一种面向对象的遥感影像多尺度分割方法

高分辨率遥感影像中丰富的空间结构信息和地理特征信息提取需要在多种不同的尺度下进行,而传统的基于像素光谱特征的影像分割和单尺度影像信息提取方法在这方面存在明显的缺陷.基于区域的面向对象影像分析方法,为高分辨率遥感影像信息提取提供了新的思路,其关键的核心问题在于实现对高分辨率遥感影像的多尺度分割.本文提出了一种基于相邻影像区域合并异质性最小的面向对象多尺度分割算法.影像分割试验结果表明:该方法可以根据任意特定尺度下的影像分析任务或任意感兴趣尺度的地物目标,调整影像分割的尺度参数,从而获得特定尺度下感兴趣的影像区域(对象)作为后续面向对象影像分析和应用的基础.     

基于面向对象的热带林分类方法研究

【目的】为了加强热带林资源的保护,采用遥感技术对热带林植被进行分类研究。【方法】基于SPOT6高分辨率遥感影像,采用ESP多尺度分割评价模型与专家知识结合的方法确定最优分割尺度参数,在分割的基础上充分挖掘目标地物的光谱、形状及纹理信息,合理选择分类特征组合,建立分类规则,构建了一套基于面向对象的热带林多尺度分类方法。【结果】与单一尺度的分类方法相比,该方法分类精度有明显提高,分类总体精度达到84.46%,并且缩短了传统目视确定最优分割参数的时间,提高了分割效率和精度。【结论】基于面向对象的多尺度分类方法能够实现高精度的热带林植被信息提取,可为遥感分类技术在热带林的应用提供参考。     

面向对象的多层次规则分类地物遥感信息提取方法试验分析研究

监测土地覆盖变化是目前高分辨率遥感的重要应用领域，城市覆盖地物变更速度快、地物类型复杂，使用传统方法提取监测难度较大。针对此问题，选择云南省大理白族自治州上官镇为研究区，以GF-2 PMS遥感影像为数据源；采用面向对象的方法对研究区进行最优分割尺度分割，选取最优特征组合用于构建模糊分类规则，分层次进行地物提取，最终获得研究区地物类型分布图。运用混淆矩阵方法进行精度评价，面向对象的多层次规则分类法提取分类效果良好，分类总体精度达79.95%,Kappa系数为0.74。与基于像元的分类方法和单一尺度下面向对象的提取分类法相比，面向对象的多层次规则分类法精度明显提高，说明本方法运用于复杂地物提取分类具有较好可行性。     

基于最优特征空间构建的随机森林算法在WorldView-2影像分类中的适用性研究

目前面向对象的分类研究中,对于研究区影像的分割尺度问题多以试验者的多次试验以及主观推断为主,缺乏定量化的评价标准。同时,在对遥感影像分类的算法选择以及在分类过程中,有效特征空间的选取均存在一定程度的主观性。针对遥感影像面向对象分类过程中分割尺度选择盲目及分类空间构造主观性较强的问题,以World View-2遥感影像数据为例,首先利用改进的全局最优分割尺度的方法获取研究区影像的最优分割尺度,在此基础上选取了研究区分割对象的48个特征,利用OOB误分率对各个特征的重要性排序;然后按重要性顺序以5为步长讨论特征数量对分类精度的影响,构建了用于分类的最优特征空间;最后将采用最优特征空间的随机森林算法获得的最佳分类结果,与面向对象的最邻近像元、决策树以及支持向量机分类算法进行了比较。结果表明,用于分类的特征数量与分类精度之间,并不是简单的正相关关系;与面向对象的最邻近像元、决策树以及支持向量机分类算法相比,利用最优特征空间进行随机森林分类的分类精度最高,表明该方法更适合于高分辨率World View-2数据的分类。     

基于最小异质性区域生长法的多尺度城市地物影像分割

遥感影像分割是面向对象影像分类中的关键技术.针对地物景观的多尺度效应与高分辨率影像的高空间分辨率特征研究了多尺度分割与多特征最小异质性准则,分析了其有效性及可行性.基于区域生长的原理与方法,采用多尺度分割与最小异质性算法,对不同分辨率遥感影像和地物类型的样区进行分割技术的应用实践,分析总结了分割参数与影像特征参数的关系和各种参数的确定方法.     

基于面向对象方法的天津市滨海新区湿地信息提取

基于天津市滨海新区2021年的Sentinel-2遥感影像数据,针对传统遥感影像湿地分类的不确定性问题,选择了面向对象分层分类的方法。采用面向对象多尺度分割算法,依据地物光谱异质性特征将遥感影像分割为光谱相似的对象,再结合不同地物的光谱指数、空间几何特征、纹理特征构建层次模型,分层提取湿地信息。分类效果同随机森林分类方法相比较,结果表明：利用面向对象的分层分类方法总体分类精度达到91.75%,Kappa系数为0.91,分类结果“斑驳现象”减少,湿地边界清晰完整。     

基于Ecognition的高分辨率遥感影像水体提取研究

以高分辨率遥感影像为数据源,采用面向对象的影像分析软件eCognition提取水体。首先采用多尺度分割算法生成对象,然后对影像中水体的特征进行分析,最后建立对象知识库进行细分类。实验表明,相对于传统方法,面向对象方法能够得到更好的效果。     

高空间分辨率遥感影像分类最优分割尺度

在对高空间分辨率遥感影像进行分类时,为解决不同地物其空间尺度不同的问题,采用多尺度分割的面向对象分类技术,提出采用"对象完整面积个数最多法"的分割方法,研究得出道路、农田、居民地、裸地、水域的最优分割尺度分别为20、30、50、80和100,采用成员函数法对分割后的影像进行分类,并将分类后的结果与基于像元的监督分类结果进行了对比.研究结果表明:使用"对象完整面积个数最多法"实现最优分割的面向对象分类技术的分类精度高于基于像元的分类精度.     

基于最优尺度模型的建筑物信息提取

建筑物信息在数字城市建设过程中具有十分重要的意义和作用,从高分辨率遥感影像中提取建筑物信息已成为研究热点之一.本文结合当前现有的理论与方法,提出最优尺度的面向对象的方法对建筑物信息进行提取.首先采用多尺度分割算法对影像进行分割,然后采用最优尺度计算模型选取最优分割尺度,在分割的基础上构建建筑物提取知识库,最后采用最近邻...     

面向对象的遥感影像分类研究

在基于传统的遥感影像分类方法的基础上,结合面向对象分析理论与方法,提出了面向对象的遥感影像的分类方法,通过实验分析探讨了面向对象影像分类的关键技术。包括多尺度的分割,分类器的建立,包括最近邻分类和模糊聚类分类。实验表明,面向对象的分类方法较传统基于像素分类法有较高的精度,具有很大的发展潜力。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.