福建北部天湖山全新世泥炭古气候记录的初步研究

通过对福建北部天湖山泥炭沉积记录的有机质含量和腐殖化度等多种环境代用指标的综合分析,在可靠14C测年技术的支持下,恢复了福建北部天湖山近10cal kyr BP以来的气候与环境演变过程.结果发现,泥炭有机含量和腐殖化度敏感地记录了研究区古气候变化信息,其低值指示气候相对暖湿,高值指示气候相对冷干.约10～4cal kyr BP泥炭有机质含量和腐殖化度较高,指示气候暖湿,是该区域水热组合状况最好;4cal kyr BP以来泥炭有机质含量和腐殖化度较低,指示气候相对干冷.细分千年尺度的气候变化阶段有待于测年精度的进一步提高.     

孤山屯沼泽地晚更新世以来气候演化的植硅体记录

东北地区泥炭以其特有的沉积学特征吸引了诸多全新世古气候研究的开展.通过选取长白山西麓孤山屯沼泽地晚更新世以来的泥炭沉积进行植硅体分析,划分出了5个植硅体组合带:Ⅰ棒型-尖型组合带,Ⅱ棒型-方型-尖型组合带,Ⅲ哑铃型-方型-鞍型组合带,Ⅳ齿型-哑铃型组合带,Ⅴ齿型-哑铃型-帽型组合带,分别代表5个不同的气候演化时期.结合植硅体温暖指数变化特征恢复了该地区自晚更新世以来的环境演化特征,揭示了晚冰期气候的振荡性与复杂性特征,较准确地识别出了相关气候阶段及气候波动事件.通过与哈尼泥炭纤维素δ18 O曲线及北大西洋深海沉积物记录的浮冰碎屑事件对比,证明了植硅体记录气候的6次冷事件与全球其他区域较为一致,为全面、客观地恢复全新世东北地区的古气候、古植被提供了参考资料.     

东北地区泥炭微量元素的研究

研究了我国东北地区草本泥炭、泥炭藓泥炭和草本－木本泥炭中微量的储存量及其分布特点，并分析了泥炭形成的地域特点和泥炭的理化性质，从而提出了泥炭类型、物质组成和理化特性是影响泥炭中微量元素的主要因素，测试结果表明，泥炭中微量元素含量为陆相沉积泥炭小于海相沉积泥炭；泥炭藓泥炭低于草本泥炭和木本－草本泥炭。     

泥炭沼泽起源及其发育特征的对比研究

通过对白俄罗斯别列金自然保护区与中国东北长白山地区典型泥炭沼泽的考察研究，从泥炭沼泽形成环境和泥炭层特征方面，详细地分析了道莫日里契科，萨弗斯克－莫赫和金川，哈尼四处泥炭沼泽的地形形态，植被类型以及泥炭剖面结构，泥炭类型等的异同性，提出泥炭沼泽形成实质是自然界中物质能量转化过程中的必然产物，也是生物循环与地质循环过程中生物化学作用的结果。     

中国亚热带、热带泥炭形成的水热条件与微生物分解相关性

泥炭是由于植物残体积累大于微生物分解量的结果，两者都与水热条件有密切关系，是特殊水热条件组合长期持续的产物．作者对中国亚热带、热带地区6省(市)9个观测点进行了46次野外定点观测工作，通过大量实测数据，探明泥炭累积与植物生长、微生物分解与气候、地表水、酸碱环境的关系、初步进行了地表积水环境的大气湿度与水中溶氧量的关系的研究．证明大气湿度影响水中的溶解氧，溶解氧影响到微生物分解，从而制约泥炭的累积，探讨了环境中草本植物分解与水热条件和微生物区系的相关性，揭示了亚热带草本泥炭形成的生物-环境机制．     

中国东北与白俄罗斯泥炭藓泥炭特性的对比研究

以中国东北小兴安岭汤洪岭和白俄罗斯别列金自然保护区的道莫日契科泥炭藓炭为研究对象，通过泥炭剖面特征的分析以及泥炭灰分，ｐＨ、分解度、碳、氮及Ｃ／Ｎ等基本性质的对比，探讨和分析了两地区泥炭藓泥炭理化性质的差异和主要影响因素，并根据我国东北地区泥炭藓泥炭矿层较薄，泥炭储量少的特点，提出对泥炭藓泥炭沼泽进行重点保护的观点。     

黑龙江省松花江地区泥炭的分布规律和成矿类型

从地貌、水文、气候和地质条件等方面，论述了黑龙江省松花江地区泥炭的分布规律，又 泥炭赋存的微地貌和水分等条件，科学地划分了本地区泥炭的成矿类型。     

中国东北地区与白俄罗斯泥炭沼泽的孢粉分析及形成环境对比

对白俄罗斯道莫日契克泥泽剖面的孢粉分析资料ＤＣＡ排序后，将该剖面孢粉组合划分为代表着暖湿，温湿，冷干气候特征的三个带，这三个带不仅ＤＣＡ排序值有显著差异，而且分解度和泥炭类型截然不同。比较中国东北地区与白俄罗斯北部的古植被演化历史可知，两个地区的泥炭治泽形成时期和扩张期基本相同，但两地良的泥炭类型不完全相同。     

基于GIS的中国泥炭资源性质评价

泥炭是一种重要的自然资源，在农业、工业和医药业等方面具有多种用途,泥炭中有机质古量对泥炭的利用起着至关重要的作用．采用GIS技术，对我国泥炭资源的有机质的类型、古量及分布状况进行分析,既能满足泥炭资源信息咨询的需要，又有利于泥炭资源的现代化管理.     

中国东北地区与白俄罗斯泥炭特性及开发利用的对比研究

中国东北地区与白俄罗斯同属于欧亚大陆北温带泥炭聚积区，具有多种类型的泥炭。根据泥炭特性研究和评价，确定了泥炭在能源、农业、化工、医药、环境保护等方面的利用指标，为合理开发与利用泥炭资源提供科学依据。     

Estimated Holocene peat accumulation rates from CO_2 emissions, Karelia, North-Western Russia [CO_2 emission from a peat soil in Karelia (North-Western Russia) during Holocene]

We investigated CO_2 fluxes and CO_2 content gradients of natural and drained plots of a Sphagnum-Eriophorium mesotrophic peat in Southern Karelia. The lowest peat is a mesotrophic Scheuchzeria-Sphagnum peat, formed about 4070 yr. B.P. The median CO_2 emission rates for natural and drained plots respectively were 71.0 and 121.3 mg·m~(-3) hr~(-1). Where determined, temperature increase and groundwater level decrease lead to exponential increases in carbon dioxide flux. The authors confirm, that in the Atlantic period (climatic optimum of Holocene for Northern Europe) both accumulation and production by peat soils was greater than at present.     

昆明盆地泥炭与褐煤形成环境的探讨

根据野外考察和有关分析资料,阐述了昆明盆地的泥炭赋存特征及其成因,並对聚煤环境进行了类比分析。从成炭机理的类同性大致反映出古地理演变的基本过程,亦为寻找和勘探泥炭与褐煤资源提供了一定的科学依据。     

黄土高原西缘3万年以来古气候变化——磁化率代用气候曲线的多尺度分析

黄土高原西缘红咀寺剖面气候代用曲线的小波多尺度分析（Multiresolution analysis），交好的表达了不同周期（时间尺度）的古气候演化特点。分析结果表明：在30-10KaBP 的次冰盛期内，（1）约有56个百年尺度的气候波动，15个千年尺度的气候循环，3个冰阶-间冰阶周期；（2）在小波分解后的千年级尺度气候曲线上，暖事件更为突出，有3个突出的峰（Denekamp,?(),(BΦL)）;（3）新仙女木事件仅反映在百年尺度的气候曲线上，在较长周期的饿曲线上不明显；（4）在百年尺度的气候曲线中，末次冰盛期气候波动频繁，其中18-28KaBP 是频率波动的最大阶段，但随着周期尺度的加大，气候的波动频率逐渐趋于均匀。     

Millennial and orbital variations of El Niño/Southern Oscillation and high-latitude climate in the last glacial period

The El Ni?o/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon is believed to have operated continuously over the last glacial-interglacial cycle. ENSO variability has been suggested to be linked to millennial-scale oscillations in North Atlantic climate during that time, but the proposals disagree on whether increased frequency of El Ni?o events, the warm phase of ENSO, was linked to North Atlantic warm or cold periods. Here we present a high-resolution record of surface moisture, based on the degree of peat humification and the ratio of sedges to grass, from northern Queensland, Australia, covering the past 45,000 yr. We observe millennial-scale dry periods, indicating periods of frequent El Ni?o events (summer precipitation declines in El Ni?o years in northeastern Australia). We find that these dry periods are correlated to the Dansgaard-Oeschger events--millennial-scale warm events in the North Atlantic climate record--although no direct atmospheric connection from the North Atlantic to our site can be invoked. Additionally, we find climatic cycles at a semiprecessional timescale (approximately 11,900 yr). We suggest that climate variations in the tropical Pacific Ocean on millennial as well as orbital timescales, which determined precipitation in northeastern Australia, also exerted an influence on North Atlantic climate through atmospheric and oceanic teleconnections.     

近50 ka以来雷州半岛北部泥炭序列87Sr/86Sr比值变化的环境意义研究

本文通过对雷州半岛北部湛江市屋山村和遂溪县下录村两个泥炭序列锶同位素比值（87Sr/86Sr）进行了测定,探讨了晚更新世晚期以来我国北热带地区泥炭序列锶同位素的古环境指示意义。分析结果表明:在过去近50 ka以来,泥炭序列中87Sr/86Sr比值变化于0.713 0.722之间,平均值为0.716。通过与已发表的气候代用指标对比,发现在轨道尺度上87Sr/86Sr比值在暖湿期（如MIS 3阶段）呈现相对低值,而在相对凉（冷）期（如MIS 2阶段）,则表现为高值;这种现象甚至在千年尺度上也有很好的体现。形成这种现象的主要原因可能是由于泥炭序列中87Sr/86Sr比值的变化主要与流域风化淋溶后残留的硅酸岩碎屑物质的输入有关,且受到了因气候条件变化所导致的地表径流和植被繁茂程度变化的积极影响。因此,本研究结果表明雷州半岛北部地区泥炭序列87Sr/86Sr比值记录可以作为流域化学风化强度变化的有效指标。     

Hierarchical structures in climate and atmospheric turbulence

The climatic time series encompass many time scales, forming multi-scale climatic variations and hierarchies. The periods and magnitudes of cooling or warming, especially for extreme climatic events, vary with the time scales. On the other hand, high-frequency atmospheric turbulent motions, which are certainly related to the climatic changes, are also typical multi-scale phenomena. In this paper, certain properties of the fluctuations are examined that are invariant with the change of the time scales. Specifically, the existence of a statistical similarity law is demonstrated in climatic time series and in atmospheric turbulent motions. This is the hierarchical similarity law. Further analyses show that the hierarchical similarity law is a general property of multi-scale fluctuation systems. Therefore, the study on the hierarchical similarity law is important for understanding the inherent universal physical mechanism of complex systems in the atmospheric motions.     

Temperature variations in the past 6000 years inferred from δ18O of peat cellulose from Hongyuan, China

Trends of the temperature variations recorded in δ18O in Hongyuan peat cellulose are similar to those recorded in δ 18O of Jinchuan peat cellulose and inδ18O of Dunde ice core. Climate events have been identified to be globallyhomogeneous. Two notable climate transition periods have been detected in the past 6000 years, namely 4000 aBP with climate shifting from cold to warm and 1500aBP with climate shifting from warm to relatively cold. Power spectrum analysiswas performed to investigate the periodical signals in the δ18O time series. Typical periodicities of 1200-1087 a, 752 a, 444 a, 325 a, 213 a, 127-123 a, 88a, 79 a were discovered, indicating an integrated influence on Hongyuan climatefrom solar, monsoon and ocean activities. Solar forcing has been addressed to be the main driving forcing of Hongyuan climate.     

Peat molecular fossils recording paleoclimatic change and organism replacement

The occurrence of the dominant C₂₃ n-alkane derived from bryophyte was demonstrated to be related to the cold climate, based on the GC and GC/MS analyses on a 40-cm long peat core, in which this compound exponentially varies in abundance with the depth corresponding to the well-known second Little Ice Age. Both the variation of the chemical components of modern bryophyte resulted from climatic change and the ecological data about the biological growth influenced by climate shed light on the point that the variation of this compound in the peat was related to the cold climate. This was also evidenced by the previously-reported lacustrine data. In addition, the variations of the ratios of ketones/esters and C₂₄ n-alkene/n-alkane (C_24︰1/C_24︰0) display the trend identical with that of organisms, implicating the replacement between bryophyte and monocotyledon occurring in the peat core.