宁夏哺乳动物地理分布的聚类分析

用组平均法对宁夏哺乳动物地理分布区进行聚类,６ 个动物地理州在距离系数为０．３８７０ 时聚为４ 个类群,在距离系数为０．５１４９ 水平聚合为２ 个类群组．聚类结果与中国动物地理区划中宁夏跨２ 个动物地理区及宁南、宁中北分属华北区黄土高原亚区和蒙新区东部草原亚区的划分相吻合,而与宁夏西北边缘的贺兰山地和腾格里沙漠东南缘同属蒙新区西部荒漠亚区的划分不吻合．文章对聚类结果作了分析,比较了应用不同匹配系数公式对动物地理分布聚类结果的影响．     

吉林省西部白城地区动物生态地理群与动物地理区划研究

本文是在吉林省西部多年调查掌握的大量鸟兽资料的基础上,根据动物区系特点及其分布规律,对吉林省西部白城地区进行了省一级动物地理区划,并就动物生态地理群作了划分,最后,对全国亚区一级动物地理区划界线问题,提出了一些看法。     

世界昆虫分布格局的聚类分析及地理区划

 为了制定世界昆虫地理区划方案，按地形、气候等生态条件将世界陆地划分为67个基础地理单元，汇总世界31目1208科104344属昆虫在各地理单元的分布，用新提出的相似性通用公式和多元相似性聚类分析法进行定量分析，得到层次分明、结构合理的聚类实验：在相似性水平为0.300时，67个基础地理单元聚成20个小单元群；在0.200时，聚成7个大单元群。实验结果符合统计学、地理学、生态学、生物学的要求。依此结果制定了7界20亚界的世界首个昆虫的地理区划方案，并分析了各界、各亚界的昆虫区系特征，提出了昆虫与动物、植物、微生物分布格局的同质性及建立世界生物地理区划方案的可能性。     

中国小异长足虻属昆虫区系分析

通过对中国已记载的小异长足虻属昆虫162种进行区系分析研究,结果发现:中国小异长足虻属昆虫在世界动物地理区划中有5种分布型,以东洋界为主,其次为古北界;在中国动物地理区划中有14种分布型,以华中区为主;中国小异长足虻属昆虫广布种少,特有种多;跨界分布的种类较少,跨中国动物地理区分布的种类也较少,说明了中国小异长足虻属昆虫分布地狭窄,不善于扩散。     

内蒙古陆生脊椎动物地理区划

内蒙古共分布有陆脊椎动物６１０种,在僵 理区划中划归古北界;东亚亚界、中亚亚界;东北区、华北区、蒙新区、大兴安岭区区、松辽平原亚区、黄土高原亚区、东部草原亚区、西部荒漠亚区,根据动物区系演化,现代生态环境及动物分布特征,我们进一步划为１２个动物地理省;大兴安岭北省、大兴安岭省、松辽平原省、燕山北部省、大青山以南丘陵平原省、大兴安岭西麓草甸草原省,内蒙古高原中温型草原省、洋多斯暖温型草原省,阴山以北     

广西蝗虫研究Ⅱ:蝗虫的地理区划

根据广西蝗虫种类,数量及分布特点,结合自然地理条件,探讨广西蝗虫地理区划,拟将广西蝗虫地理区划为３个蝗区６个蝗亚区：１．桂北区：桂东北南岭山地亚区和桂西北岩溶山原盆坝亚区;Ⅱ．桂中区：桂西岩溶山原谷地亚区和桂中,桂东低丘台山地谷地区;Ⅲ．桂南区：桂南沿海台地平原亚区和桂西南岩溶低山丘陵亚区。     

贵州省关岭县叶蝉科昆虫区系分析

通过对贵州省关岭县66种叶蝉进行区系分析,结果表明:66种关岭叶蝉在世界动物地理区划中有10个区系型,其中以东洋界区系型为主体,种数为31种,所占比例46.97%;其次为东洋界—古北界区系型,种数为23种,占34.85%;按含特定地理区的跨区区系型复计种数和复计比例来看,纯东洋界区系型所占比例最大,其次为含古北界的跨区区系型.66种关岭叶蝉科昆虫在我国动物地理区划中的归属共计20种类型,其中以华中区特有种所占比例最高,计13种,占19.70%;其次为华中区—西南区—华南区种类,计9种,占13.64%.分析结果表明66种关岭叶蝉昆虫在世界动物地理区划中以东洋界为主,在中国动物地理区划中以华中区所占比例最大.     

雾灵山的猛禽

雾灵山位于华北北部燕山的中段、河北省承德地区兴隆县境内,与北京市密云县毗邻.在动物地理区划上属于古北界华北区的黄土高原亚区,是南北方动物的一个过渡地带.雾灵山保护区有陆栖脊椎动物140种,其中鸟类101种.下面介绍的是这里的猛禽.     

内蒙古清水河地区鸟类区系研究

对内蒙古清水河地区鸟类区系进行了调查研究．该地区有鸟类１０８种，隶属于１４目３１科７１属．其中夏候鸟３６种，冬候鸟５种，旅鸟４１种，留鸟２６种．黄腹山雀为内蒙古鸟类分布新记录．清水河地区在动物地理区划中应属于华北区的黄土高原亚区．     

河南省动物区划界线问题——动物地理区划中古北区和东洋区在河南省境内过渡界线的探讨

一、问题的提出我国动物地理区划中的华北区和华中区分界线的位置问题,实际上也就是世界动物地理区划中古北区和东洋区在我国东部的界线的位置问题。这一问题的解决,不仅对我国有关地区的动物区系和区划的研究具有重大意义,同时在动物地理学上,也具有重大意义。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.