L2([0,1]d)的周期多尺度分析的特征

给出Ｌ＾２（〔０，１〕＾ｄ）的周期多尺度分析的一个特征，并研究了尺度函数序列的特征。     

基于中国南方石笋记录的古气候周期探讨

 通过对葫芦洞、三宝洞和董哥洞末次盛冰期（~30 000 aBP）以来的石笋氧同位素数据序列进行连续小波变换。其结果显示在中国南方区域冰期的气候波动较全新世剧烈,盛冰期的气候波动较冰消期剧烈。在全新世阶段,董哥洞和三宝洞石笋氧同位素的周期均具有显著的三阶段特征。但在千百年尺度上,两地气候周期的长度和强度并不尽相同,董哥洞石笋氧同位素的周期信号相对较弱。其原因是董哥洞区域受西南季风和东亚季风的共同影响,二者之间的反相位关系削弱和改变了气候变化的千年周期。这一特征反映了不同季风区域、不同周期的气候变化主导因素可能有所差异。分析结果同时显示,在~3 000 aBP,东亚区域气候模式可能发生了重大转折。     

黄土高原西缘末次盛冰期以来古气候演化的有机碳同位素记录

综合CaCO3含量、碳酸盐碳、氧同位素资料，并结合研究区的区域特征，对兰州红咀寺剖面有机碳同位素气候指示意义进行了研究．结果表明，在黄土高原西缘，有机碳同位素δ^13Corg波动反映C3／C4植物比例改变，指示温度变化．δ^13Corg值偏正时，表明C4植物含量较大，反映温度较高．有机碳同位素和CaCO3含量、碳酸盐碳、氧同位素共同揭示了兰州地区末次盛冰期气候较全新世明显偏低，在11．5kaBP，13．9kaBP存在两次明显的降温；进人全新世以后，兰州气候开始逐渐变暖，但仍存在8．8kaBP、5．0kaBP和3．2kaBP的三次突然升温以及8．0kaBP、6．8kaBP和5．3kaBP的降温事件，说明了兰州地区气候变化的复杂性和不稳定性．     

大厂凹陷MIS3阶段以来沉积物地球化学特征分析

深海氧同位素3-1阶段是指深海沉积物有孔虫氧同位素记录的第四纪末次冰期至冰后期的一个时期,期间气候表现为间冰阶、极端寒冷、多次千年尺度气候事件至最后转暖多个变化特征,相关气候变化沉积响应及影响因素等科学问题一直以来备受关注。然而,该时期相关千年尺度气候事件的记录及讨论在华北平原地区仍有争议,为探讨华北平原西北地区在该阶段的气候特征,本研究在大厂凹陷区天然剖面进行高密度碳14断代样品测试,并开展常量和微量元素地球化学含量分析,获得地球化学数据变化趋势特征,结果表明,该剖面年代从32.5ka至8.2 ka,处于深海氧同位素3阶段末期至深海氧同位素1阶段早期。在该时段,主量元素氧化物TFe2O3、Al2O3、SiO2、MgO、CaO、Na2O与K2O与微量元素Sr、V、Ni、Co、Ga、Cu、Ba、Cr和Zn均呈现一致的变化趋势;在MIS2末次冰盛期和MIS1早期中的B?lling-Aller?d暖期和新仙女木冷期,K/Na、Al/Na、化学蚀变指数 、化学风化指数 和古温度等指标与东亚季风区气候呈现一致的变化,同时与全球尺度的事件具有同步性,因此认为晚更新世晚期华北平原的气候变化可归因于全球气候系统下东亚季风区的演化。     

中国历史气候记录揭示的千年干湿变化和重大干旱事件

对中国历史气候记录的研究表明：准周期性是过去1000年间中国东部各区域的干湿气候变化的基本特征；各区域间主要周期变化的位相差异，表现为降水的空间分布格局（如南涝北旱、北涝南旱等分布型）随时间的变化；1000年来干湿气候发生过多次十年和百年尺度的突变，降水的突变对农业生产会有明显影响。过去1000年间多次出现过大范围的持续时间3年以上的严重于旱事件，其严重程度多为最近50年所未见，因此，在过去1000年的气候变化历程中，最近的50年沿属于气候条件较好 的时段，但对未来出现气候突变和重大气候灾异的可能性应予以警惕。     

全新世寒冷事件与气候变化的千年周期

在统计10000aBP以来我国每百年中寒冷事件记录的频率的基础上,分析了寒冷事件的时间分布特点和频率序列的功率谱.结果表明,10000aBP以来的冷暖变化在500,1000和1300a的周期是明显的.其中,两个相邻寒冷事件的平均时间间隔与500a周期相对应,间隔一个事件的两个寒冷事件之间的平均时间间隔与1000a周期相对应.而包括一长(400～800a)一短(100～200a)两个寒冷时段的一个气候旋回与1300a左右的周期相对应.为千年周期的存在提供了进一步的证据.     

过去5000年中国气温变化序列重建

根据近20年来基于孢粉、石笋、湖泊沉积、泥炭、冰芯、历史文献等代用证据重建的中国31个地点（区）的温度变化序列，利用集成方法重建了中国过去5000a来分辨率为100a的气温变化序列.结果显示：在千年尺度的变化上，3050—250BC为温暖时期，250BC—1950AD为寒冷时期，在这两个千年尺度的冷暖气候期中又明显存在次一级的冷暖波动阶段.5000a来中国不同区域之间还存在明显的冷暖变化差异，特别是在东部季风区、青藏区和西北区之间，在2850BC，2350BC，1350BC，950—350BC，50—250AD 和550AD等百年数百年阶段上还存在反相波动.与北半球其他地区过去5000a来温度变化研究结果比较，中国的气温变化与这些地区在长时间尺度的变化上具有同步性，但在百年数百年尺度的变化上，冷暖气候期的起止时间存在差异，说明冷暖气候变化在不同地区可能不是同时发生的.     

1980—2022年白龙江流域气候变化特征研究

基于1980—2022年白龙江流域的气温、降水,运用线性分析、小波分析、M-K突变检验分析,研究该流域的气候时空变化特征,研究表明：（1）1980—2022年白龙江流域的气温与降水的整体均为上升趋势,气候呈暖湿化,且上游气候呈暖湿化比中下游明显。（2）气温周期变化存在2个较为明显的峰值,分别为23 a、27 a,27 a为第一主周期;降水周期变化存在4个较为明显的峰值,分别为4 a、10 a、15 a、26 a,26 a为第一主周期。（3）1980—1996年气温变化趋势呈上升-下降-上升的波动变化趋势,1997—2022年呈显著上升趋势;1980—1993年降水变化趋势呈波动状,1994—2017年呈减少趋势。     

上海市城市热岛效应的时间多尺度特征

取上海市区各站点的平均温度与近郊站点的温度之差作为衡量城市热岛强度的指标，利用上海市城区和郊区的6个Davis自动气象观测仪每小时观测的记录，对2000年的温差序列进行小波变换，分析上海市城市热岛强度时间-频率的多时间尺度的演变规律.结果表明：小波分析能在波幅的时间-尺度图上进行宏观分析，低频小波波幅的发展、加强与城市热岛的强弱相对应.上海城市热岛的周期变化在时间域上分布不均匀，冬季热岛变化以14 h和26 h尺度为主，而夏季以12 h和28 h尺度较为明显.同一尺度上冬季上海市热岛强度变化明显，变化幅度大（热岛强度最大达5.6 ℃），相对应的波的振荡频率快，振幅较大；夏季反之.     

近43年安阳市雾日和霾日时空特征分析

采用气候倾向率、气候趋势系数、Mann-Kendall检验和Morlet小波等研究方法,对安阳市5个站点1971—2013年的雾霾资料进行分析研究,结果表明:11971—2013年安阳全区年均雾日数和霾日数地域分布相似,均呈由西南向东北递减的特点.年平均轻雾日数以汤阴为中心,向周围递减,东部多与西部,平原多于山区.2雾日和霾日均呈现秋、冬季较多,春夏季少.3安阳全区雾日整体呈波动减少趋势,气候倾向率-1.4 d/10a.轻雾日呈波动增加趋势,气候倾向率6.1 d/10a.全区霾日数1986年前为减少趋势,1986年后呈增多趋势,其中2006年后增幅趋缓.4安阳市平均年雾日数在2008年发生突变减少;全市平均年轻雾日在1993年发生突变减少,2001年发生突变增多;安阳站的年霾日数在2005年发生突变增多.5安阳市雾日数第1主周期为22年,轻雾日数主周期为24年,霾日数主周期18年.     

Southern Ocean sea-ice extent, productivity and iron flux over the past eight glacial cycles

Sea ice and dust flux increased greatly in the Southern Ocean during the last glacial period. Palaeorecords provide contradictory evidence about marine productivity in this region, but beyond one glacial cycle, data were sparse. Here we present continuous chemical proxy data spanning the last eight glacial cycles (740,000 years) from the Dome C Antarctic ice core. These data constrain winter sea-ice extent in the Indian Ocean, Southern Ocean biogenic productivity and Patagonian climatic conditions. We found that maximum sea-ice extent is closely tied to Antarctic temperature on multi-millennial timescales, but less so on shorter timescales. Biological dimethylsulphide emissions south of the polar front seem to have changed little with climate, suggesting that sulphur compounds were not active in climate regulation. We observe large glacial-interglacial contrasts in iron deposition, which we infer reflects strongly changing Patagonian conditions. During glacial terminations, changes in Patagonia apparently preceded sea-ice reduction, indicating that multiple mechanisms may be responsible for different phases of CO2 increase during glacial terminations. We observe no changes in internal climatic feedbacks that could have caused the change in amplitude of Antarctic temperature variations observed 440,000 years ago.     

Interpretation and preliminary simulation of the 40 ka periodicity of the Quaternary glaciation

More and more proxy records approved that the periodicity of the glacial cycles is about 40 ka before MPT (middle Pleistocene transition) as early as late Tertiary from 3.0 Ma to 0.9 Ma,whereas it changes to about 100 ka after MPT. Summer insolation at high latitude in Northern Hemisphere,usually consid-ered as the main external force for the ice age,is dominated by the 23 ka precession period,which does not match the period of the glacial cycles. In this paper,we define an energy index C and its threshold Ct that indicate the net energy supply and the overall response of the climate system. The difference between these two parameters determines whether the ice sheet melts or not,and accordingly the start and termination of the interglacial stages,as well as the periodicity of glacial oscillations. Based on the energy threshold hypothesis,the preliminary simulation experiments are made to test the period of the glacial cycles and driven factors from a conceptual model. The results indicate that energy index C and threshold Ct can interpret not only the 40 ka periodicity before MPT,but also the quasi-100 ka perio-dicity after MPT to some extent,and the 40 ka is the basic period of the glacial cycles,which discloses the inherent continuity of climatic change before and after MPT.     

Environmental changes in the upper-reaches of Thurumqi River in the past 10,000 years, Tianshan Mountains, China

The sediments, at bore-hole T-3 in the upper reaches of the Urumqi River, are 10.7 m thick, and are composed mainly of till, slope-washed materials, solifluction and glacial-water deposits. The borehole can be divided into six sections based on the pollen distribution, magnetic susceptibility , δ~(13)C determinations and the diatoms distribution. There were three cold and dry periods during the past 10.0 Ka (10~3 years): before 9.3 KaBP, from 8.1 to 5.6 KaBP and 3.0 to 1.0 KaBP. The three warmer periods were from 9.3 to 8.1 KaBP, 5.6 to 3.0 KaBP and since 1.0 KaBP. The Holocene maximum was between 5.6 and 3 KaBP. However, the vegetation compositions, mainly C_3 plants, the magnetic susceptibility and the δ~(13)C were little changed in the study region in the past 10 Ka. Indications are that the climate was relatively cold and stable during the past 10 Ka.     

太原盆地QK1钻孔60ka.B.P以来气候环境演化的沉积记录

通过对太原盆地QK1钻孔60 ka.B.P.以来的沉积物进行粒度、磁化率分析,探讨了太原盆地60 ka.B.P.以来的气候环境演化过程。太原盆地60 ka.B.P.以来主要经历了以下演化阶段:59.6～40 ka.B.P.属滨湖相沉积;40～31.5 ka.B.P.属以河流相漫滩沉积;31.5～14.58 ka.B.P.属河流相边滩沉积;14.58～12.5 ka.B.P.河流相漫滩沉积;12.5～9 ka.B.P.河漫湖泊沉积;9 ka.B.P.至今属河流相边滩沉积。60 ka.B.P.以来太原盆地的气候由温暖偏湿转为温暖湿润,在末次冰期表现为寒冷干燥,进入全新世大暖期以后,气候具有全球性特征的同时也兼具区域性特点。各指标分析表明太原盆地的气候环境演化主要受全球性气候变化及区域气候的影响,由于盆地沉降中心与边缘沉积速率的差异,在一定程度上受到地区构造活动的影响。     

The effect of millennial-scale changes in Arabian Sea denitrification on atmospheric CO2.

Most global biogeochemical processes are known to respond to climate change, some of which have the capacity to produce feedbacks through the regulation of atmospheric greenhouse gases. Marine denitrification-the reduction of nitrate to gaseous nitrogen-is an important process in this regard, affecting greenhouse gas concentrations directly through the incidental production of nitrous oxide, and indirectly through modification of the marine nitrogen inventory and hence the biological pump for CO2. Although denitrification has been shown to vary with glacial-interglacial cycles, its response to more rapid climate change has not yet been well characterized. Here we present nitrogen isotope ratio, nitrogen content and chlorin abundance data from sediment cores with high accumulation rates on the Oman continental margin that reveal substantial millennial-scale variability in Arabian Sea denitrification and productivity during the last glacial period. The detailed correspondence of these changes with Dansgaard-Oeschger events recorded in Greenland ice cores indicates rapid, century-scale reorganization of the Arabian Sea ecosystem in response to climate excursions, mediated through the intensity of summer monsoonal upwelling. Considering the several-thousand-year residence time of fixed nitrogen in the ocean, the response of global marine productivity to changes in denitrification would have occurred at lower frequency and appears to be related to climatic and atmospheric CO2 oscillations observed in Antarctic ice cores between 20 and 60 kyr ago.     

Pollen records and time scale for the RM core of the Zoige Basin, northeastern QinghaiTibetan Plateau

A continuous pollen record from the Zoige Basin in the northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau not only provides information on the vegetation and climate changes during the last two glacial/interglacial cycles, hut also gives proof to establish the time scale of the upper 60 m of the RM core. Subalpine spruce-fir forests colonized the Zoige Basin during the interglacials and interstadials, implying warm and wet climate conditions. Alpine periglacial desert or dry desert may have existed during the penultimate glacial and the last glacial maxima, respectively. Alpine sedge meadow dominated the landscape during MIS 4. The MIS 3 is punctuated by a number of stadials similar to those documented in the Guliya and GISP2 ice cores, as indicated by repeated rise and fall of subalpine spruce-fir forests. Our pollen record reveals a regional climate history similar to those from the neighboring sites, including the Arabian Sea and the Guliya ice core, and thus supports the notion that the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau acts as an important link between climatic events in the North Atlantic realm and the Asian monsoon domain.     

Paragenesia of Quaternary pediments and river terraces on the north piedmont of Wutai Mountains

A study has been made of the paragenetic relations of the pediments and river terraces on the northern piedmont of Wutai Mountains via geomorphologic mapping of 1:10000 scale, and an analysis on the role of tectonic, climatic, and drainage factors in the parageneses. The Quaternary pediments and river terraces on the north piedmont of Wutai Mountains united to constitute six steps of geomorphic surfaces. The episodic uplifting of fault blocks was the dominant factor in the formation of the unified surfaces, however climatic change and drainage diversities led to undulation of the surfaces. The second terrace of Yangyan River (T2) was formed in the last glacial maximum, when the river was in aggradational state. The third to fifth terraces were formed in interglacial stages, when the river was in equilibrium or degradational state. It is inferred that climate had no insignificant effect on the river incision caused by tectonic uplifting. In light of terraces dating, since the Quaternary the Wutai fault-block mountains experienced six rapid uplifting events, and the starting time of the last four events was respectively 1.2, 0.6, 0.13, and 0.02 Ma B.P.     

Quaternary glacier development and the relationship between the climate change and tectonic uplift in the Helan Mountain

Isolated NE-SW stretching the Helan Mountain massif, separating the temperate grassland of the Ordos plateau from the Tenggeli Desert, is a key position of studying the glacier development in west China as well as the coupling conditions of climate change with tectonic uplift. The glacial landforms and deposits including cirques, peaks, knife-edge ridges, lateral moraines, and terminal moraines distribute above 2800 m a.s.l. in the middle part of the Helan Mountain. This distribution indicates that here was once glaciated during the late Quaternary. Morphology features show a clear sequence of landscape forming events took place throughout the Helan Mountain. Laboratory optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) and accelerator mass spectrometry radio-carbon dating (AMS 14 C) results indicate a late history of glacial advance. Late Pleistocene glaciers in the middle part of the Helan Mountain advanced to near their positions at least four times, and the glacial sequences can be assigned as the middle stage of last glacial cycle (MIS3b, 43.2±4.0 ka), last glacial maximum (LGM, ~18 ka), late glacial (12.0±1.1 ka) and neo-glacial (3.4± 0.3 ka) respectively. Adopting equilibrium line altitude ~2980 m of last glacial maximum and the modern theoretical snowline altitude ~4724 m as the maximum amplitudes, and the standard marine isotope curve (MIS) as the glacial equilibrium line change since the Gonghe Movement (150 ka), the relationship between the mountain altitude and glacier development is discussed herein. Compared with other environmental indexes such as the loesspaleosol and ice core, conclusions are made that glacier advances in the Helan Mountain during the late Quaternary obviously depended on the coupled control of tectonic uplift of mountain with the climate condition. It is at last glaciation that the mountain reached the altitude above snowline and coupled with the glacial climate. The glacial advances occurred in the early and middle stages of last glacial cycle after the Gonghe Movement.