汶川地震中紫坪铺混凝土面板堆石坝震害分析

汶川地震中,紫坪铺混凝土面板堆石坝坝坡、面板和结构缝均出现一定程度的破坏,大坝发生了整体变形.根据这些震害现象,结合振动台模型试验和数值分析的成果,从坝坡破坏性态、坝顶加速度反应、面板应力与变形、大坝的地震变形和面板缝的破坏形式几方面讨论了面板堆石坝破坏机理和抗震性能.在此基础上,对面板堆石坝抗震设计的着力点和抗震措施提出了建议:在面板堆石坝抗震设计中,高面板堆石坝上部面板在地震中可能出现的高应力区是着重点之一;应该考虑坝体地震永久变形对面板附加应力的影响;应特别注意坝顶区堆石体的稳定,建议选择钉结护面板加固方案,从而提高地震时坝顶区堆石体的整体稳定性.     

不同夯筑方法的承重夯土墙体抗震性能试验

提出适用于生土结构房屋承重夯土墙体新的施工方法,对采用不同方法夯筑的承重夯土墙体的受力及抗震性能进行试验研究,设计了3个墙体试件,分别采用传统水平分层夯筑、错层夯筑和加销键夯筑。对试件施加竖向荷载和低周反复水平荷载,研究采用不同夯筑方法建造的夯土墙体在地震荷载作用下的破坏过程、破坏形态、滞回曲线和骨架曲线的特征,以及墙体的水平承载力和变形能力等;对比分析不同夯筑方法对夯土墙体水平受力性能和变形性能的影响。研究结果表明,与传统夯筑方法相比,错层夯筑法使墙体的承载和变形能力都得到提高;加销键夯筑使墙体的变形能力得到提高。     

某松散堆积体的地震稳定性模拟分析

某水电站左岸的大型松散堆积体在汶川地震中出现了局部变形破坏,但未产生整体破坏现象。应用FLAC3D软件对该松散堆积体的地震响应进行数值模拟分析,对其在强震作用下的稳定性及变形破坏特点进行分析,表明该堆积体在地震作用下的稳定性良好,只会在局部出现变形破坏,整体失稳的可能性不大,并且模拟结果与地震后该松散堆积体的实际稳定状态一致。     

地震对金沙江金坪子滑坡的稳定性影响分析

金沙江乌东德水电站金坪子滑坡的稳定性对于该水电站的安全运行具有重要意义.为探究地震作用对金坪子滑坡体稳定性的影响,以金坪子滑坡Ⅱ区为例,在滑坡地质模型研究的基础上,运用极限平衡法及动力时程分析法,通过研究滑坡稳定性系数以及滑坡位移、速度、加速度曲线变化,综合研究了滑坡体在天然与加速度峰值为0.1g地震两种状态下的稳定性.分析表明:地震作用下坡体安全系数小于0.8,证明坡体在遭遇地震时可能发生失稳;坡体对地震作用的响应存在一个高程放大效应,坡体变形强度随高程增加而增大;经计算,地震变形峰值发生在6 s时刻,滑坡体最终永久变形位移达26 cm;地震作用下坡体变形的振幅呈循环往复变化,导致坡体内惯性力呈往返运动,降低了岩土体之间摩擦力导致产生的弧形破坏,同时在运动过程中为地下水渗入提供了路径,降低了坡体的稳定性.本文分析成果对研究同类坡体变形具有一定借鉴意义.     

管袋坝芯砂体沿袋间接缝渗透试验研究装置及方法

为了对管袋坝芯砂体在单向流作用下沿袋间接缝渗透变形问题作较深入的研究,提出了一种试验研究装置及试验方法;详细介绍了装置设计原理,装置组成部分;并叙述了试验方法,包括试验材料和试验过程,试验过程主要分为试验准备、试验实施、试验后处理3个步骤;最后,阐述了管袋坝芯砂体在单向流作用下沿袋间接缝渗透变形试验研究基本目标,包括渗透变形机理、渗透变形影响因素、渗透破坏判别方法以及渗透破坏防止措施.     

管袋坝芯砂体沿袋间接缝渗透试验研究装置及方法

为了对管袋坝芯砂体在单向流作用下沿袋间接缝渗透变形问题作较深入的研究,提出了一种试验研究装置及试验方法;详细介绍了装置设计原理,装置组成部分;并叙述了试验方法,包括试验材料和试验过程,试验过程主要分为试验准备、试验实施、试验后处理3个步骤;最后,阐述了管袋坝芯砂体在单向流作用下沿袋间接缝渗透变形试验研究基本目标,包括渗透变形机理、渗透变形影响因素、渗透破坏判别方法以及渗透破坏防止措施.     

大柳树岩体地震纵横波破坏效应与震后变形参数特征

以地震纵、横波的运行分析岩体地震破坏中的拉缍与剪切综合性破坏规律，并分析了岩体震后变形参数之特征。     

强降雨激励下松散岩堆路堑边坡稳定性分析

岩堆是我国西南高山峡谷区常见的不良地质体,其存在对高速公路边坡稳定性提出了严峻挑战。文章依托国家高速公路网规划中南北纵线G85高速公路工程,运用数值模拟的方法研究了深厚岩堆拉锚抗滑桩路堑边坡在自然、强降雨和地震状态下的稳定性,对比分析了岩堆体在自然状态、地震状态与强降雨条件下岩堆体边坡变形破坏特征及锚索轴力变化规律。计算结果表明,开挖对岩堆体变形有较大影响,岩堆体自然状态和暴雨状态下,在无任何加固措施时整体稳定性相对较低;增加抗滑桩和锚索加固后,安全系数均有所提高,潜在滑动面整体向下移至抗滑桩下部,加固作用效果显著。研究成果为岩堆路堑边坡工程设计与施工提供了参考依据。     

长江三峡链子崖危岩体变形特性试验研究

通过地质力学模型试验，探讨了北区危岩体在底部煤层受到大量开采后，各裂为形民政部和在Ⅶ度地震作用下对煤洞采取加固措施后危岩体的工作性态及无加固措施条件下岩体的动力破坏机理。结果表明，煤层大面积采空后，煤柱的压缩变形较大，导致其上部投奔 体朝北倾斜，同时沿Ｒ００１夹层面向北滑动并向西挤压：在Ⅶ度地震作用下，随着煤洞回填率的增加，危岩体的整体得到加强，各裂缝开度也随之减小，动力破坏使顶地体先失稳。     

兰州市桃树坪滑坡应急治理工程设计

在调查兰州市桃树坪滑坡及所在边坡区地质环境背景的基础上,分析和研究了桃树坪滑坡灾害体的分布特征、稳定状态、滑坡体的变形破坏模式及其变形破坏过程,针对该滑坡体的变形破坏机理、灾情及威胁现状,提出对滑坡体的应急治理工程措施,并对治理工程进行了施工设计,最终消除滑坡对其前缘和后缘坡顶居民人民生命财产的威胁,确保居民的生命财产安全。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.