甲醛和甲酸在Pt/Biad电极上的电催化氧化

研究甲醛和甲酸在Pt/Biad电极上的电催化氧化。结果表明,吸附铋原子可以通过几何效应阻止吸附毒性的生成,对甲醛和甲酸的氧化呈现出较好的电催化活性。此外,讨论了Bi(Ⅲ）离子浓度、介质等因素对Pt/Biad电极电催化活性的影响。     

甲酸在表面合金电催化剂上氧化的原位FTIR反射光谱研究

运用原位红外反射光谱(FTIRS)和电化学循环伏安法(CV)研究了甲酸在三种不同电极上的电催化特性．结果表明甲酸在碳栽铂电极(Pt／GC)上的电催化氧化机理与本体铂电极(I^3t)相类似，即可以通过活性中问体或毒性中间体氧化至CO2.Pt／GC对甲酸的氧化比Pt具有更高的电催化活性．Pt／GC表面以Sb吸附原子修饰的电极(Sb—Pt／GC)上，甲酸氧化的起始电位(Ei)提前至-0．10V，氧化电流峰电位(Ep)提前至0．34V，氧化峰电流(jp)值增加了7.28倍，半峰宽(FWHM)为0．30V同样，Surface alloy／GC电极上，E1为-0．12V、Ep为0．32V和jp为7．25mA／cm^2，相对Pt／GC分别负移了0.22V、0．02V和增大了8．15倍，半峰宽(FWHM)为0．5V．表明Sb—Pt／GC和Surface alloy／GC电极不仅能够有效地抑制毒性中间体CO的生成，而且还可以显著地提高其对活性中间体的氧化的电催化活性．     

Pt-Sn电极对有机小分子的电催化氧化动力学参数测定

Pt-Sn电极对甲醇、甲醛和甲酸的电催化氧化具有较高活性。采用循环伏安法测定了Pt电极和Pt-Sn电极上的电催化氧化的部分动力学参数及较浓有机小分子溶液的扩散系数。     

Pt—Sn电极对有机小分子的电催化反应机理分析

通过Pt-Sn电极对有机小分子的电催化氧化的循环伏安图的分析及每一吸附锡原子占据铂原子数的制定，结合文献资料，对Pt-Sn电极上甲醇、甲醛、甲酸的电催化氧化机理进行了分析。     

Pt电极上Sb吸附原子对甲酸电催化氧化性能的影响

运用电化学循环伏安(CV)和电化学原位石英晶体微天平(EQCM)研究了Pt电极表面不可逆吸附Sb原子的电化学特性以及Pt电极上Sb吸附原子对0.1mol·L-1H2SO4溶液中甲酸电催化氧化性能的影响.研究发现,当扫描电位的上限Eu≤0.50V(vs.SCE)时,Sbad可以稳定地吸附在Pt电极表面,饱和覆盖度为0.34;Pt电极表面Sb吸附原子能在较低的电位下吸附氧,可显著提高甲酸电催化氧化活性.与Pt电极相比较,Sb饱和吸附原子修饰的Pt电极使甲酸氧化的峰电流增加了近5倍.     

Sn／Pt[111]修饰电极对甲醇氧化的电催化

将Ｐｔ「１１１」电极分别浸在ＳｎＳＯ４、Ｓｎ（ＳＯ４）２、ＳｎＣＬ４溶液中，形成的Ｓｎ／Ｐｔ「１１１」修饰电极对甲醇氧化的催化效果不一样，当浸渍溶液为Ｓｎ（ＳＯ４）２ａ或ＳｎＣｌ４时，在较高电势（０．８Ｖ以上），Ｓｎ有提高Ｐｔ「１１１」电极的电催化活性，当浸渍溶液为ＳｎＳＯ４时，Ｓｎ却表现出阻碍作用，研究中还发现，吸附了Ｓｎ的Ｐｔ「１１１」电极灼烧后表现出的催化活性超过浸渍形成的Ｓｎ／Ｐｔ「１１１     

甲酸、甲醛、甲醇在铂微粒修饰聚苯胺电极上的氧化行为

采用循环伏安法研究PAN(Pt)电极在不同pH值、不同浓度的甲酸溶液中对甲酸的电催化氧化性能 .并考察了PAN(Pt)对甲酸、甲醛和甲醇的电催化氧化行为 ,发现PAN(Pt)电极对三者均有较高的电催化氧化活性 .它们的CV正向扫描峰值电位分别为 0 .2 8V、0 .75V、0 .70V ,峰值电流密度分别为 330 .4、878.6、735.7mA·cm- 2 .PAN(Pt)电极对甲酸电催化氧化体系的 pH值控制在 0 .7左右为宜 .在 0 .0 1～ 1.0mol·L- 1的甲酸浓度范围内 ,可用PAN(Pt)电极作传感器定量检测甲酸浓度 .     

甲醛在聚苯胺载铂电极上的电催化氧化

通过电化学方法制备以金属钛为基体的聚苯胺载铂电极(Pt/PAn/Ti),并通过扫描电镜和循环伏安法对该电极进行表征.通过研究甲醛在该电极上的电催化氧化行为,考察该电极对甲醛的电催化氧化活性.结果表明:Pt/PAn/Ti电极对甲醛的电催化氧化作用与铂的沉积量有关;PAn的存在使得铂微粒分散程度更好,有效面积更大,与相同铂沉积量的Pt/Ti电极相比,甲醛在其上的正向扫描峰电流密度增加2.3倍,氧化峰电位负移40mV,反向扫描氧化峰电流密度增加5倍,氧化峰电位负移30mV;甲醛在Pt/PAn/Ti电极上正向扫描出现的氧化峰由液相传质过程控制,负向扫描的氧化峰由吸附行为控制.     

Pt电极上S吸附原子对甲酸电催化氧化性能的影响

运用电化学循环伏安(CV)和电化学原位石英晶体微天平(EQCM)研究了Pt电极表面不可逆吸附S原子的电化学特性以及Pt电极上S吸附原子对0．1mol^-1H2SO4溶液中甲酸电催化氧化性能的影响．研究发现，当扫描电位的上限Eu≤O．70V(SCE)时，Sad可以稳定地吸附在Pt电极表面；通过控制电位扫描上限和扫描圈数剥离部份S可方便地得到Sad的不同覆盖度；Pt电极表面S吸附原子的氧化会消耗表面氧物种，抑制了甲酸的电氧化．本文从表面质量变化提供了吸附原了电催化作用的新数据。     

α-呋喃甲醛直接电氧化合成α-呋喃甲酸

报道了在NaOH溶液中,以α-呋喃甲醛为原料,在Ni电极上直接电氧化制备α-呋喃甲酸.研究了Ni电极对α-呋喃甲醛电氧化反应的电催化活性及电流密度、α-呋喃甲醛浓度、NaOH浓度、温度对选择性和电流效率的影响.发现在α-呋喃甲醛浓度为30mmoL/L,电流密度为0.8mA/cm^2,NaOH浓度为0.25mol/L,反应温度为20℃的条件下,α-呋喃甲酸生成的电流效率为46.4%,选择性为79.9%.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.