超声-Fenton去除垃圾渗滤液的反应动力学

为研究US-Fenton去除垃圾渗滤液的TOC去除速率,采用超声-Fenton联用技术处理垃圾渗滤液,研究运行模式,初始p H值、试剂比、H2O2用量和初始浓度等对超声-Fenton联用技术的影响。结果表明序批式超声-Fenton运行模式获得最高的TOC去除率;结合运行成本、反应速率常数和TOC去除率,US-Fenton处理垃圾渗滤液的最佳条件为:初始p H为3,试剂比为5,[H2O2]/[TOC0]为2,初始浓度为600mg/L。此时,TOC,COD和BOD5去除率分别为77.8%,89.0%和80.6%,并发现最终产物中甲酸、乙酸和草酸占COD的比例为23.8%。     

Fenton法去除垃圾渗滤液TOC的动力学研究

采用修正后一级反应动力学模型拟合Fenton法处理垃圾渗滤液结果,研究初始pH值、试剂比、H2 O2用量、初始浓度和温度等因素对动力学常数的影响并优化反应参数.结果表明：在考虑运行成本情况下,Fenton法处理渗滤液的最佳去除率为70.3%,此时反应条件初始pH值为3,[H2O2]/[TOC0]为4,[H2O2]/[Fe2+]为5,反应温度为室温.     

pH值对催化湿法氧化降解垃圾渗滤液的影响

研究了不同初始pH值对催化湿法氧化降解垃圾渗滤液总有机碳(TOC)去除率的影响及其原因, 分析了催化剂溶解与反应液pH值变化的对应关系, 并利用Elovich方程描述了降解反应的动力学过程, 建立了速率常数k值与初始pH值之间的关系.     

臭氧与超声耦合提高垃圾渗滤液的降解效率

分别采用单独臭氧(O3)、单独超声(US)和臭氧与超声耦合(O3&US)的方法对垃圾渗滤液进行降解,考察垃圾渗滤液浓度、酸碱环境、电导率、阴阳离子对方法O3&US降解垃圾渗滤液的影响.结果表明:相同条件下,方法O3&US对垃圾渗滤液的降解能力高于方法O3和方法US.随垃圾渗滤液浓度的增大,方法O3&US的降解效果呈现趋势是先增强后降低.在垃圾渗滤液初始COD为300 mg/L时,方法O3&US降解效果最优,其COD、氨氮、总氮去除率分别是46.8％、38.8％、44.3％.碱性条件能提高方法O3&US降解能力,酸性条件则会起抑制作用.垃圾渗滤液电导率提高,方法O3&US对垃圾渗滤液降解能力降低.阴离子HCO3-和CO2-3会抑制方法O3&US中羟基自由基的生产,降低降解能力,且CO2-3的抑制作用大于HCO3-的.     

氯离子对电解氧化处理难降解垃圾渗滤液的影响

以循环式准好氧垃圾渗滤液为主要研究对象,探讨了渗滤液中氯离子对有机物电解去除效果的影响.实验结果表明,在一定条件下,渗滤液中难降解有机物的电解去除率随氯离子浓度的增加而增大.氯离子初始浓度和渗滤液COD等工艺条件对氯离子的作用效果有一定的影响.氯离子初始浓度在较低的范围内时氯离子对COD的去除比电耗的影响作用较明显,当渗滤液中氯离子初始浓度大于12.5 g/L时,COD的去除比电耗随氯离子初始浓度的增加变化不大;在电解处理低COD渗滤液时氯离子初始浓度对有机物降解效果的影响作用更明显.     

US/Oxone/Co~(2+)氧化工艺处理垃圾渗滤液的研究

采用低强度超声强化Oxone/Co~(2+)氧化工艺(US/Oxone/Co~(2+))处理COD为1116 mg/L、SS为17mg/L、色度为300倍、TOC为29.04mg/L、pH值为8.17的垃圾渗滤液,以COD的去除率为主要指标,探讨了pH、反应温度、[Oxone]/[Co~(2+)]、试剂投加量、超声强度、反应时间、试剂投加方式对处理效果的影响.结果表明:在超声功率为50 W、频率为40kHz、强度为60%,[Oxone]为3mmol/L、[Oxone]/[Co~(2+)]为500 000、pH为9.0、反应初始温度为25℃、反应时间35min、Oxone投加次数为6的最佳条件下,垃圾渗滤液的COD,TOC,SS和色度去除率分别达到63.74%、59.46%、69.35%和83.33%.     

超声辐照降解MC-RR动力学的影响因素

利用超声辐照技术降解水中微囊藻毒素-RR(MC-RR),考察MC-RR初始质量浓度、超声频率、初始pH值、声能密度以及水中几种典型阴离子对降解效果的影响并探讨其动力学机理。HPLC检测结果表明:超声辐照能有效降解MC-RR且与初始质量浓度无关;超声频率改变水中空化泡分布和特性,影响反应速率;pH值改变MC-RR存在形态和亲疏水性,pH从1.90到12.21变化时,降解速率常数k由0.400min-1降至0.082min-1;CO32-能阻碍MC-RR的降解,但NO3-,SO42-和Cl-对其无影响,其反应速率常数由大到小为:CO32-,NO3-,Cl-,SO24-;声能密度的提高对去除有利;反应符合准一级动力学。     

交变电絮凝处理某垃圾填埋场渗滤液的试验研究

以镇江某垃圾填埋场垃圾渗滤液为研究对象,利用试验分析影响交变电絮凝处理垃圾渗滤液的主要因素:处理时间、电流密度、电极距离、初始pH值、氯离子初始浓度等;并通过正交实验法计算影响因素对COD去除效果影响大小的顺序为:电流密度>处理时间>pH值>氯离子初始浓度;且得到交变电絮凝处理高COD浓度的最佳处理方案。     

超声降解水溶性偶氮染料甲基橙的实验研究

文章以水溶性偶氮染料甲基橙为对象,进行了超声降解实验研究.实验结果表明,甲基橙初始体积质量、溶液体系pH值及超声时间对甲基橙降解效果均有影响,并通过实验证明,甲基橙的超声降解途径为自由基氧化,且甲基橙分子结构中-N=N-显色基团断裂程度较苯环的断裂程度明显.     

超声-Fenton试剂耦合降解水中苯酚的研究

采用超声-Fenton试剂耦合法降解水中的苯酚．单因素考察了反应时间、超声功率、Fenton试剂中H2O2和Fe^2＋的浓度配比、初始pH值以及反应温度对苯酚降解率的影响；采用正交实验法，得到各因素影响显著性的先后顺序为：Fenton试剂中H2O2与Fe^2＋的浓度配比、超声功率、反应时间、初始pH值；优化了降解反应的工艺条件：常压、30℃时，在超声频率为40kHz、超声功率为400W、H2O2和Fe^2＋的浓度分别为60mmol／L和1．2mmol／L、反应时间为10min、初始pH值为3的最佳条件下处理100mg／L的苯酚溶液，其降解率可达99．5％,在最佳工艺条件下对超声-Fenton降解苯酚的动力学研究发现：反应符合表观一级反应动力学，研究表明：超声-Fenton试剂耦合法明显优于二者的简单叠加，能够显著地缩短反应时间，提高苯酚的降解率。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with