潜江凹陷下第三系粘土矿物特征及控制因素

针对江汉盐湖盆地油气生成和运移聚集、成藏模式和油藏特征等具有特殊性，而且砂泥岩的粘土矿物组成及分布特征也不同于中国陆相淡水盆地等问题，运用x光衍射、扫描电镜、电子探针技术对江汉盆地潜江凹陷粘土矿物种类、形态、化学成分、分布及古水介质进行了研究，阐明了江汉盆地潜江凹陷下第三系粘土矿物的特征主要受盐湖沉积总环境的控制，局部地区与成岩作用、构造活动和沉积物源有关。     

江汉盐湖盆地油气形成与运聚特征

为厘清陆相盐湖盆地油气形成和运聚特征，以江汉盆地潜江凹陷潜江组为研究对象，通过岩芯分析的古生物、地球化学测试数据等，恢复盐湖古环境，分析盐湖沉积特征，厘定烃源岩发育及其演化特征，探讨油气排烃及运聚特征。研究结果表明，盐湖干湿交替周期变化的古气候，造成了湖盆咸淡交替，形成了碎屑岩、碳酸盐岩、蒸发岩有规律地韵律沉积，沉积岩性为成分复杂的混积岩；盐湖优质烃源岩发育在咸淡转化期，盐湖烃源岩演化相对滞后，发育未熟低熟油演化阶段；特殊的盐湖沉积特征导致了烃源岩排烃效率低，形成了规模巨大的烃源岩油藏；油气主要沿侧向运移，常规砂岩油藏具有顺层、近源、砂控、源控的特点。陆相盐湖盆地的沉积、油气形成与运聚特征与海相或淡水湖盆具有明显差异性，在勘探中应当引起重视。     

济阳坳陷陆相断陷盆地不整合的油气输导方式及性能

通过研究济阳坳陷不整合结构地质特征,并结合已发现地层油藏油气输导过程剖析,分析不整合的油气输导方式及性能.结果表明:陆相断陷盆地不整合结构层主要由砂、泥岩组成并各具特征,不整合面上下砂泥岩对接组合可分为砂/砂、砂/泥、泥/砂、泥/泥等4种型式,这些组合型式在平面上具有一定的分布规律;不同的组合型式控制着不整合的油气输导方式,其中砂/砂型控制着不整合的垂向输导方式,砂/泥型、泥/砂型则控制着不整合的横向输导方式;不整合结构中的渗透层横向连续性差,使得不整合横向输导油气范围具有较大的局限性;对一些圈源距离较远的地层油藏进行预测,要特别重视不整合结构型式及其与断层、骨架砂体等的配合作用.     

东营凹陷沙四段深水成因蒸发岩特征及其与油气藏的关系

东营凹陷沙四段广泛发育的蒸发岩在剖面上与暗色泥岩、页岩和深水浊积砂体呈明显的韵律层。在平面上 ,蒸发岩主要分布于凹陷中北部深大断裂带附近 ,即断陷湖盆沉降中心陡坡一侧。东营凹陷沙四段蒸发岩类的盐源是深部古老地层中的盐类物质 ,凹陷中北部相同沉积深大断裂是沟通凹陷与地壳深部盐类物质的通道。对东营凹陷沙四段盐湖研究还发现 ,硬石膏岩发育有数量可观的晶间孔 ,并在其中见荧光显示 ,说明与生油岩共生的深层硬石膏岩具有较好的储集性能 ,且具有优先储集油气的便利条件 ,有望成为含盐地层全新的勘探目标     

东濮凹陷北部沙三段泥页岩岩相特征

东濮凹陷北部沙三段泥页岩厚度大、分布广,具有良好的页岩气生烃潜力;但陆相湖盆泥页岩非均质性强,不同岩相生烃能力和储集性能差异较大。为厘清不同岩相的含油气性特征,通过偏光显微镜、X衍射等手段研究泥页岩微观岩相类型,发现东濮凹陷北部沙三段主要发育块状粉砂质泥岩相、纹层状膏质泥岩相、纹层状灰质泥岩相三种典型岩相及多种过渡岩相。通过对比不同泥页岩相地球化学特征、荧光特征、试油试气数据,发现深湖-半深湖环境中的纹层状灰质泥岩相是页岩油气赋存的优势岩相。     

四川盆地上三叠统须四段和须五段沉积相

为了从整个四川盆地的视角来研究上三叠统须家河组在全盆地内的演化特征,根据须家河组最近新建立的等时地层格架,在重新厘定大量岩心、录井和测井数据的基础上,结合单井相和连井相,着重分析了须家河组须四段和须五段地层和砂体的展布及演化特征,并对其沉积相进行了细致的研究.通过研究认为,须四段主要为灰黄色、灰白色厚层中细砂岩,发育三角洲平原沉积和三角洲前缘沉积;须五段主要为灰黑色、深灰色泥页岩夹褐灰色中薄层粉砂岩,普遍夹可采煤层或煤线,发育滨浅湖沉积.须四段的厚层砂体具有良好的储集性能,须五段不但是重要的烃源岩系,也是优质的盖层;须四段和须五段具有良好的储盖组合,且有较大的勘探潜力.     

东营凹陷沙四段深水成因蒸发岩特征及其与油气藏的关系

东营凹陷沙四段广泛发育的蒸发岩在剖面上与暗色泥岩、页岩和深水浊积砂体呈明显的韵律层。在平面上,蒸发岩主要分布于凹陷中北部深大断裂带附近,即断陷湖盆沉降中心陡坡一侧。东营凹陷沙四段蒸发岩类的盐源是深部古老地层中的盐类物质,凹陷中北部相同沉积深大断裂是沟通凹陷与地壳深部盐类物质的通道。对东营凹陷沙四段盐湖研究还发现,硬石膏岩发育有数量可观的晶间孔,并在其中见荧光显示,说明与生油岩共生的深层硬石膏岩具有较好的储集性能,且具有优先储集油气的便利条件,有望成为含盐地层全新的勘探目标。     

辽东湾盆地沙河街组湖相白云岩成因研究

辽东湾盆地古近系沙河街组产有一套分布仅限于深凹陷内的深湖相白云岩,岩性主要为泥-微晶白云岩,物质组分以铁白云石为主,在深湖相暗色泥岩中呈很薄的夹层产出,累计厚度6～10 m,产出位置明显受区域内辽中凹陷西界的北北东向基底断裂控制.通过系统的沉积学、岩石学、矿物学和地球化学特征研究,以及与酒西盆地青西坳陷下沟组热水白云岩成因特征对比,认为发育于旅大地区深凹陷内的沙河街组深湖相白云岩也属于罕见的湖相热水沉积岩.     

库车拗陷A气田砂泥岩互层构造裂缝发育规律

从构造裂缝的形成机制出发,对库车拗陷A气田砂泥岩互层中构造裂缝的发育规律进行了探讨,分析了其影响因素,并建立了砂泥岩互层构造裂缝发育模型.分析认为,受砂岩脆性特征和泥岩韧塑性特征的影响,砂泥岩互层中的构造裂缝首先在砂岩层中产生,并逐渐向泥岩层扩展形成裂缝网络.脆性岩层较塑性岩层更易产生大量裂缝,因此,在砂泥岩互层中砂岩层的裂缝密度大于泥岩层,同时,由于砂岩和泥岩内摩擦角的差异,裂缝在砂岩层中的平均倾角也大于泥岩层.单个砂岩层或泥岩层的厚度越小,对裂缝的发育越有利.强非均质性地层较均质地层裂缝更为发育,但共轭剪破裂中的一组裂缝会受到抑制,而以另一组裂缝为主.库车拗陷A气田砂泥岩互层中泥岩层的厚度小于4.0m的裂缝穿透极限值,表明裂缝可以穿透泥岩层将砂岩层连通,形成大段连续的油气储集空间.最后,根据理论分析建立了砂泥岩互层构造裂缝的发育模型.     

东濮凹陷沙河街组盐岩分布规律及成因分析

借助野外地质调查、室内盆地模拟及钻井、录井、测井和三维地震资料解释等方法,对东濮凹陷盆地构造演化历史及构造控制盐岩的分布规律进行分析,对盐岩成因及识别标志进行探讨,研究结果表明:自古近系沙河街组沉积以来,研究区地层埋深逐渐增加,至渐新世末,地层有小幅抬升后又整体下沉,在此基础上盆地内沉积形成一套由盐岩夹泥岩、含膏泥岩及白云质泥岩等组成的沙河街组含盐韵律;构造控制盐岩分布规律,沙一段盐岩主要分布在东部次凹的王称固-梨园成盐区和西部次凹的柳屯成盐区、胡状成盐区以及中央构造带的户部寨-王楼成盐区、文留南成盐区、梁庄-八公桥成盐区;最后分别从构造、古地理环境、古生物和古气侯方面论证了东濮凹陷沙河街组盐岩为高山深盆成因,同时提出了盐岩的地层和地球物理测井识别标志.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.