杭州地区不等厚地层双线隧道洞口施工模拟

随着高等级公路建设的迅猛发展,山区高速公路如今也大量涌现,其选线时往往受各种条件限制,使得上、下行隧道间出现间距较小的情况;而洞口处的工程条件又往往更为复杂,有围岩等级低、覆土厚度浅及各层土层不等厚等特点。杭州地区工程地质条件及地貌形态十分复杂,其中山岭区岩性、岩相更是变化多样,对此种典型条件下的施工模拟研究更有意义。以杭州市紫之隧道南口匝道洞口段为依托,提出了适合杭州地区山岭隧道复杂条件下的施工模拟方法。将模拟结果与监测数据对比分析,证明了模拟方法以及施工工艺的合理性。     

山区高速公路隧道进出口偏压的处治对策

新建的山区高速公路，在复杂的地质和地形地貌条件下，隧道进出口往往处于浅埋偏压地段，由此造成了一系列的工程问题，已引起隧道工程人员的广泛重视。针对不同的地形、地质条件分析了洞口偏压的成因，并提出了相应的处治措施，可为隧道施工提供参考。     

浅谈小导管替代管棚在隧道洞口施工中的效益

山岭地区省道路网改建项目隧道洞口大多处在陡峭山崖上,设计为桥隧相接的工程。在隧道施工准备阶段,洞口施工便道、施工平台的建成是关键。隧道工程开挖掘进至另一端洞口时,一般按设计图纸要求需从另一端洞口进行管棚超前预支护,面对施工环境复杂、便道及施工平台工程量大、施工安全隐患多,影响工程进度的特点,同时施工便道的开挖也将极大地造成山岭地区地表环境的破坏。本文以S217长绩段鸡公关隧道(K4+808^K5+105)进洞口施工实例,阐述超前小导管替代大管棚在隧道洞口施工中的效益。     

富溪连拱隧道出口变形倾倒体仰坡治理工程

汤屯高速公路富溪隧道出口仰坡段岩体破碎,工程地质条件复杂,为一大型强风化岩变形倾倒体,在洞口工程刚开始小量刷坡时即发生大面积滑塌现象,若不采取有效工程措施将无法进行隧道施工。针对洞口变形倾倒体的地质条件,采用坡脚反压、仰坡注浆、喷射混凝土及大管棚等措施进行综合治理;现场监测结果分析表明洞口仰坡治理取得了满意的效果。     

公路隧道洞口段施工的支护方法

根据对我国隧道施工的经验,从隧道洞口段的设计、施工和支护的角度出发,在坚持隧道施工原则的条件下,提出了隧道洞口段施工的支护方法,包括喷射混凝土、锚杆支护、挂钢筋网和刚支撑等方法。采取有效的支护方法及必要的辅助施工措施,同时加强施工管理,科学合理地组织施工,才能达到隧道洞口段施工支护的预期目的。     

论浅埋隧道洞口施工和监控量测

隧道洞口施工是隧道工程安全的关键和前提,大部分洞口地质条件较差、岩层破碎、松散、风化严重、浅埋、偏压等复杂地层经常出现,需要制定安全、科学、合理、经济的专项进洞方案,主要包括施工技术和监控量测两项方案。以福建省永安至武平高速公路(龙岩段)横山隧道为例,介绍了隧道进出口进洞施工的成功经验,为类似工程提供借鉴和参考。     

公路黄土隧道的施工经验

在了解黄土概念及性质的基础上,分析了军山隧道工程概况及地质影响,重点介绍了黄土地质条件下隧道工程洞口、初期支护和二次衬砌的施工经验。     

黄土隧道施工——双侧壁导坑法

在隧道施工中,不可避免地要穿过地质条件复杂,围岩极差的断面,特别是黄土地区松散介质围岩条件下的浅埋隧道及有水条件下地层穿过时,不仅需要保证隧道工程本体施工的安全,还须解决隧道工程冒顶事故对其他设施的影响。静宁隧道在软弱段施工中采用双臂导坑法,在保证施工期间,地表不陷、不塌的前提下,充分利用其对原状土体扰动小,能够有效控制初期支护变形、发挥初期支护的作用,确保了进洞安全及静宁隧道的全线贯通。     

隧道洞口仰坡开裂处理方案探讨

隧道洞口段不良水文地质条件易产生掉块、坍方和冒顶现象，给隧道施工造成极大的安全隐患，也是决定隧道施工成败的关键。本文以二广高速公路某隧道为工程背景，对引起隧道洞口仰坡开裂的工程地质、水文地质和施工因素进行了分析，并制定处理方案，为同类隧道洞口仰坡开裂处理提供参考。     

祁临高速常家山隧道滑坡进洞施工控制

系统地介绍了祁临高速公路常家山隧道滑坡整治及滑坡体内成功进洞采取的措施。为洞口滑坡条件下隧道施工提供了工程实例。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.