基于比色原理的镁合金燃点测温系统研究

针对传统镁合金燃点测试方法具有的响应速度慢,破坏被测温度场,测温精度低等弊端,提出了一种新型的比色测温系统。介绍了系统的测温原理及结构,提出根据镁合金燃烧时光谱强度出现爆发性增长导致系统两路光辐射电压输出曲线出现拐点来确定镁合金燃点的方法。利用光谱仪测量镁合金燃烧前后的光谱强度,为选取系统带宽和确定系统中心波长提供依据。利用高温黑体校准源M390对比色测温系统进行静态校准,获得系统的静态校准系数,最后利用大功率直流电源作为热源点燃镁合金(AZ80),同时分别利用已标定过的比色测温系统和高速工业级光纤红外变送器OS4000测量镁合金燃点温度,结果表明两者之间的相对误差为0.98%。     

热电偶测温系统误差剖析及处理对策

热电偶是温度测量系统中最常用的传感器之一.通过实际应用中的典型案例,从理论上剖析了热电偶自身、补偿导线、二次仪表等环节在测温过程中产生误差的原因,提出了提高热电偶测温精度的相应对策,以达到为生产过程的温度正确、准确测量提供理论指导的目的,有一定实际意义.     

前置反射器比色高温计的研究

研究了一种改进的比色高温计测量表面温度,测量范围为600~1200℃.将半球型镀金反射器置于比色高温计上,利用多次反射效应,可缩小两个接收波长的有效发射率之间的差异,从而减小比色高温计误差.研究了反射器对焦情况下的辐射特性,推导出有效发射率的表达式.为避免反射器对被测面温度场的破坏,设计了一套快速测量装置,每次测量需时0.7s.为验证其准确性,制作了平片热电偶,直接测量平片热电偶的表面温度.结果显示,与平片热电偶相比,测量误差小于1.1℃.     

一种基于分段拟合的热电偶测温控制方法

热电偶的热电势与温度呈非线性关系,在很大程度上影响了热电偶测量的精度。为了提高热电偶测温控制系统的测量精度,在应用最小二乘法实现热电势和温度特性的线性处理基础之上,通过对不同测温区间的拟合系数的分别优选,提出一种基于分段拟合的热电偶测温控制方法。对该方法进行模拟实验。实验结果表明,该测温控制方法简捷高效,误差可控制在1%之内,可适用于智能仪表和实时控制。     

BP神经网络在加热炉虚拟测温系统中的设计与实现

在大型轧线系统中,钢坯加热是初始工序,加热炉各段温度的控制对钢坯轧制品质有着重要的影响,因此设计一套虚拟测温系统。由该测温系统的计算值跟热电偶测量值相比对,甚至在热电偶损坏的情况下,以虚拟测温值替代热电偶测量值对轧线生产有着重要作用。基于此,设计了以BP神经网络为基础的虚拟测温系统,该系统在莱钢大型轧线加热炉应用以后,取得了良好的效果。     

智能温度监测系统

利用微处理器技术,通过使用查表法对热电偶温度传感器在实际测温过程中由于冷端温度变化产生的误差实现自动补偿,从而提高热电偶测量精度的技术。     

热电偶配用补偿导线测温的误差分析及修正方法

根据热电偶配用补偿导线的测温原理,对测温误差进行了分析,提出了误差的修正方法。     

瞬态表面温度传感器可溯源动态校准方案探索

在瞬态表面温度测量中，温度随时间迅速变化，由于测温传感器感温件的热惯性和有限热传导，测出的温度与实际温度存在差别，即所谓的动态响应误差．为了减少动态响应误差，探索了一种利用可高频调制的高功率CO2激光作为激励源，用脉冲激光加热被校传感器，表面产生一个快速升温的变化温度信号，用高速红外探测器测得的温度信号对被校传感器进行可溯源高温动态校准的新方案．由于前者的频率响应特性优于后者，因此以前者的响应作为真值来校准后者并获取系统误差的修正值使之更接近于真实的温度信号．在实验中经对Butt-Welded热电偶进行动态校准，获取其温度修正值为300℃．     

火箭燃气流温度测量方法的研究

本文介绍了近年来我们研制和使用的一种利用热电偶测量火箭燃气流温度的方法。热电偶的材料为镍铬-镍铝或镍硅。测温上限达1300℃。传感器的时间常数不大于0.033秒。可以快速记录燃气流温度变化曲线。测量精度约为5％-6％。文章介绍了传感器的结构,记录仪器及其标定方法。对各种误差及其修正方法也进行了简要地讨论。     

65Mn钢的光谱发射率研究

在800～1 100 K的温度范围内,采用单波长测温方法,利用自行研制的实验装置,在空气中测量研究了16个不同温度下65Mn钢的光谱发射率随测量时间的变化情况.研究结果表明光谱发射率的共振与65Mn钢的表面氧化情况密切相关.由表面氧化导致光谱发射率的不确定性为5.7%～14.6%,相应的温度误差为6.2～11.1 K.通过建模拟合,同时也得到了光谱发射率随加热时间变化的解析表达式,模拟计算结果与实验结果符合较好.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.