体外预应力CFRP筋混凝土梁正截面抗弯试验研究

为研究体外预应力CFRP筋混凝土结构的正截面抗弯特性,研制了CFRP后张预应力筋夹片式锚具,对1片体外CFRP筋直线布置体外预应力混凝土梁和2片体外CFRP筋曲线布置体外预应力混凝土梁进行了正截面抗弯试验研究.试验结果表明:体外预应力CFRP筋混凝土梁受力过程与体外预应力钢筋混凝土梁有较多相似之处;跨中设一转向块的体外预应力CFRP筋混凝土梁的开裂荷载和极限承载力均比不设转向块的体外预应力CFRP筋混凝土梁要大,而跨中极限挠度则比不设转向块的体外预应力CFRP筋混凝土梁要小.在跨中设置转向块,可有效提高体外预应力CFRP筋混凝土梁的极限抗弯承载能力.按所推导的体外预应力CFRP筋混凝土梁的极限抗弯承载力理论公式,计算值与试验实测值吻合良好.     

混凝土对称配筋梁的抗弯承载力分析与计算

针对混凝土双筋矩形梁在承载能力极限状态下可能出现的受拉纵筋应变超限问题,重新界定了其截面受压区的最小高度;根据混凝土双筋矩形梁抗弯承载力的计算理论,建立了混凝土对称配筋梁抗弯承载力计算的基本公式;对混凝土对称配筋梁的抗弯承载力进行相关计算,并提出了相应的实用计算方法。工程算例表明:对于混凝土对称配筋梁的抗弯承载力设计问题,应采用给出的实用计算方法进行相关计算,以确保安全;若按一般"双筋梁法"计算,则多数情况下结果偏于不安全,且最大误差可达10%以上。     

不对称型钢混凝土梁抗弯承载力

进行了不对称型钢混凝土梁抗弯承载力试验,通过两根试件的单调加载试验,确定了不对称型钢混凝土梁的抗弯承载力、破坏形态及截面应变特征等基本性能;建立了型钢混凝土梁有限元模型,有限元分析得到的构件抗弯承载力与试验结果吻合较好,验证了有限元分析模型的正确性.推导了不对称型钢混凝土梁抗弯承载力实用计算方法,计算结果与试验数据及有限元分析结果符合较好,为不对称型钢混凝土梁在实际工程中的应用提供了设计依据.     

再生混凝土梁抗弯承载力的试验

对10根不同废弃骨料掺入量的再生混凝土梁进行了抗弯承载力试验,研究了再生混凝土梁正截面受力全过程和破坏形态.试验结果表明:再生混凝土梁与普通混凝土梁一样,正截面受弯破坏都需要经历弹性、开裂、屈服和破坏4个阶段;再生混凝土梁同样符合平截面假定.最后,根据GB50010-2002<混凝土结构设计规范>提出的普通混凝土梁的计算公式,验算了再生混凝土梁的极限承载力与普通混凝土梁极限承载力差别不大,可以用现行的公式计算.     

高强钢筋UHPC梁抗弯性能试验研究与理论分析

为研究将高强钢筋用于超高性能混凝土(UHPC)的可行性,通过6根梁的正截面抗弯试验,研究了配筋率、截面形式(矩形与T形梁)等对抗弯性能的影响规律.试验结果表明,HRB500级钢筋与UHPC适配良好,可充分发挥两者高强性能;配筋率对开裂荷载影响小,但可显著提高梁的极限承载力;为防止梁发生斜截面破坏,需要按计算配置箍筋;UHPC梁裂缝细而密,考虑受拉区UHPC塑性变形而建立的开裂弯矩公式与实测值吻合良好;据简化的UHPC本构模型建立的正截面极限承载力公式,预测精度较高.     

既有钢筋混凝土л梁正截面抗弯承载力研究

在平截面假定不成立的前提下,以钢筋混凝土л梁为研究对象,探讨不同锈蚀率的钢筋混凝土Ⅱ梁极限抗弯承载力的变化规律,通过构造新的几何协调条件,提出既有钢筋混凝土л梁的计算受压区高度随锈蚀率变化的计算公式,进而推导出既有钢筋混凝土л梁的正截面抗弯承载力计算公式.在此基础上,结合服役约40 a的实桥试验材质检测参数及破坏荷载对承载力公式进行验证.研究结果表明:由本文推导的承载力公式所得计算结果与试验结果较吻合,说明所提出的既有钢筋混凝土л梁的极限抗弯承载力计算方法正确、有效,可应用于指导工程实践.     

基于遗传算法的海水侵蚀混凝土梁斜截面承载力分析

根据试验测定的不同循环次数下的海水侵蚀混凝土梁斜截面承载力,建立毫非线性的渐近回归分析模型,并采用遗传算法进行参数的优化计算,然后根据模型计算混凝土梁斜截面承载力,其结果与实测数据吻合较好,混凝土梁斜截面承载力计算值的平均相对精度在95％以上。因此,基于遗传算法的非线性回归模型可以用于海水侵蚀混凝土梁斜截面承载力的分析。最后,实现了混凝土梁斜截面承载力分析的智能化。     

简支深肋组合扁梁的抗弯承载力计算

针对深肋组合扁梁在塑性受力阶段截面应力状态的复杂性，为克服现有的抗弯承载力计算方法较多地依靠工程经验的缺点，文中在对两个简支深肋组合扁梁进行承载试验的基础上，提出了采用等效矩形应力图的计算方法，建立了深肋简支组合扁梁的截面抗弯承载力计算模型，推导了截面抗弯承载力的计算公式，利用现有的试验结果给出了混凝土峰值应力折减系数建议值．试验结果初步验证了所建立的组合扁梁抗弯承载力计算公式的正确性．     

钢-UHPFRC组合加固足尺混凝土T梁抗弯承载性能试验

为恢复地震、爆炸、火灾等极端荷载作用后混凝土T梁桥上部结构的抗弯性能,利用超高性能纤维混凝土(UHPFRC)材料的良好抗弯拉性能改进钢-混凝土组合加固技术,提出钢-UHPFRC组合加固方法。以带损伤的足尺混凝土T梁为试验研究对象,通过抗弯承载性能试验,分析钢-混凝土组合加固和钢-UHPFRC组合加固T梁在正常使用阶段的受力性能和承载能力极限状态下的弯曲破坏模式;基于足尺试验弯曲破坏形态,建立钢-UHPFRC组合加固足尺混凝土T梁抗弯承载力计算图示和简化公式。研究结果表明:钢-UHPFRC组合加固试验梁发生塑性弯曲破坏;跨中横截面变形符合平截面假定,加固部分与原结构之间纵向相对滑移小于0.35mm,加固后试验梁整体工作性能较好,与未加固梁相比,钢-混凝土组合加固T梁抗弯极限承载能力可提高71%;在加固材料质量减轻50%的条件下,钢-UHPFRC组合加固T梁抗弯极限承载能力可提高30%,正常使用阶段其抗弯刚度与钢-混凝土组合加固T梁相近,因此钢-UHPFRC组合加固可提升或恢复混凝土T梁的抗弯承载性能,同时降低加固材料对结构自重的增加;抗弯承载力简化公式计算值与钢-混凝土组合加固T梁和钢-UHPFRC组合加固T梁试验值的比值分别为0.97和0.95,简化公式计算可靠,可用于组合加固后混凝土T梁桥的设计计算。     

活性粉末混凝土与普通混凝土叠合T梁静载抗弯性能研究

通过12片T形活性粉末混凝土(RPC)-普通混凝土(NC)叠合梁试件和1片NC整浇梁试件的静载试验,研究RPC受拉区高度、NC强度等级、受拉纵筋配筋率对组合梁抗弯静载力学性能的影响.结果表明:随RPC受拉区高度增加,叠合梁的受弯开裂形态从接合面处NC先裂转变为梁底RPC先裂,且开裂荷载增加,但最终受弯破坏形态与整浇梁一致;叠合梁抗弯承载力随纵筋配筋率的提高而增大;提高NC强度等级对叠合梁抗弯承载力有一定提高作用.提出叠合梁开裂弯矩的计算方法,计算结果与试验吻合良好.使用有限元软件OpenSEES对RPC-NC叠合梁正截面抗弯破坏全过程进行分析,并基于扩展有限元理论(XFEM)对OpenSEES进行二次开发,分析叠合梁受弯开裂裂纹扩展全过程,分析结果与试验吻合良好,为进一步分析RPC-NC叠合梁开裂行为提供了理论应用基础.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to