稀土固体超强酸SO4^2-／TiO2-Ce（Ⅳ）催化合成环己酮乙二醇缩酮

制备了固体超强酸催化剂SO4^2-／TiO2-Ce(Ⅳ)，并利用该催化剂催化合成了环己酮乙二醇缩酮，探讨SO4^2-／TiO2-Ce(Ⅳ)对缩酮反应的催化活性，较系统地研究了酮醇物质的量比、催化剂用量、反应时间诸因素对产品收率的影响．实验表明：SO4^2-／TiO2-Ce(Ⅳ)是合成环己酮乙二醇缩酮的良好催化剂，在n(酮)：n(酮)=1：1.5，催化剂用量为反应物料总质量的0.5％，环己烷为带水剂，反应时间1．0h的优化条件下，环己酮乙二醇缩酮的收率可达85．7％．     

固体超强酸催化剂SO42-/TiO2-WO3催化合成环己酮乙二醇缩酮

制备了固体超强酸催化剂SO4^2-/TiO2-WO3并利用该催化剂催化合成了环己酮乙二醇缩酮，探讨了SO4^2-/TiO2-WO33对缩酮反应的催化活性，较系统地研究了酮醇物质的量比，催化剂用量，反应时问诸因素对产品收率的影响。实验表明：SO4^2-/TiO2-WO3是合成环己酮乙二醇缩酮的良好催化剂，在n(酮)：n(醇)=1：2．0，催化剂用量为反应物料总质量的0．25％，环己烷为带水剂，反应时间1．0h的优化条件下，环己酮乙二醇缩酮的收率可达85．8％。     

介孔TiO2固体超强酸催化合成环己酮乙二醇缩酮

制备了纳米TiO2固体超强酸催化剂和介孔TiO2固体超强酸催化剂，表征了催化剂的物化性能．研究了浓硫酸和固体超强酸催化剂催化合成环己酮乙二醇缩酮的催化性能，系统考察了酮和醇物质的量的比、催化剂用量、反应时间等因素对产品收率的影响．试验表明，介孔TiO2固体超强酸是合成环己酮乙二醇缩酮的良好催化剂，在n（酮）：n（醇）=1：1．5，催化剂用量1．0g，环己酮用量20．66mL，带水剂环己烷用量20mL，反应时间2h的优化条件下，环己酮乙二醇缩酮的收率可达82．1％．     

对甲苯磺酸催化合成环己酮乙二醇缩酮

以对甲苯磺酸为催化剂,以环己酮和乙二醇为原料合成了环己酮乙二醇缩酮,通过正交实验法,较系统地研究了合成环己酮乙二醇缩酮的影响因素.实验表明:固定环己酮物质的量为0.2mol,在n (环己酮)∶ n (乙二醇) = 1∶ 1.5,催化剂用量为反应物料总质量的2.6%,带水剂环己烷20mL,反应时间60min的优化条件下,环己酮乙二醇缩酮的收率可达78.9%.     

稀土固体超强酸SO42-/TiO2-Ce(IV)催化合成环己酮乙二醇缩酮

制备了固体超强酸催化剂SO42-/TiO2-Ce(IV),并利用该催化剂催化合成了环己酮乙二醇缩酮,探讨SO42-/TiO2-Ce(IV)对缩酮反应的催化活性,较系统地研究了酮醇物质的量比、催化剂用量、反应时间诸因素对产品收率的影响.实验表明:SO42-/TiO2-Ce(IV)是合成环己酮乙二醇缩酮的良好催化剂,在n(酮)∶n(醇)=1∶1 5,催化剂用量为反应物料总质量的0.5%,环己烷为带水剂,反应时间1.0h的优化条件下,环己酮乙二醇缩酮的收率可达85.7%.     

H3PW12O40/ZrO2催化合成环己酮乙二醇缩酮

合成了一种复合催化剂H3PW12O40/ZrO2,以环己酮和1,2-丙二醇为原料合成环己酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮为探针反应,对合成该催化剂的焙烧温度、焙烧时间及负载量进行了探究。将优化条件下制得的H3PW12O40/ZrO2为催化剂,以环己酮和乙二醇为原料合成环己酮乙二醇缩酮。探讨H3PW12O40/ZrO2对缩酮反应的催化活性,较系统地研究了酮醇物质的量比、催化剂用量、反应时间等因素对产物收率的影响。实验表明:H3PW12O40/ZrO2是合成环己酮乙二醇缩酮的良好催化剂,固定环己酮用量为0.15 mol,在n(环己酮):n(乙二醇)=1:1.6,催化剂用量为0.25 g,带水剂环己烷为12 mL,反应时间90 min的适宜条件下,环己酮乙二醇缩酮的收率可达72.2%。     

活性炭负载磷钼钨杂多酸银盐催化合成环己酮乙二醇缩酮

以活性炭为载体,制备了负载的磷钼钨杂多酸银盐催化剂,并以环己酮、乙二醇为原料,考察了该催化剂催化合成环己酮乙二醇缩酮的活性.研究了催化剂负载量、用量、反应条件(时间、温度、酮醇摩尔比)等因素对缩合反应收率的影响.实验表明,活性炭负载磷钼钨杂多酸银盐是合成环己酮乙二醇缩酮的良好催化剂,当负载量为30%时,催化剂用量为环己酮质量的8%,n(环己酮):n(乙二醇)=1:1.8,反应温度为110～120℃,反应时间为60 min,环己烷为带水剂,环已酮乙二醇缩酮收率可达到90.2%.     

SO42-/TiO2-MoO3催化合成丁酮乙二醇缩酮

首次报道了以固体超强酸SO4^2-／TiO2-MoO3为催化剂，通过丁酮和乙二醇反应合成了丁酮乙二醇缩酮，探讨了SO4^2-／TiO2-MoO3对缩酮反应的催化活性，较系统地研究了酮醇物质的量比，催化剂用量，反应时间诸因素对产品收率的影响。实验表明：SO4^2-／TiO2-MoO3是合成丁酮乙二醇缩酮的良好催化剂，在n(酮)：n(醇)=1：1．25，催化剂用量为反应物料总质量的0．5％，环己烷为带水剂，反应时间2．0h的优化条件下，丁酮乙二醇缩酮的收率可迭92．5％。     

四水硫酸锆催化合成环己酮乙二醇缩酮

以四水硫酸锫为催化剂合成了环己酮乙二醇缩酮，并获得了较佳合成条件：环己酮为0．2mol，n(环己酮)：n(乙二醇)=1：1．5(摩尔比)，催化剂用量为1．00g，25mL苯作分水剂，反应时间为2．5h，产率为85．6％，实验结果表明该催化剂具有较高的催化活性，产品纯度可达97．2％(GC分析)。     

H6P2Mo9W9O62/MCM-41催化合成环己酮乙二醇缩酮

目的合成环己酮乙二醇缩酮。方法采用浸渍法制备了H_6P_2Mo_9W_9O_(62)/MCM-41催化剂,并采用FT-IR、XRD对其进行了表征。以环己酮和乙二醇为原料,催化合成环己酮乙二醇缩酮,采用FT-IR表征手段来表征合成产物。结果经反应条件优化,在酮醇摩尔比为1∶1.3,带水剂环己烷用量为8 mL,催化剂用量为反应物总质量的0.8%,反应时间为60 min的条件下,缩酮收率可达82.6%。催化剂重复使用5次后收率仍有73.5%。结论催化剂H_6P_2Mo_9W_9O_(62)/MCM-41对合成环己酮乙二醇缩酮具有反应时间短、催化剂用量少、产品收率高等优点。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.