扁胫甲—中国新纪录族,属及其一新种（鞘翅目：拟步甲科）

本文报道中国拟步甲科一新纪录族、属,即扁胫甲族Cataphronetini、扁胫甲属Phthora及其一新种:阿拉善扁胫甲Phthora alashanensis,采自内蒙古阿拉善右旗巴丹吉林沙漠,模式标本存放在宁夏农学院昆虫标本室。     

拟步甲科部分种类Cytb基因序列比较及系统发育分析

测定了拟步甲科(Tenebrionidae)10种昆虫线粒体细胞色素b(Cytb)基因长度为579 bp的序列片段,结合Genbank的赤拟粉甲(Tribolium castaneum)的同源序列进行了分析.结果表明,11种拟步甲昆虫该片段中碱基T,C,A,G的平均含量分别为34.0%,22.5%,32.8%和10.7%, A T平均含量明显高于G C平均含量.密码子第3位点A T含量高达75.3%,而该位点G的平均含量仅为3.2%.碱基替换多发生于第3位点,转换略多于颠换,转换主要以C←→T为主,颠换以A←→T为主.以步甲科Blackburnia fossipennis为外群构建的系统发育树表明,土甲族、拟粉甲族和琵甲族有着很近的亲缘关系,三者聚为一支,漠王族和漠甲族聚为一支;而鳖甲族这一分支的系统关系与传统的分类存在一定的分歧,表现出与拟步甲亚科、漠甲亚科有着平行的进化关系,对产生这种分歧的原因进行了探讨.     

六种拟步甲行为初探

对拟步甲科5族、6属、6种昆虫成虫的活动节律、觅食行为、生殖行为及防御行为进行了观察描述．发现其行为表现出丰富的多样性和与环境的适应性；活动具有明显的节律，生殖行为在种间既有相似性，也表现出明显的特异性；防御行为主要表现为身体构造上的防御、行为上的防御和化学防御．     

9种拟步甲16S rDNA部分序列及其亲缘关系

测定了9种拟步甲的16S rDNA部分基因序列,并与GenBank中的1种步甲的基因序列作同源性比较,计算其核苷酸使用频率并构建了分子系统树.在获得的435 bp的序列中,A+T约占74.4%,颠换(transversion)取代的速率大于转换(transition)取代的速率,其中277个核苷酸位点存在变异.结果表明:属内种间的碱基序列差异范围为3.4%～6.2%;族内属间为9.4%～11.0%;科内族间为10.8%～17.7%;科与科间的差异达到46.7%～50.3%.分子系统树表明:拟步甲科为一单系群,其中琵甲族较为进化,漠甲族与漠王族相对原始;琵甲族与土甲族的亲缘关系较近;漠甲族、漠王族与鳖甲族的亲缘关系较近.本结果与传统的分类观点相吻合.     

宁夏贺兰山拟步甲科的区系组成与生态分布

为了研究宁夏贺兰山国家自然保护区的生物多样性,于2007-2009年在宁夏贺兰山进行了系统的拟步甲科标本采集．结果表明,共获得标本4000余只,经分类鉴定出50种,隶属4亚科20属,其中,拟步甲亚科种类最多,计11属24种,占总种数的48％,漠甲亚科次之,计7属20种,占总种数的40％．从世界动物区系的构成来看,以中亚亚界成分为主;从中国动物区系的构成来看,贺兰山拟步甲科昆虫区系具有明显的蒙新区系特征,并且与华北区区系较为密切,与青藏区系次之,7个区系分布型中以蒙新区所占比例最高,共有32种,占64％,其次为蒙新区＋华北区区系分布型,计10种,占20％．根据拟步甲科生态分布特征,并结合植被、地形、地貌,运用等级聚类分析将50种拟步甲科划分为4个生态种组;拟步甲科随贺兰山垂直植被带分布表现差异,山麓荒漠草原带和疏林草原带是主要的分布带,喜阴湿的种类主要分布在针阔混交林带以上．     

世界朽木甲分类研究进展与我国种类名录

朽木甲是一个经济意义较为重要的昆虫类群,曾被作为一个独立科使用了近200年,于20世纪90年代被作为拟步甲科的亚科单位.本文对世界朽木甲分类研究的基本历史与现状、分类文献、分类系统和种类情况做了较详细介绍,并依据已知种类进行了区系分析,首次列出中国2族、16属、146种的系统目录.     

拟步甲成虫口器比较形态学研究(一)

在8族拟步甲科昆虫中各选择1种,解剖其成虫口器并描述形态特征和绘图,进而对各部分形态特征进行比较,归纳出它们的共有特征和区别特征并分析它们之间的一些关系.     

喙尾琵琶甲的研究进展

喙尾琵琶甲（Blaps rynchopetera Fairmaire）属鞘翅目（Coleoptera）拟步甲科（Tenebrionidae）琵琶甲属（Blaps）,在云南民间用于一些疑难病症和常见病的治疗,近些年来对它的研究报道逐渐增多．文章综述了喙尾琵琶甲的分布、生态、化学成分分析和资源开发方面的研究进展,为喙尾琵琶甲的进一步研究和开发提供参考．     

优质昆虫蛋白——黄粉虫

黄粉虫,又名面包虫、黄粉甲,属昆虫纲,鞘翅目,拟步甲科,粉虫属.它是一种生活在各种农林产品库房中的主要害虫,历来就是被消灭的对象,但它本身又是一种用途广泛的资源昆虫.黄粉虫全身都是宝,无论幼虫、蛹和成虫皆含有18种以上氨基酸的高蛋白,营养价值极高,不仅可作为各类药用动物及畜禽、珍禽的优良饲料,而且经过特殊加工后,可作为人类的食品原料及保健品、药品的原料.     

中国齿甲属Uloma系统发育关系

为了对中国齿甲类群进行更深入的研究,运用支序分析方法和Hennig86程序研究了齿甲属(鞘翅目:拟步甲科)全部中国已知种类的系统发育关系,根据支序所得最简约树(步长L=149,CI值为25,RI值为46)制作的支序图首次提出该属中国种类系统发育关系假设,并由此推断出中国齿甲属物种分化强烈,来源和演化路线复杂.     

中国南方沿海13种石斑鱼类的分子系统进化关系分析

石斑鱼类(Groupers)是世界性海洋经济鱼类,也是中国南方沿海省份重要的海水增养殖对象,其种类繁多,由于缺乏明显的种间外部形态区别特征,石斑鱼的分类一直是鱼类系统分类学的一个难题,存在着较多的争议和混淆。为了从分子水平揭示石斑鱼类的系统进化关系,应用线粒体细胞色素b基因(Cyt b)及两个核糖体RNA基因(16S和12S)序列联合构建系统进化树对中国近海石斑鱼亚科3属13种进行种类鉴定及亲缘关系分析,探讨了石斑鱼类的分子系统进化。结果表明:①线粒体基因序列在石斑鱼类种间存在较大的变异,种内变异极小,是进行石斑鱼类种类鉴定较为适宜的分子标记;②所研究的3属13种石斑鱼类中,石斑鱼属与九棘鲈属的亲缘关系较近,与鳃棘鲈属的较远;③赤点石斑鱼和青石斑鱼、蜂巢石斑鱼与鲑点石斑鱼、斜带石斑鱼与棕斑石斑鱼两两间具有较近的亲缘关系。     

中国斑腿蝗科线粒体基因的分子系统学研究(英文)

使用线粒体基因COⅠ,COⅡ,Cytb分析并建立中国斑腿蝗科部分种属的系统发育关系,其中对7个新种(Apalacris eminifronta,Caryanda pseudodentata,Caryanda bannaensis,Caryanda ruiliensis,Longchuanacris fui,Longchuanacris xiaoheis-hanensis,Podismodes dabieshanensis)的归属从分子角度也做了讨论。本研究将实验所获得的56条序列与NCBI中所收录的斑腿蝗科序列进行联合分析,采用最大似然法、贝叶斯推论等系统分析方法并综合P距离进行分析,最终得出以下几点结论:①龙川蝗属Longchuanaceis Zheng et Fu划归卵翅蝗亚科Caryandinae;②蹦蝗属Sinopodisma Chang、云秃蝗属Yunnanacris Chang均为华秃蝗属Podismodes Ramme的同物异名;③不支持Storozhenko将豫蝗属Yupodisma Zhang et Xia并入安秃蝗属AnapodismaDovnar-Zapolskii,从本研究所建的系统发育树来看,豫蝗属仍应作为秃蝗亚科Podisminae的一个独立属;④前人利用形态特征鉴定的七个新种与分子系统发育分析结果一致,新种独立有效。     

Phylogeny of higher taxa of hexapoda according to 12sRNA sequences

The phylogenetic relationship of Hexapoda has been debated for a long time, which will be resolved mainly depending on the settlement of monophyly, affinities and interrelationships among Protura, Collembola and Diplura. Mitochondrial 12sRNA gene about 355 bp fragments from one proturan species, two collembolan species, two dipluran species and one oribatid species were sequenced. The Kimura 2-parameter distances were calculated and a series of molecular phylogenetic trees were reconstructed by using the N-J method, from which the following points were drawn: (ⅰ) Protura and Collembola compose a monophyletic group representing absent-cerci; (ⅱ) Diplura is not a monophyletic group, in which Campodeoid with filiform cerci belongs to a clade and Japygoid with pincer cerci and Ectognatha compose another clade, that is, Insecta s. str. stemmed from Japygoid. So it would be suggested that the phylogenetic relationship of Hexapoda is [Parainsecta (Collembola + Protura) +Campodeoid +Insecta (Japygoid + Ectognatha)].     

Mitochondria1 cytochromeb sequences variation of Protura and molecular systematics of Apterygota

Mitochondrial cytochromeb genes of about 450 bp fragments from 3 proturan species, 5 collembolan species and 2 dipluran species have been sequenced. The number of nucleotide substitutions and Kimura 2-parameter distances have also been calculated, and a series of molecular phylogenetic trees reconstructed by using parsimony and distance methods. The proturan, collembolan and dipluran species have evolved monophyletic groups. The results suggest that Protura and Collembola are sister groups, while Diplura is more or less demonstrating a closer phylogenetic relationship to the pterygotan insects. The phylogeny and their systematic position of protura and other groups are also discussed.     

Niche lability in the evolution of a Caribbean lizard community

Niche conservatism--the tendency for closely related species to be ecologically similar--is widespread. However, most studies compare closely related taxa that occur in allopatry; in sympatry, the stabilizing forces that promote niche conservatism, and thus inhibit niche shifts, may be countered by natural selection favouring ecological divergence to minimize the intensity of interspecific interactions. Consequently, the relative importance of niche conservatism versus niche divergence in determining community structure has received little attention. Here, we examine a tropical lizard community in which species have a long evolutionary history of ecological interaction. We find that evolutionary divergence overcomes niche conservatism: closely related species are no more ecologically similar than expected by random divergence and some distantly related species are ecologically similar, leading to a community in which the relationship between ecological similarity and phylogenetic relatedness is very weak. Despite this lack of niche conservatism, the ecological structuring of the community has a phylogenetic component: niche complementarity only occurs among distantly related species, which suggests that the strength of ecological interactions among species may be related to phylogeny, but it is not necessarily the most closely related species that interact most strongly.     

七种真藓科(Bryaceae)植物孢子萌发与原丝体发育研究

采用显微照相的方法描述了七种真藓科植物孢子萌发与原丝体发育特征,结果表明:(1)七种真藓科植物的萌发孢子型均为真藓型(Bryum-type);(2)孢子萌发和原丝体发育特征对真藓科植物系统分类具有重要价值。     

Phylogenetic position of three Condylostoma species （Protozoa,Ciliophora, Heterotrichea） inferred from the small subunit rRNA gene sequence

The systematically poorly known ciliate genus Condylostoma was erected by Vincent in 1826. About 10 morphotypes have been reported, but any molecular investigations concerning this group so far are lacking. In this work, the small subunit ribosomal RNA （SS rRNA） gene of three marine Condylostoma species was sequenced, by which the phylogenetic trees were constructed by distancematrix, maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference methods. The results show that （1） all the trees have similar topologies with high supports; （2） Condylostoma is mostly related to the genus Condylostentor; and （3） three Condylostoma species as well as Condylostentor auriculatus cluster together and form a sister group with other heterotrichs. This is moderately consistent with the assessment of phylogenetic relationships of Condylostoma-related heterotrichs from the morphological information. The phylogenetic relationship of some other related heterotrichs, Peritromus, Folliculina, Stentor and Blepharisma, has been also discussed.