海北次凹新生代烃源岩地球化学特征

海北次凹新生代古近系阜宁组及泰州组二段发育厚度不等的暗色湖相泥岩。从有机质丰度、有机质类型、有机质成熟度以及生物标志物等方面,研究了海北次凹新生代烃源岩的地球化学特征。阜二段和泰二段烃源岩有机质丰度高,为较好-好烃源岩;阜一段为较好-较差烃源岩,阜三段为较差烃源岩。有机质类型阜二段和泰二段优于阜一段和阜三段,阜二段有机质类型主要为Ⅱ_1-Ⅱ_2型,泰二段为Ⅱ_2型。有机质热演化程度较低,部分样品达到成熟阶段。泰二段、阜二段的烃源岩形成于强还原高盐度的半深湖-深湖环境,有机质母质与半咸水-咸水的藻类及高等植物相关。     

控制东营凹陷烃源岩排烃的几个关键因素

通过东营凹陷钻井取心的观察及不同结构烃源岩地质地球化学特征的比较,从内因、外因两个方面对烃源岩排烃的控制因素进行了分析,并且就烃源岩岩性结构对排烃及成藏的控制作用进行了初步研究.认为内因为有机质类型、丰度及成熟度,反映烃源岩中生烃母质的特征,东营凹陷大量样品测试结果显示烃源岩的生烃潜量、排烃量与有机质丰度呈良好的线性关系;外部因素包括源岩的结构、源岩内有效的运移通道、压力的分布及外部的构造运动等各种地质作用及内、外部环境.研究结果表明,东营凹陷主力烃源岩沙四上及沙三下段具有多种岩性结构形式,其中沙四上及沙三下下部主要发育纹层状泥页岩,油气以远距离侧向运移为主;沙三下上部及沙三中主要发育块状泥岩,油气以垂向运移为主.不同的排烃方式造成了油气分布的差异,沙四型原油分布于凹陷外围,沙三型原油分布于凹陷内围,混合型原油分布于中间地带.     

辽河滩海烃源岩地球化学特征分析

通过评价滩海地区烃源岩的有机质丰度,用干酪根镜下显微组分鉴定．干酪根元素,干酪根碳同位素,生物标志化合物等几种方法确定烃源岩的有机质类型以及有机质成熟度的分析,得出结论滩海地区主力烃源岩为沙河街级三段,其次为沙河街组一二段,潍海西部凹陷和东部凹陷生油门限存在差异,滩海西部凹陷生油门限为2800m左右,滩海东部凹陷为2850m左右。     

鄂尔多斯盆地宜川地区上古生界烃源岩评价

依据氢指数（HI）、降解率（PC/TOC）等两个方面的地球化学指标,按照煤系地层烃源岩有机质类型划分标准,对研究区的山西-太原组烃源层的有机质类型作剖析,进行上古生界烃源岩系统评价。研究认为,本溪组烃源岩主要是泥岩,有机质丰度平均2.51%,泥岩干酪根母质类型主体属腐殖型干酪根,即Ⅲ型干酪根;太原组暗色泥岩有机质丰度平均2.26%,煤层比较发育,有机质丰度平均81.66%;山西组的泥岩比较发育,泥岩有机质丰度平均2.26%,煤层有机质丰度平均72.66%。本区上古生界干酪根显微组分都以镜质组为主,显示干酪根母质为腐殖型,即Ⅲ型干酪根,热成熟度演化较高,Ro都大于2.5%,Tmax为490℃以上,表明泥岩已达到过成熟阶段,本区暗色泥岩及煤层属中等—好气源岩,此次烃源岩的认识对该区下一步的勘探提供重要的依据。     

黄河口凹陷古近系烃源岩的地球化学特征

渤海湾盆地黄河口凹陷古近系发育有3套烃源岩,分别是沙三段、沙一至二段和东三段湖相烃源岩.3套烃源岩在整个凹陷内都有分布,岩性以灰色、深灰色、灰黑色以及黑色的泥岩和油页岩为主.沙三段和沙一至二段烃源岩有机质丰度高,有机质类型好,以ⅡA型和ⅡB型为主,有机质正处于生烃的高峰阶段,这2套烃源岩是黄河口凹陷最有利的烃源岩.     

青东凹陷沙三段、沙四段储层生油潜力与油气分布规律研究

青东地区是胜利油田勘探程度较低的地区之一,基于该区地层发育特征认识不足以及油气分布规律不明朗等问题,首先在构造、油藏类型、测井和地质资料基础上对研究区发育形态位置进行剖析,在明确了青东地区地层发育特征的基础上,结合烃源岩热分解资料,对该区烃源岩进行了研究,通过分析已钻井热解数据找出主要油源层以及生油潜力区,从绘制的沙四上亚段暗色泥岩等厚图和沙三下亚段暗色泥岩等厚图可以得到砂体在平面的上分布规律,进而初步确定了该区烃源岩特征以及油气在横、纵向上的分布规律,研究结果有利于对青东凹陷进行深入挖潜,为后续勘探开发提供地质依据。     

东营凹陷有效烃源岩成熟度评价

东营凹陷沙三段下亚段—沙四段上亚段有效烃源岩的镜质体反射率存在明显的抑制作用.利用2套有效烃源岩的FAMM分析成果,对其成熟度进行了重新评价.结果表明:烃源岩的有机质类型越好,镜质体反射率抑制程度越强;沙三段下亚段有效烃源岩的真实成熟度一般应在0.56%~1.01%,沙四段上亚段有效烃源岩的真实成熟度一般应在0.58%~1.30%.     

鄂尔多斯盆地南缘中元古界长城系烃源岩地球化学特征

为了弄清鄂尔多斯盆地南缘中元古界是否发育较好的烃源岩,综合利用野外地质实地考察、有机地球化学分析等方法,对长城系烃源岩野外地质特征和有机质丰度、类型、成熟度进行了研究。该套烃源岩主要发育于长城系高山河组顶部,为一套泻湖相暗色泥岩,累计厚度为38.3 m;TOC总体上比较高,达到烃源岩标准的占44.8%,其中差烃源岩、较好烃源岩和好烃源岩所占比例分别是25.9%,15.5%与3.4%;有机质类型以Ⅰ型为主,其次为Ⅱ型干酪根;长城系暗色泥岩奇偶碳数比OEP值介于0.76~1.04之间,最高仅为1.04,Tmax值介于583~601℃.盆地南缘长城系发育较好的烃源岩,具有一定的生烃能力,具备形成原生油气藏的基本前提条件。     

新疆三塘湖盆地烃源岩特征

新疆三塘湖盆地主要有三套烃源岩:中生界上三叠统和中下侏罗统煤系烃源岩、古生界上二叠统湖相低熟烃源岩和古生界下二叠统和石炭系湖相成熟烃源岩.烃源岩在马朗凹陷、条湖凹陷和汉水泉凹陷均有分布,岩性主要为暗色泥岩、煤和碳质泥岩.最有利的烃源岩为马朗凹陷中有机质丰度高、类型好、油气生成量大且碳酸盐岩含量高的上二叠统芦草沟组烃源岩.     

歧口凹陷沙一段低熟烃源岩评价

利用烃源岩有机质丰度、生排烃特征、发育古环境、有机岩石学及原油特征等手段,探讨歧口凹陷沙一段低熟烃源岩生烃、排烃特征。研究结果表明,歧口凹陷沙一段低熟烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好,具有集中排烃、高效排烃的特点。沙一下段烃源岩发育的环境主要为干旱气候下的咸水环境。藻类及显微组分中的矿物沥青基质是低熟烃源岩形成低熟油气的物质基础。歧口凹陷存在大量未熟-低熟的原油。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.