中国东部大陆地区岩石圈热结构特征

根据最新汇编的热流数据,对我国东部大陆地区岩石圈热结构进行了研究,编制出我国东部大陆地区大地热流图、中国东部大陆莫霍面温度图以及中国东部大陆"热”岩石圈厚度图.在此基础上,对我国东部岩石圈划分出5个\\"热-构造区”:华南、扬子、华北、西伯利亚和松辽.自南向北,它们冷、热相间,并具有各自独特的岩石圈热结构特征.从整体上来讲,我国东部地区热流变化范围大,在30～140mW/m2之间,均值为(61.9±14.8)mW/m2.莫霍面温度多在500～850℃之间,"热”岩石圈厚度多在60～100km左右,岩石圈热结构总体上属于"冷壳热幔”型.中国东部大陆地区岩石圈热结构特征明显受中、新生代不同的深部地球动力学过程所控制.     

汝城干热岩地热资源研究

 汝城热水镇出露98℃天然热泉,该地区深部干热岩地热资源相当可观。通过大量钻孔地温测量和大地热流测试等勘探工作,评估了该地区干热岩地热资源的基本情况。勘探结果表明,研究区内平均地温增温梯度为18.7℃/100 m,最高值达35.2℃/100 m,主要高温钻孔的大地热流量介于60~170 MW/m²,地热资源较为可观。该地热田的热源来自深部岩浆余热,热储主要是F₁、F₃断裂带上盘及其他次级断层派生的密集裂隙系统。区内热水河以东花岗岩体为浅部水热热储盖层;热水河以西震旦系的板岩为深部热源盖层。模拟结果表明,研究区地热田热储层下底面温度为260℃,热储层上顶面温度为255℃,热储层以上厚度为3500~4000 m。汝城地区热储埋藏深度较浅,热储温度较高,是较好的干热岩开发靶区。     

四川盆地北部热史波动模型的建立和应用

基于四川盆地北部沉积波动的特点,结合该区的实际地质特征,在该区初步建立了热史波动模型,并应用该模型结合镜质体反射率古温标对四川盆地的大地热流史演化进行恢复,同时利用磷灰石裂变径迹数据对模拟结果进行检验.模拟实验结果表明:志留纪至二叠纪大地热流值波动上升,波动幅度不大,热流值总体相对较低(50 mW/m2),此阶段热流值的波动主要是在海西构造运动作用下,地壳抬升或下降造成的;二叠纪至早侏罗世,是本区热流值最高阶段,最高可达56mW/m2,并且持续时间达到35 Ma,之后降低;此后大地热流值随时间波动上升.从热史波动曲线可以看出,这些波动主要是各期构造运动作用造成地层的抬升剥蚀而形成的.波动热史模型模拟的结果为该区成藏演化史研究奠定了基础.     

CO2监测分析仪在监测过程中对桥室温度的恒温控制

CO2监测分析仪在监测过程中,CO2监测值的精度是由CO2监测分析仪的桥室参比温度是否恒定而决定的.老式监测分析仪桥室温度是采用断续的双位恒温调节,其温度调节误差大,一般只能在±1℃左右,所以CO2监测值的精度低.采用微机交流调压的CO2监测分析仪桥室恒温调节,其温度调节器采用PID调节,使桥室温度误差可控制在±0.2℃,提高了CO2监测值的监测精度.     

淮北煤田宿临矿区构造——热演化对煤层气生成的控制

采用镜质组反射率古温标和古热流法恢复了淮北煤田宿临矿区晚古生代以来的热史和构造沉降史,并探讨了与煤层气生成和运移的影响．研究区构造一热演化对煤层气的控制可分为三个阶段：（1）热成因气生成阶段：两淮煤田地壳明显加厚、煤层埋深迅速增加（达3000m）,盆地基底热流持续上升并在晚侏罗纪达到峰值（50—81mW·m^-2）,煤层在强烈变形变质作用中经历了较高的古地温（140～180℃）,有利于热成因煤层气生成．（2）气藏破坏阶段：晚侏罗世晚期至白垩纪,两淮煤田进入伸展减薄阶段,地层遭受大量剥蚀,热流值迅速减小,二叠系含煤地层被抬升至近地表甚至出露,原来生成的热成因煤层气大量逸散．（3）次生生物气补充阶段：古近纪之后,构造活动逐渐减弱,盆地恢复沉降、接受沉积,古热流值减小速度变缓,并趋于稳定,煤层一度处在250℃,有利于次生生物气的大量生成．     

潘三井田煤系地层岩石热导率参数特征及大地热流研究

煤系地层岩石热导率是计算大地热流值的主要参数,也是评价地层热量传导特性的重要依据。基于潘三煤矿煤系地层所测定的77块岩石样品的热导率数据,结合区内前人的研究成果,全面分析了井田内岩石热导率参数特征并计算出大地热流值。研究结果表明:井田内煤系地层岩石热导率变化范围为0. 491～4. 583W/(m·K),平均值为2. 64W/(m·K),砂岩的热导率普遍大于泥岩和煤;热导率和深度、密度均表现为正相关关系。井田内平均大地热流值为73. 14mW/m~2,略高于安徽省大地热流平均值,呈现出较高的地热状态。     

任楼煤矿地温特征及在水源判别中的应用

对矿井38个测温孔资料进行分析,确定本区恒温带埋深16 M,恒温带温度为15．5℃, 平均地温梯度为每100 M2．80℃。在此基础上分析了地温特征,建立了地温方程,并运用该方程计算突水含水层水温,与实际出水点水温进行比较,二者一致,对突水水源判别具有指示作用。     

马尾山硫铁矿围岩温度特征及开采层地温计算

根据安徽马尾山硫铁矿矿区三个钻孔地下水的实测温度,分析了矿体围岩温度场的特征。通过温度数据拟合得到了实测地温梯度。结合地下水的运动修正地温梯度,最终计算得到了大地热流和开采层的温度。另外,根据区域地温下延公式对开采层温度进行了计算。计算结果表明,通过修正后的地温梯度计算得到的开采层的温度与应用区域地温下延公式计算得到的温度是一致的。开采层温度略高于安全标准,但不会产生热水危害。     

磷灰石裂变径迹的分析在石油勘探中的初步应用

本文根据东濮凹陷文留地区的三口探井取得的13块岩芯,系统地做了磷灰石裂变径迹的测试。确定文留地区的磷灰石径迹衰退带的上限为2,000m,下限为3,500m。其温度范围为70℃～125℃。通过换算得到该区的古地温梯度,并取得区域的平均古大地热流值。根据测试资料,编制了径迹长度频谱图、绝对年龄与深度关系图。这些基础图对区域的古地温场的解释提供了较可靠的依据。     

岩土热响应测试中地温场的ANSYS模拟

应用ANSYS软件,建立二维的单井单U型传热模型对岩土热响应测试中地温场的分布规律进行模拟,模拟区半径设为5m,模型传热遵循瞬态热分析理论。为了控制精度,使分析结果更符合实际情况,采用智能网格划分,精度控制为3。在PE管内侧施加恒定热流,温度为37.6℃,热流密度为660 W/m2,在模拟区外边界施加恒定温度13。经过72h的测试过程,得出测井周围岩土体的温度分布规律,模拟区内最高温度37.6℃,最低13℃,影响半径约为1m,地温梯度在测井附近最大,离测井越远地温梯度越小。对模拟结果的分析得出,在测试48h时地温场就达到稳定状态,这与实际的测试时间相吻合。又通过模拟和数理统计得出回填料导热系数、岩土体导热系数与影响半径之间的关系。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.