炸药颗粒床中致密波状态方程研究

对一维两相流模型进行简化,引入颗粒守恒假设,建立了炸药颗粒床的定常致密波计算模型.分别使用Tait状态方程和Hayes状态方程,研究了致密波区内的压力、固相体积分数、固相密度、颗粒半径和颗粒数密度的分布.通过比较发现,使用Tait状态方程,固相密度、颗粒半径和颗粒数密度的分布以及它们之间的对应关系与活塞驱动颗粒床产生稳态致密波的过程不相符.结果还表明,大于颗粒材料音速的致密波(超音速致密波),波阵面存在间断;而小于颗粒材料音速的致密波(亚音速致密波),从波前到波后,所有物理参量光滑过度.分析得到了活塞速度、初始体积分数与各物理参量之间的关系.     

空气－水混合物横掠垂直管束流动特性的研究

对空气－水两相混合物在折流板壳管式换热器壳侧沿水平方向横掠垂直管束的截面含气率及摩擦压降进行了实验研究。试验表明，截面含气率的测量值小子均相模型的预测值，且随质量流速的增加而增大，提出了一种新的截面含气率的计算模型。试验发现，两相摩擦因子能很好地与马蒂内利参数关联，并与流型有关。     

Part Thickness Variation during the Vacuum Assisted Resin Infusion Process

An experimental procedure was designed to monitor the preform thickness change real-time throughout the vacuum assisted resin infusion( VARI) process. Two kinds of liquid with different viscosity were infused with different post-filling time. The variation of the part thickness during the VARI process was studied. And the effect of the post-filling time on the part thickness was investigated.The results indicate that the compaction behavior of the preform can be divided into three stages,and the fiber volume fraction varies with the post-filling time in a similar sinusoid form. In addition,the post-filling should be overtime for the greatest fiber volume fraction,and when the resin is infused with higher viscosity,the greatest fiber volume fraction is higher.     

欧拉颗粒流模型下的近床面风沙跃移速度分布特征

风沙运动中沙粒速度是风沙物理学研究的重要内容,为反映风沙流运动中沙粒相浓度变化及沙粒的速度分布,从多相流的角度出发,运用二维欧拉颗粒两相流模型对风沙的流动过程进行模拟.通过对比实验中沙粒的体积浓度随高度的变化,验证了模型的准确性,并在此基础上对沙相的运动信息进行统计分析,得到近床面风沙流的沙相速度分布.统计结果表明:在风沙跃移过程中,沙粒体积分数随高度的变化呈指数衰减,并在近地面附近出现浓度饱和层,饱和层沙粒体积分数的数量级为10-7,且在饱和层上方浓度衰减加快.通过对体积分数大于等于10-7的沙粒速度信息进行统计,得到不同时刻沙相速度分布,并给出相应的速度分布概率密度函数.     

井口注汽参数对注汽效果影响分析

利用气液两相流理论和传热学原理建立了注蒸汽井井筒的温度场分布模型及井筒压力分布计算模型,编制了温度、压力分布相关的计算程序.对影响注蒸汽热力采油效果的主要参数进行了敏感性分析,通过分析得出:影响注汽效果的主要因素是蒸汽的质量流量和井口干度,研究结论将为优化蒸汽吞吐热力采油提供一定的理论支持.     

泥层高度对细粒全尾浓密规律的影响

 深锥浓密机是膏体制备的关键设备,而泥层高度影响着浓密机内部料浆沉降速度和压密浓度。通过量筒静态沉降试验发现,扰动区料浆沉降速度最快,无明显规律;沉降区料浆高度越高,沉降速度越快;压密区为匀速沉降。采用动态搅拌装置,对不同泥层高度料浆浓密规律进行探究。结果表明,当泥层高度一定时,料浆浓度的变化速率随着压密时间的增加而逐渐减小,6h内料浆浓度变化最快,压密效率最高,当压密时间达到12h时,极限质量分数变化很小;在相同压密时间下,不同泥层高度下料浆极限质量分数范围为71.23%—74.43%。经分析,该料浆质量分数达到70%以上时,极限质量分数值与高径比呈线性正相关。因此,泥层高度是影响底流浓度大小的一个重要因素。     

油气分离器内整流元件分离流场的数值模拟

为探讨分离器内整流元件的性能优劣,应用标准к-ε模型和多相混合模型,对油气分离器内整流元件分离流场进行了三维数值模拟.通过比较含有4种不同整流元件的分离器内部流场中速度矢量和各相体积分数分布,并与没有整流元件的分离流场进行对比,得到了不同构件的整流特性.研究结果表明,整流元件具有稳定流场、降低流速、抑制涡流的优点,其中田字型板整流元件效果最优,横向平行板次之,而同心圆筒板整流元件的整流效果较差.     

环管反应器内液固两相流的数值模拟

为了对环管反应器内液固两相的流动形态进行研究,建立以颗粒动力学为基础的Euler-Euler双流体模型。在浆液流速远大于自由沉降速度的情况下,模拟不同浆液入口速度时的环管反应器上升段压力降,同时对管道内液固两相流中的一些重要参数进行数值研究：在入口液固两相体积分布均匀的情况下,环管反应器上升段、弯管段以及下降段液固两相体积分布和液固两相速度均不一样,在弯管段由于离心力引起管道内二次流,使得固相颗粒甩向弯管的外侧壁,引起固相体积分数在弯管外侧壁明显增大,管道内固体颗粒相分布不均。在浆液速度v=3m.s-1时,液相和固相的速度有一定的速度差,随着入口速度增大,速度差变小;当浆液速度v=7m.s-1时,固体颗粒相速度分布与液相速度基本相同,两者之间的滑移速度可以忽略。计算结果与传统经验公式的比较表明模型能有效地描述环管反应器内压力降和反应器内浆液流动形态。     

叶片开槽对轴流泵空化性能的影响

为探究开槽叶片对轴流泵空化性能的影响,以350ZQ-70-H型潜水轴流泵为研究对象,对其不同空化余量下的流场进行定常和非定常数值模拟,对比分析原模型与改进后模型的速度矢量分布、压力分布、内部空泡体积分数及空泡体积变化等.结果表明:开槽叶片可以改善轴流泵的效率和扬程,提升轴流泵性能;开槽叶片增大了叶片进口处流动面积,降低了叶片进口处流速,使得轴流泵叶轮内压力的分布得到改善,从而对空化产生抑制作用;在空化的各个阶段里,开槽模型的空泡体积分数分布均有所降低,其中空化初始阶段最为明显,相比原模型下降了30.4%,有效抑制了空化的发展,空化性能明显提升.     

Study on Airflow Field of Condensing Zone in Compact Spinning System with Perforated Drum

Negative pressure plays a very important role in compact spinning system. To know airflow field and its distribution is helpful to look into the condensing principle of fiber bundle. Therefore, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software was used to simulate airflow field in this paper. Airflow velocity distributions both in different fiber layers and under different negative pressures were discussed. The results indicate that airflow velocity in upper layer of the fiber bundle is greater than that in lower layer.Airflow velocities in both X and Y axis directions have a positive correlation with negative pressure. It can provide a theoretical base to make high quality compact yarns in productive practice.     

气流槽聚型长纤维紧密集聚纺纱系统流场模拟与分析

采用SolidWorks软件建立气流槽聚型长纤维紧密集聚纺纱系统集聚区的流场计算模型,然后运用Gambit软件进行网格划分,最后应用Fluent软件对集聚区进行流场模拟和数值计算,得出流场的静压和速度分布规律.研究结果表明:纤维束的干扰或阻挡使凹槽内部的流场速度等高线和压强等高线被分割;x,y和z轴向速度的变化规律各异,且共同完成对纤维束的气流集聚作用;气流负压值不宜过大,避免纤维束被过早吸附造成缠绕影响集聚效果.     

Effects of Fiber Volume Fraction on Damping Properties of Three-Dimensional and Five-Directional Braided Composites

The effects of fiber volume fraction on damping properties of carbon fiber three-dimensional and five-directional( 3D-5Dir)braided carbon fiber / epoxyres in composite cantilever beams were studied by experimental modal analysis method. Meanwhile,carbon fiber plain woven laminated / epoxy resin composites with different fiber volume fraction were concerned for comparison. The experimental result of braided specimens shows that the first three orders of natural frequency increase and the first three orders of the damping ratios of specimens decrease, when the fiber volume fraction increases. Furthermore,larger fiber volume fraction will be valuable for the better anti-exiting property of braided composites,and get an opposite effect on dissipation of vibration energy. The fiber volume fraction is an important factor for vibration performance design of braided composites. The comparison between the braided specimens and laminated specimens reveals that 3D braided composites have a wider range of damping properties than laminated composites with the same fiber volume fractions.     

Liquid Flow in Shaped Fiber Bundle

By computation and comparison of the critical spreading coefficient parameter, it was found that shaped fiber bundle is better for wetting. Liquid-air interface tension of liquid arising the shaped fiber bundle body is considered as one critical factor besides liquid viscosity, inertia force and liquid-fiber interface tension. Experimental result simulation demonstrated that the liquid-air interface tension is correlated with the geometric size of the liquid arising in body, Φ0 （x） and which is affected by the cross sectional shape of fiber and the radius of single fiber. The shaped fiber bundle model is/ntroduced to/nvestigate liquid flow in fiber assembly. The model is generated based on a random function for stochastic forming of fibers in bundle and it is necessary to combine this fundamental model with physical explanation for investigation of liquid flow in fiber assembly.     

深海采矿储料罐输送设备固液两相流数值计算与分析

针对深海采矿所使用的水泵与储料罐组合的矿石输送设备在矿石输送过程中矿石输送浓度难以控制,不利于矿石稳定和持续输送等问题,基于Fluent软件中的Euler-Euler模型,采用SIMPLE算法和标准k-ε湍流模型对储料罐输送设备内固液两相流进行数值计算和分析.计算结果表明:储料罐内的矿石在inlet1的水射流冲击和自身重力作用下能顺利进入输送管道,在inlet2水射流的卷吸和不断紊动稀释作用下,在出口处能得到稳定持续的矿浆流.同时,仿真结果表明:矿石体积分数随粒径增大而变小,当矿石粒径在5～10 mm范围内时矿石输送的体积分数保持在10％左右;随着储料罐内矿石堆积高度增加,矿石输送体积分数有所增大,但增大的幅度很小;随着inletl速度增大,矿石输送体积分数也相应升高,两者之间呈良好的线性关系,因此通过阀门控制inletl的水流速度就可以实现对矿石输送体积分数的控制;最后通过实验验证该输送设备的可行性,并进一步验证通过控制inletl入口速度控制矿石输送体积分数.     

Stability in channel flow with fiber suspensions

The constitutive equation of fiber suspensions is established on the basis of fiber orientation tensors. The modified Orr-Sommerfeld stability equation is obtained further and numerically solved by aid of spectral method and finite difference method. The computational results of channel flow without fibers agree well with the experimental data with a higher degree of accuracy than previous numerical results. The results of the channel flow with fiber suspensions indicate that the presence of fibers attenuates the instability of flow, increases the critical Reynolds number, reduces the growth rate of perturbations and narrows the range of unstable waves. The extent of the effect of fibers on the flow stability is in direct proportion to the volume fraction and aspect-ratio of the fibers.     

连铸喷嘴气路加速环对喷嘴出口处液相运动与分布的影响

为获得更好的高速连铸二冷区铸坯冷却效果,本文提出在气-水雾化喷嘴气路通道内增设加速环装置。根据生产工艺条件,利用Fluent软件建立了优化前后气-水雾化喷嘴的三维气-液两相流模型,分析了喷嘴进水压力和进气压力对喷嘴出口处液相速度和液相体积分数分布的影响。结果表明,本文计算条件下,当喷嘴进水压力一定时,随着进气压力的增加,喷嘴出口处液相速度显著增大,液相体积分数呈减小趋势;当喷嘴进气压力一定,随着进水压力的增加,喷嘴出口处液相速度减小,液相体积分数整体呈增大的趋势;相同工况条件下,喷嘴气路设置加速环后,喷嘴出口处的液相速度分布较优化前更稳定,液相分布均匀性得到改善。     

对熔喷气流拉伸一维数学模型的改进研究

改进了Shambaugh等提出的熔喷气流拉伸一维数学模型,考虑了聚合物熔体密度和比定压热容随温度变化时的情况,引入了幂律流体本构方程,并讨论了聚合物体积流量等参数对纤维直径的影响.     

Study on the Improvement in the One Dimensional Mathematical Model of the Air Drag in Melt Blowing Process

The one dimensional mathematical model of the air drag in melt blowing process, which had been put forward by Uyttendaele and Shambaugh is improved. The influence of the density and the specific heat capacity of polymer melt at constant pressure changing with polymer temperature on fiber diameter are studied. The power - law model is introduced as the constitutive equation. The influences of polymer volume flow rate, initial polymer temperature, initial air velocity and initial air temperature on fiber diameter are discussed.     

固液搅拌槽内桨叶启动过程中的两相流动特性

将折射率匹配技术与粒子图像测速技术结合,测量了固液搅拌槽内桨叶启动过程中的两相流动特性。实验所用搅拌槽为平底方槽,搅拌桨为45°四斜叶桨,桨叶搅拌雷诺数389~2 332,固体颗粒的最大体积分数15%。实验考察了桨叶操作方式、搅拌转速和固含率对搅拌槽内瞬态颗粒分布和颗粒床层处瞬时流场的影响规律,结果表明：相同转速下桨叶为上提操作时流体对颗粒床层的侵蚀作用强于下压操作,颗粒开始悬浮的时间早,但悬浮高度较低;随着搅拌转速的增加,流体对颗粒床层的侵蚀作用增强,体系达到稳态后搅拌槽内颗粒云的均一度和高度也出现上升趋势;固含率从5%增加至15%时,搅拌槽内悬浮起的颗粒数量增加;流体侵蚀颗粒床层的临界速度范围在0.1~0.25 m/s。     

纤维取向与打团效应对玄武岩纤维增强复合材料拉伸性能的影响

 基于Tsai理论,针对纤维体积掺加率为0.6%、0.9%、1.2%、1.5%,纤维取向角为0°、15°、30°、45°的玄武岩纤维-环氧树脂复合材料（BFRP）进行了轴向拉伸强度实验研究,并引入纤维均分系数和打团纤维含量表征玄武岩纤维在环氧树脂中的打团效应,建立打团纤维的细观力学模型与几何模型,对BFRP的拉伸强度进行了数值计算对比分析。结果表明,纤维体积掺加率一定时,BFRP的拉伸强度随纤维取向角的增大而减小,纤维取向角一定时,BFRP的拉伸强度随纤维体积掺加率的增大而增大;纤维均分系数随纤维体积掺加率的增大而减小,打团纤维含量随纤维体积掺加率的增大而增大;纤维打团效应的存在,导致了BFRP的纤维临界体积掺加率较纤维均分时有所增大,降低了玄武岩纤维对环氧树脂基材拉伸强度的增强幅度;考虑纤维打团效应的BFRP拉伸强度计算值与实验结果接近。