差异、系统与和谐

有了差异就会有各种事物之间的相互作用,有了相互作用就会有变化和运动。有了变化和运动,才会有不同事物的存在和发展,才能呈现出事物与环境之间一与多和多与一相互关系的存在,才能有在差异前提下形成统的必然性和现实性。有了这样的必然性和现实性,一与多和多与一的存在关系,就是不同事物内部不同构成因素,以及不同事物之间及与其环境之间构成不同形式和性质统一体即系统的现实根据。     

ExtendSim模型与数据驱动的指控流程建模与分析

联合作战背景下的指控流程(command and control process, CCP)涉及同层级内不同指控单元之间的横向信息交互与不同层级间的纵向信息交互。针对这种复杂化与多元化指控流程,研究了如何利用ExtendSim仿真工具对指控流程进行模型构建、验证、评估与优化。首先,通过对指控流程特点进行分析,抽取通用的要素类型,包括实体和关系要素,并映射到ExtendSim关键模块;其次,构建“指控流程要素-ExtendSim模块”的转换规则,提出构建ExtendSim指控流程模型的方法步骤;然后,研究基于ExtendSim的指控流程可行性验证方法(行为一致性、可执行性、合理性验证),提出了基于ExtendSim的指控流程评估指标(任务平均耗时、任务平均等待时间与任务最大处理容量),并研究了基于ExtendSim的指控流程优化方法;最后,通过一个通用反导指控流程案例,验证了所提建模与分析方法的可行性与有效性,可以为指控流程的建模与分析提供支撑和参考。     

建模与仿真的回顾及展望

建模与仿真技术在我国发展迅速,并取得很大成绩,其应用范围已扩大至产品的全生命周期：设计、制造、试验、维护、训练。本文回顾我国建模与仿真技术的发展,探讨建模与仿真的某些关键技术。     

核心产品及其开发与评价

企业的核心产品表现为实物和概念两种形态，其商业形态是概念形态与实物形态的耦合。核心产品是产品平台与平台产品的桥梁，是企业核心竞争能力的固化栽体和商业平台价值的具体展现。核心产品的开发必须把握开发流程的特殊性．以顾客的核心利益为导向，投资于核心团队。核心产品的机会评价涉及评价指标、评价模型和各指标的权重。     

可视化及漫游技术的研究与实现

本系统是基于Creator和Vega平台,设计并实现了可选择路径的交互式漫游。根据校园内的特点,对实景进行拍摄并制作各种纹理贴图,应用photoshop软件对纹理贴图进行处理,实现了一种快速的实景建模解决方法,并使得人机工程学的理论得到了引用与应用。灵活的运用了三维建模的关键技术,建立校园的3D模型。然后将模型导入到仿真软件中设置仿真过程。并根据要求对仿真软件进行二次开发,用以实现选择路径的漫游。     

信任与小微企业信贷:引入互利和利他动机的博弈与实证研究

银企信贷关系中的信任,可以有效减少代理成本和机会主义行为,对缓解小微企业信贷约束有重要启示.提出一个银企间信任的博弈分析框架,从自利、互利和利他三方面分析信任的动机,并通过问卷调查实证检验银行信任对小微企业贷款可获得性的影响.结果表明:1)信任对信贷博弈均衡结果产生关键影响,双方较高的互利倾向和正的利他倾向可促使帕累托最优均衡的实现,且随着关系距离的拉近和信任的加深,双方利他与互利倾向逐渐增强,信任与合作可能演化为长期稳定均衡;2)银行信任对小微企业信贷获取的影响显著,高程度的信任有助于提升小微企业的申贷成功率.为小微企业信贷中的信任研究提供了有力证据,也为解决小微企业融资难问题提供了参考.     

Arts,Culture and Science and Their Relationships

The context of this analysis is the golden years of the decade of the 1960s that served as a backdrop for consolidating capitalism and the globalized world. The aim is to analyze, understand and establish possible connections between the arts in general and the world in which modern society operates. This is a theoretical essay anchored in theoretical assumptions of sociology, arts and the culture of the globalized world and built on the practical experience of these researchers. We use the interpretative approach and technique of hermeneutic phenomenology to give meaning to historical events and the cultural and artistic implications of these events in the rise of science and technology. A systemic examination supports the relationship between art, culture, science and technology. The evidence shows that artistic and cultural issues are essential to make sense of life in society and in the absence of such basis, the world would be meaningless and humans would lose a sense of direction. It can be concluded that the arts are becoming increasingly relevant as the virtual world becomes large-scale and truly global, and that the development of science and technology benefits from the rise of the cultural and artistic world of today. Finally, the correspondence between the artistic and cultural world and the current scientific and technological development confirms the emergence of a globalized, digitalised (virtual) knowledge society.     

集成与分工的系统辩证关系

分工与集成属于二律背反 ,它们之间存在着辩证关系。分工是集成的前提 ,集成是分工的必然要求。集成与分工是一对差异协同的统一体。集成与分工的虚拟化 ,是现代经济社会的主要特征之一。集成存在着三种可能 ,即绩优集成、平庸集成和ST集成 ,分工和集成之间存在着效率边界。分工过度 ,或集成过度 ,都违背效率准则。应用交易费用理论、价值工程理论可确定分工或集成的效率边界     

柔性炼钢连铸仿真调度系统及其关键技术

针对炼钢连铸系统，提供了一种较为通用的仿真调度系统设计方案，并讨论其中的关键技术，如提供图形化组态平台，运用反向调度实现出钢计划粗调度，正向仿真解决机器冲突，并在调度中考虑了运输时间，最后，运用该系统对一个实际生产系统进行仿真调度决策，结果令人满意。     

Action Research and the Management and Systems Sciences

In this paper I explore the possibility of a complementary relationship between action research and the management and systems sciences. A range of purposes that action researchers and management and systems scientists pursue is initially set out. The paper then explores whether this diversity of purposes and the ways they recommend people to proceed may come together in a new whole that is greater than the sum of its parts. A potentially useful realization of this for practice is a reflexive process of critique, choice, and action, which is elaborated on. The paper then investigates what view of holism arises from the preceeding discussions.     

From Cybernetics and VSD to Management and Action

This paper uses Stafford Beer's Viable Systems Diagnosis (VSD) to suggest that the development of a model for actionable theory in organizations would take the form of a three-step process. The first step involves the definition and explanation of an appropriate theory base, the second theory interpretation into a coherent set of action principles and the third contextual action in organizations. We contend that even for a well-informed and widely read manager gleaning the theoretical basis for this process from the recognized Beer trilogy “Brain of the Firm,” “The Heart of the Enterprise” and “Diagnosing the System” is difficult to justify in terms of time, understanding, and action. We maintain that a sound set of action principles emanating from Beer's primary work must be considered before tackling the noted trilogy. We use Beer's initial text “Cybernetics and Management” to trace some fundamental operational research and the interdisciplinary tripartite science of cybernetics. We commence our action model process with some introductory thoughts into operational research, cybernetics, VSD, and contextual action. Our first step toward action involves some primary definitions and principles of cybernetic theory and the prospect of controlling overwhelming variety. Our second step provides our set of coherent potential action principles fundamental to cybernetic theory. The paper is written in a journalistic rather than academic style reflecting the need to couch the interpretation of the theory in a language that the well-informed manager may readily translate into third step contextual practice.     

An eco- and inno-product design system applying integrated and intelligent qfde and triz methodology

The green environmental laws and regulations are legislated, implemented, and enforced in many countries and economic regions. The provision of green products and services are the fast growing trend in global consumer markets. Therefore, introducing new products with environmental considerations becomes critical for global brand manufacturers. This research depicts an integrated and intelligent eco- and inno-product design methodology to support environmental friendly green product development. The methodology adopts approaches, such as life cycle assessment (LCA), quality function deploymnet for environement (QFDE), theory of inventive problem solving (TRIZ) and back-propagation network (BPN) to achieve eco- and inno-design objectives. LCA evaluates and compares the environmental impacts of production. QFDE transforms high-level concerns of environment into design requirements. When there are many historical QFDE data, the BPN prediction model is trained and deployed to automate the specifications of green design improvement. TRIZ is to support the creation of innovative product design ideas effectively and efficiently during the concept design stage. Finally, this paper presents two eco-design cases of power adaptor to demonstrate the proposed methodology.     

建模与仿真中验证与确认的测试与评估实现

M＆S的可信性问题是M＆S理论研究及工程应用的重要内容，VV＆A和T＆E都是为了提高和保证M＆S的置信度，降低仿真系统在实际工程应用中由于仿真结果不可信而带来的风险。首先深入分析了VV＆A与T＆E的关系，认为VV＆A更强调确保M＆S可信性的工作内容，T＆E更强调具体的实现方法，T＆E是V＆V的主要技术和方法，V＆V可以通过T＆E来实现；然后分析了M＆S中T＆E面临的挑战，研究了M＆S开发全生命周期中V＆V的T＆E实现，最后简要介绍了T＆E的充分性判定方法。     

双指标阶段性退化建模及可靠性分析

高可靠长寿命产品常需同时满足多种功能, 退化机理复杂, 其性能退化过程中多指标、多阶段的问题日益凸显。为此, 考虑退化过程的阶段性特征及不同阶段指标间耦合性规律, 基于Copula函数和Wiener过程建立了双指标阶段性退化模型及可靠性分析方法。同时, 针对产品退化过程中两指标变点不在同一位置的一般性情况, 提出了一种考虑双指标变点的模型参数整体估计方法。最后, 通过舱门锁实例的对比分析, 对所提方法的适用性和有效性进行了验证。结果表明, 同传统双指标模型相比, 所提方法能更为准确地描述退化过程的相关性与阶段性规律, 得到的可靠性评估结果更合理有效。     

应急管理中资源布局评估与调整的模型和算法

制定应急预案是应急管理的重要工作之一,由于地区对应急资源的需求随突发事件的级别不同而不同并且可能随时问发生变化,因此在应急预案制定过程中,评估已有资源布局对地区需求的保障程度显得十分重要.本文构造一个基于时间、资源供给和需求的损失函数,用于评估给定资源布局下可能出现的各个级别突发事件对地区造成的损失.对损失值较大的资源布局建立优化模型进行调整,优化模型考虑到了增加或者减少应急服务点的个数以及增加应急服务点的资源量,是集选址和资源配置于一体的模型,文章最后讨论了算法并给出一个算例.     

Systems and organizations: Distal and proximal thinking

The paper introduces the contributions to this special issue ofSystems Practice on Systems and Organizations: New Directions in terms ofdistal andproximal thinking. Distal thinking refers to ready-made concepts, to the finished effects and outcomes of thought and action; proximal thinking, to process and event, to the continuous and unfinished. The papers presented here deal with various aspects of the distal/proximal distinction in social systems and organizations, and especially draw out the implications of recent work in information technology, sociology of technology, accounting theory, and organization studies for a proximal conception of systems and organizations.     

Measuring and locating zones of chaos and irregularity

The new measures computed here are the spectral detrended fluctuation anatysls （sDFA） and spectral multi-taper method （sMTM）. sDFA applies the standard detrended fluctuation analysis （DFA） algorithm to power spectra, sMTM exploits the minute increases in the broadband response, typical of chaotic spectra approaching optimal values. The authors chose the Brusselator, Lorenz, and Duffing as the proposed models to measure and locate chaos and severe irregularity. Their series of chaotic parametric responses in short time-series is advantageous. Where cycles have only a limited number of slow oscillations such as for systems biology and medicine. It is difficult to create, locate, or monitor chaos. From 50 linearly increasing starting points applied to the chaos target function （CTF）; the mean percentage increases in Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy （KS-Entropy） for the proposed chosen models; and p-values when the models were compared statistically by Kruskal-Wallis and ANOVA1 test with distributions assumed normal are Duffing （CTF： 31%： p 〈0.03）; Lorenz （CTF： 2%： p 〈0.03）, and I3russelator （CTF： 8%： p 〈0.01）. Principal component analysis （PCA） is applied to assess the significance of the objective functions for tuning the chaotic response. From PCA the conclusion is that CTF is the most beneficial objective function overall delivering the highest increases in mean KS-Entropy.     

油气资源勘探与开发的不确定性分析及最优策略

基于油气资源勘探与开发的特点,建立了油气藏勘探发现率及储量模型,并在油气价格服从几何布朗运动条件下,以油气开采收益最大化为目标,建立了油气资源勘探与开发的随机最优控制模型,然后运用动态规划方法推导了在状态方程有几何布朗运动、带随机泊松跳过程条件下,值函数所满足的HJB方程,并对最优策略的求解进行了一些讨论.     

TANGO与AUTOCAD接口研究及软件设计

本文分析了TANGO自动布线软件中的PCB文件和AUTOCAD中的DXF文件的构成及其数据格式,对这两种文件间的转换进行了深入的研究,从而找出了它们之间接口的途径,这种接口的实现成功地解决了工程上电路印制板图纸的标准化问题。最后,笔者用C语言实现了接口软件的设计。     

低碳经济:理论实证研究进展与展望

在我国"七省市"碳交易试点确立之后,政策制定者、企业管理层和环境科学领域的专家学者特别关心碳交易市场的减排效果,及其对我国经济、环境和对外贸易的影响.为回答这些问题,本文首先对碳减排、节能减排和低碳经济的概念进行界定和区分,然后探讨实施碳减排的政策措施和经济手段,根据减排措施的理论可行性和在全球范围内实施的广泛性,针对"数量控制"和"价格控制"减排措施展开系统分析,详细阐述这两种减排措施的具体实施过程和实际减排效果,进而对比分析它们在实施过程中的优缺点,并从宏观、微观和技术三个层面剖析降低碳排放的机理和路径,指出它们对我国的可借鉴之处.其次,根据研究角度的不同,对碳减排的相关前沿研究成果进行分类回顾和评述,指出其对我国碳减排的启发,并结合实际指出前人研究不足和存在的理论空白.最后以讨论的形式,提出未来需要进一步探讨的几个碳减排问题,为相关学者的研究提供一些洞察.