铝酸钠浓度对镁微弧氧化膜组织与性能的影响

在NaAlO2溶液中于恒压条件下对镁进行了微弧氧化处理，研究了NaAlO2浓度对微弧氧化膜表面形貌、相组成和表面硬度的影响，并对不同NaAlO2浓度下所得的微弧氧化膜的耐蚀性进行了表征．结果表明：随着NaAlO2浓度的升高，微弧氧化膜表面的孔洞明显减少，致密性增强，表面硬度显著提高；微孤氧化膜主要由MgO和MgAl2O4相组成，随着NaAlO2浓度的升高，MgAl2O4相所占的比例逐渐增大；在质量分数为3．5％的NaCl溶液中，随NaAlO2浓度升高，所得微弧氧化膜的腐蚀电位逐渐增高，表明耐蚀性逐渐增强，与未处理的试样比较，其耐蚀性有较大提高．     

微弧氧化对7050铝合金腐蚀行为的影响

采用微弧氧化(MAO)技术在7050铝合金表面制备了陶瓷膜层,运用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和能谱分析仪(EDS)表征陶瓷膜微观结构,采用动电位极化曲线、电化学阻抗谱(EIS)和慢应变速率拉伸试验(SSRT)研究了微弧氧化膜对7050铝合金在3.5%(质量分数)NaCl水溶液中腐蚀和应力腐蚀开裂(SCC)行为的影响.结果表明:微弧氧化膜层由表面疏松层与内部致密层组成,表面疏松层主要由Al2O3组成,内部致密层由氧化铝与铝烧结而成.微弧氧化膜层可以有效抑制7050铝合金表面的腐蚀萌生及明显降低腐蚀速率,且使7050铝合金的应力腐蚀敏感性出现显著下降.     

CrN/Cr涂层对Ti22Al26Nb合金的高温防护研究

采用电弧离子镀技术在O相Ti22Al26Nb合金表面镀覆CrN以及CrN/Cr涂层并研究了其在800和900℃空气中的等温氧化行为,结果显示O相钛合金表面施加单一的CrN涂层后,涂层表面在氧化时形成了保护性的氧化膜Cr2O3层,因此合金受到了良好的高温防护,但是涂层和基体合金之间发生了明显的互扩散;在CrN涂层和钛合金基体之间施加纯Cr扩散障层后形成的CrN/Cr涂层,其表面除了象单一CrN涂层那样氧化后形成了一层连续、致密、结合良好的保护性氧化膜Cr2O3层外,还能有效的抑制涂层与基体合金之间的互扩散,此外扩散障Cr层的存在使得靠近其基体的晶粒也出现了长大现象。     

加热温度对铸态Ti1100氧化及表面形貌的影响

研究了铸态Ti1100在不同温度下保温5小时的氧化增重和表面形貌.结果表明,随着加热温度的升高,铸造Ti1100氧化加重.300℃基本不氧化;500℃-700℃,Ti1100试样增重0.28-0.62%; 1100℃氧化增重严重,达到12.73%;钛的氧化增重为吸氧.用JSM-6360LV型扫描电子显微镜观察试样表面形貌,300-600℃氧化膜极薄且致密;700℃试样表面有少量的氧化腐蚀坑,表面较致密;900℃试样表面有较多的突起氧化层,表面不致密;1100℃氧化层为板片状TiO2.氧化过程为高温时,氧化膜晶粒粗大变得疏松,氧通过氧化膜扩散进基体.     

电压对纯镁微弧氧化膜层电化学腐蚀行为的影响

采用循环伏安(CV)、动电位极化(Tafel)和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)技术、结合纯镁微弧氧化膜微观形貌,研究电压对膜层电化学腐蚀行为的影响.结果表明:电压对膜层耐蚀性影响显著,随着电压升高,膜层耐蚀性增强,这是因为较厚的膜层厚度为抵御腐蚀介质的侵蚀提供了良好的物理屏障.在整个腐蚀试验过程中,高电压下制备的膜层经历三个阶段:腐蚀介质逐渐渗入膜层,腐蚀介质渗透膜层到达膜基面侵蚀基体,腐蚀产物填充微孔和微裂纹等缺陷.相比而言,低电压下制备的膜层随着浸泡时间的延长,膜层外部疏松层和内部致密层的电阻均逐渐减小,致使耐蚀性降低,最终膜层完全失效.     

添加K2ZrF6对钛合金微弧氧化膜层组织结构的影响

采用交流电源对TA15合金进行微弧氧化处理,研究了在NaAlO2-Na3PO4溶液体系中添加K2ZrF6对膜层组织结构的影响.利用XRD、SEM和EDS等手段分析了膜层的相组成及表面形貌,探讨了添加剂K2ZrF6对成膜速率、膜层结构的影响,借助热震实验研究了陶瓷膜与基体的结合力,并利用热阻隔性能测试评价了不同溶液中所形成膜层的热阻隔效果.加入K2ZrF6后,微弧氧化的成膜速率增加.SEM结果表明:K2ZrF6使膜层表面粗糙度降低,膜层内部缺陷减少.EDS线扫描分析表明:添加K2ZrF6后氧化膜层中出现大量锆元素,且其含量随距膜/基界面距离的增加而增加.XRD结果显示,未添加K2ZrF6溶液制得的膜层主要由Al2TiO5和Rutile-TiO2相组成;而添加K2ZrF6后,膜层中生成了隔热性良好的ZrO2相.热物性相关测试显示:经K2ZrF6调制后的膜层抗热震性能降低,但具有更加优良的热阻隔性能.     

料浆喷涂微晶玻璃涂层的微观组织结构及其抗氧化性能

采用料浆喷涂法在镍合金GH140基体上制备SiO2-BaO-MgO-ZnO微晶玻璃涂层,研究微晶玻璃涂层在高温下的抗恒温氧化性能。通过SEM,EDS和XRD分析GC/GH140晶化处理及1 000℃恒温氧化前后的形貌特征、相组成以及元素分布的变化。研究结果表明:GC/GH140氧化质量增加极小。晶化热处理前,微晶玻璃涂层与GH140基体结合致密,在涂层烧结过程中,基体中的Cr和Ti向涂层界面扩散,形成富Cr和Ti致密氧化膜,并在基体中形成了一层很薄的氧化物不连续分布的过渡区域。晶化热处理2 h后,涂层中析出主要成分为白色柱状BaSi4O9和黑色SiO2颗粒,氧化膜与过渡层的厚度变化不大。随恒温氧化时间延长,涂层的相组成保持不变,黑色SiO2相含量迅速增加,过渡层厚度缓慢增加;氧化96 h后,涂层与基体仍然结合良好,表面也十分致密,有效阻碍了氧的扩散,大幅度提高了基体的抗氧化能力。     

氧化镁陶瓷层的组织结构及耐蚀性能

采用扫描电镜（ＳＥＭ）、Ｘ射线衍射（ＸＲＤ）等方法,研究了镁合金表面原位生长型氧化镁陶瓷层的形貌特征、相结构及蚀特性。结果表明,用微弧氧化方法可在镁合金表面生成一层与基体结合良好且表面致密的氧化镁陶瓷层,而溶液中的添加剂可在一定程度上改变陶瓷的组分;耐蚀实验证明微弧氧化陶瓷层的耐蚀性远优于化学氧化膜。     

镁合金微弧氧化的电解液组分研究

利用交流微弧氧化装置对AZ91D镁合金在1组分、2组分、3组分和4组分电解液中进行了微弧氧化处理,并通过电化学测试技术研究了微弧氧化处理后膜层的耐蚀性能.实验结果表明:能显著提高镁合金耐蚀性能的微弧氧化电解液,多为含NaAlO2组分的碱性溶液;电解液中添加H2O2和C4H4O6Na2等组分,可进一步提高膜层的耐蚀性.微弧氧化处理后,膜层表面光滑、均匀、致密,并由尖晶石结构的MgAl2O4相和MgO相组成.NaAlO2组分的存在,能与膜层中的MgO相在微弧氧化过程中一起烧结形成具有尖晶石结构的MgAl2O4耐蚀相,从而提高镁合金的耐蚀性能.     

铝合金微弧氧化陶瓷膜的组织与性能研究

利用等离子体微弧氧化工艺在LY12合金表面制备了陶瓷膜,对陶瓷膜微观组织结构、力学性能进行了分析。结果表明,陶瓷膜具有内部致密层和外部疏松层两层结构,膜层与铝基体为冶金结合。陶瓷膜的硬度和弹性模量硬度和弹性模量最大可分别达到25 GPa和300 GPa,陶瓷膜经300℃—15℃热冲击循环40次无裂纹、无膜层脱落现象。黑色陶瓷膜与轴承钢在空气中的摩擦系数为0.25—0.37,表现出良好的耐磨性能。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with