中国海域托虾科Thoridae Kingsley,1879(十足目,真虾下目)新记录及Thor leptochelus记述

通过对中国科学院海洋生物标本馆(MBMCAS)馆藏真虾类标本的进一步整理,发现分布于中国黄海青岛沿岸托虾科Thoridae Kingsley,1879一新纪录种,短额七腕虾Heptacarpus igarashii HayashiChiba,1989。除对该新记录种的形态特征进行详细描述外,对采集于中国南海南沙群岛的托虾科另一物种细螯托虾Thor leptochelus(XuLi,2015),也进行了详细描述,并探讨其分类地位,修订其中文种名。为提供该科更详细信息,同时列出中国海域托虾科种属名录。     

基于COI和D-Loop序列豫北虾虎鱼分子系统分析

虾虎鱼在河南省北部广泛分布,但其系统分类和多样性未有报道.从豫北原阳黄寺、安阳小南海、淇县淇河、长垣孙东闸、林州弓上水库等地采集虾虎鱼样本共计23尾,成都岷江样本6尾,分别扩增了线粒体COI基因和D-Loop序列.联合GenBank下载虾虎鱼的COI序列和D-Loop序列,构建了虾虎鱼的系统进化树.结果显示,采自黄寺、小南海、淇县、岷江地区的子陵吻虾虎鱼(Rhinogobius giurinus)聚为一个分支,而采自孙东闸和弓上水库的褐吻虾虎鱼(Rhinogobius brunneus)聚为一个单系群;这两种虾虎鱼遗传分化主要来自群体间.系统发育结果支持子陵吻虾虎鱼的韩国群体与中国群体构成姐妹群关系,中国不同地理种群间则相互交叉.     

南麂列岛海洋自然保护区东侧海域鱼类群落结构特征研究

根据2017年秋季(11月)、2018年春季(5月)在南麂列岛海洋自然保护区东侧海域开展底拖网渔业资源调查所获得的鱼类资料,分析了该海域的鱼类种类组成、优势种、生物多样性、群落结构特征及ABC曲线等。结果表明,本次在调查海域共获得并鉴定出鱼类种类有55种,隶属于10目29科45属。其中,春季为25种,秋季为44种;春季优势种有4种,分别是红鳗虾虎鱼、绿鳍鱼、鲐鱼和竹荚鱼;秋季优势种有3种,分别是龙头鱼、六丝钝尾虾虎鱼和七星底灯鱼,两季没有共同优势种。生物多样性指数分布情况是丰富度指数(D)秋季高于春季,均匀度指数(J')和多样性指数(H')则春季高于秋季。根据非参数多维标序技术NMDS和等级聚类CLUSTER分析,可将春季鱼类划分为2个群落,秋季鱼类划分为3个群落。从ABC曲线可以看出,春、秋两季调查海域的鱼类种群干扰程度是春季高于秋季。     

东海中南部外海虾类组成特征分析

依据2006年5月(春)、8月(夏)、11月(秋)和2007年2月(冬)在东海中南部外海(26°00′~28°30′N,126°00′E以西)海域虾类资源调查资料,对该海域虾类的种类组成季节变化和空间格局特征作了分析。结果表明:东海中南部外海虾类季节间相似性指数较低,各季节贡献率较大的有长角赤虾、戴氏赤虾、东海红虾和假长缝拟对虾等种类。东海中南部外海虾类种类组成可分为A、B两个组群,A组群主要分布在126°00′E以西100 m等深线附近海域,主要以戴氏赤虾、长角赤虾、假长缝拟对虾、高脊管鞭虾和东海红虾为主;B组群主要分布在126°00′E以东100 m等深线附近海域,主要以脊单肢虾、日本异指虾和九齿扇虾为主。两个群聚类型的空间分布没有明显的群聚边界,但密集区有所不同。     

广东省恩平市锦江河上游野生鱼类资源群落生态特征调查

2009年6月至9月连续16次对广东省恩平市锦江河上游主要鱼类群落调查。调查共捕获鱼类3 894尾隶属6目18科39属49种。其中未知种3种,Margalef指数D(I)为4.023 9,D(B)为7.601 4,Shannon-Wiener指数H(I′)为3.952 3,H(B′)为2.401 9;Simpson指数C(I)为0.705 1,C(B)为0.914 3;Pielou指数J(I)为0.331 3,J(B)为0.201 4。其中名特优经济鱼类15种,占种类数的30.61%,包括刺鳅、黄颡鱼、月鳢、胡子鲶、翘嘴红鱼白、黄鳝、鲶鱼、乌鳢、翘嘴鳜、斑鳜、加洲鲈、泥鳅等普通经济鱼类8种,占种类数的16.32%,包括鲫鱼、罗非鱼、银鲴、鲤、草鱼、鲢、鳙、青鱼、鲮等;其他非经济鱼类种26种,不知品种3种,占种类数的53.06%。鲤形目中的鲤、银飘鱼为优势种(IRI≥500),鲫、、寡鳞飘鱼、赤眼鳟、油餐、彩石等为常见种;鲈形目中的罗非鱼属鱼类、子陵吻虾虎鱼为优势种(IRI≥500),月鳢、乌鳢、加洲鲈、斗鱼、溪吻虾虎鱼、粘皮鲻虾虎鱼、侧扁黄(鱼幼)等为常见种;鱼将形目中的食蚊鱼和鲶形目的胡子鲶为优势种(IRI≥500),合鳃目的黄鳝以及外来种观赏鱼(吸盘鱼)、鲶鱼为常见种,鱼类品种调查结果可为恩平市锦江河鱼类资源保护和利用提供参考。     

斗篷山自然保护区鱼类资源初步调查

1991年至 1999年间共 4次考察斗篷山区鱼类 ,共采集标本 5 0 0余号 ,鉴定为 32种 ,分别隶属于 4目 9科30属。有 3种鱼类是首次在贵州的长江水系发现 ,即大鳍间吸鳅、越鲶、褐栉虾虎鱼。这 32种占贵州省鱼类总种数的 15 6 %。鲤科鱼类所占比例最大 ,有 18种 ,占斗篷山区鱼类总数的 5 6 2 5 % ;另 14种占 43 75 % ,其中鳅科 3种 ,平鳍鳅科 4种 ,科 2种、科、鲇科、合鳃鱼科、虾虎鱼科、鳢科各一种。该地区鱼类种类资源较丰富 ,但数量却在下降 ,主要原因是采取毒鱼和电鱼等不良捕捞方法导致的     

浙江中部近海鱼类多样性及生物量与环境因子的关系研究

根据2016年秋季,在浙江中部近海(28.5°-29.5°N,121.5°-123.1°E)进行渔业资源综合调查,分析了浙江中部近海海域的鱼类种类组成、优势度、多样性等群落结构特征以及与环境因子的关系。本次调查共捕获鱼类9目20科30种。秋季浙江中部及其邻近海域优势种有矛尾虾虎鱼、龙头鱼、红鳗虾虎鱼以及细条天竺鲷,鱼类生物量呈近海低外海高的变化趋势。多样性指数分析表明,种类丰富度指数(D)值在0.45~1.56之间,Shannon-Wiener多样度指数(H'w)值在1.16~2.61之间,种类均匀度指数(J'w)值在0.60~0.87之间。根据底温底盐,利用聚类分析得到3个水团,并且发现不同水团中的鱼类生物量具有显著差异(P0.01),种类丰富度指数(D)、Shannon-Wiener多样度指数(H'w)和种类均匀度指数(J'w)没有显著差异性。     

渤海Xia虎鱼类的生物学调查——关于区系分布与生态学基础的研究

虾鱼鱼类Ｇｏｂｉｏｉｄｅｉ是包括弹涂鱼科Ｐｅｒｉｏｐｈｔｈａｌｍｉｄａｅ，鳗虾虎鱼科Ｔａｅｎｉｏｉｄｉｄａｅ等在内的一群小型鱼类，全世界计有约１７２０种左右，全国有１６１种海水虾虎鱼类，其中有２０种分布于渤海，这次调查共采到１９种，其中有２种系黄海边缘分布，为渤海首次记录，本报告了虾虎鱼类在渤海水域的名录，分布和生态学特征，分析了它们在渤海生态系中的作用，特别是对增殖放流对虾的影响。     

乐清湾海域夏季大型底栖生物群落结构初探

根据2016年8月在乐清湾海域9个站位的底栖生物调查数据,应用PRIMER 6.0对其群落结构及受干扰情况进行分析,探究了该海域大型底栖动物优势度、群落多样性、群落结构及底栖动物生境质量状况。本次调查共鉴定出大型底栖生物35种,隶属多毛类、甲壳类、鱼类和软体动物4类,优势种4种,分别为中国毛虾、阿利玛幼体、矛尾虾虎鱼、安氏白虾。聚类分析与非度量多维测度排序结果表明,该海域物种可分为4组;ABC曲线分析显示,该海域处于受干扰状态。综合分析表明,人为活动会导致大型底栖动物生境的改变,影响其生物多样性及群落稳定性。     

湄洲湾海域底层游泳动物结构初步研究

根据2010年10月(秋季)和2011年4月(春季)福建省湄洲湾海域的渔业资源定点调查资料,对湄洲湾海域底层游泳动物种类组成特征,群落结构的季节动态以及群落受捕捞和环境的扰乱程度等问题进行了初步分析。结果表明:调查海域共出现游泳动物61种,其中鱼类共36种,甲壳类23种,头足类2种。鱼类以暖水性和暖温性种类为主。口虾蛄、细巧仿对虾、少鳞舌鳎、鲜明鼓虾、六丝钝尾虾虎鱼和六丝多指马鲅等是该水域较为重要的优势种。湄洲湾春秋两季游泳动物群落的数量生物量比较曲线表明,该海域生物群落春季未受环境干扰,秋季受到中度干扰。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.