蓝桉对紫茎泽兰的化感作用及其生物测定

测定了蓝桉叶水提液（2%、5%、10%）、抽提后的蓝桉叶（2g、5g、10g）和阴干蓝桉叶（2g、5g、10g）对紫茎泽兰种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明：蓝桉叶水提液能降低紫茎泽兰种子发芽率、发芽速度、胚根和胚轴长度及幼苗生长,浓度越高效果越明显（2%水提液对发芽率的作用除外）,但低浓度有时会促进紫茎泽兰种子的萌发和幼苗新生叶片数;以蓝桉作为竞争植物与紫茎兰竞争以抑制其生长,且蓝桉不会对当地其他植物造成伤害。     

外来红树植物拉关木对木榄的化感作用

探讨外来速生红树植物拉关木(Laguncularia racemosa)扩张过程中潜在的化感作用,为其入侵风险评估提供参考.通过室内栽培实验测定拉关木根、枝、叶、果的水浸液在不同质量浓度(0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5g/mL)下对木榄(Bruguiera gymnorhiza)幼苗生长的化感作用.结果表明,各器官水浸液对木榄幼苗生长的影响表现为"低促高抑",质量浓度为0.5g/mL时,抑制作用最强.各器官水浸液对木榄幼苗生长的抑制作用强弱顺序为:枝果根叶.各器官水浸液对木榄幼苗叶绿素含量均表现为"低促高抑";木榄幼苗根系活力随拉关木根、叶、果的水浸液浓度的升高呈先升后降的变化趋势,而随枝水浸液浓度的升高,木榄幼苗的根系活力呈下降的变化趋势;丙二醛含量、游离脯氨酸含量和相对电导率大小均随各器官水浸液浓度的升高呈先降后升的变化趋势.     

大蒜根系分泌物分离、鉴定及其对烤烟的化感作用

为了解大蒜（Allium Sativum L.）根系分泌物主要成份对烤烟的化感作用，通过气质联用仪（GC/MS）测定了大蒜根系分泌物的成份，并选用大蒜根系分泌物的2种主要成份，研究其对K326种子萌发及其幼苗生长、成苗叶绿素含量和根系活力的影响。试验结果表明：大蒜根系分泌物主要成份对K326种子的发芽率、化感效应指数、发芽指数以及其幼苗的苗高、根长、鲜重均有不同程度的抑制，随着大蒜根系分泌物主要成份浓度的增加，抑制率也逐渐增大，均达差异显著水平。而该主要成份对K326成苗叶绿素的含量和根系活力的抑制作用不明显，这将为研究大蒜与烤烟合理耕作制度的建立奠定基础。     

重金属镉(Cd2+)对梧桐幼苗根生长及根系形态的影响

为了解植物根系形态不同方面对重金属镉的反应,在室内水培条件下以梧桐幼苗为材料,研究了不同浓度镉溶液对其根生长和根系形态的影响.结果显示;①低浓度的镉对梧桐幼苗根生物量干重无明显影响,随镉浓度的升高和处理时间的延长,则表现为越来越明显的抑制作用.②低浓度的镉对根尖的伸长无明显的抑制作用,但是却抑制根尖的发生.③镉对梧桐幼苗根系的影响主要是通过对根长、根体积、根表面积、根尖数和根分叉数的影响来起作用的,对根的直径影响不显著.研究结果表明,根尖数和根系分叉数是衡量植物根系受镉污染强弱的2个较好指标.     

三叶鬼针草对岩溶木本植物任豆和香椿的化感作用

为了探讨三叶鬼针草(Bidens pilosa L.)对岩溶木本植物的化感作用,利用生物检测法研究了三叶鬼针草叶和根水浸液对任豆(Zenia insignis Chun)和香椿(Toona sinensis Roem.)的种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响,及叶水浸液对任豆和香椿幼苗光合作用的影响.结果表明,三叶鬼针草叶片水浸液对香椿的种子萌发和幼苗生长有明显抑制作用,根部水浸液仅在高浓度(0.1g/ml)对香椿的种子萌发和幼苗生长有轻微抑制作用;三叶鬼针草叶片和根部的水浸液在0.1g/ml浓度时对任豆种子萌芽和幼苗生长有轻微抑制作用,其它浓度时均为促进作用.香椿的种子萌芽和幼苗生长对三叶鬼针草浸提液比任豆更敏感;叶片的化感抑制作用强于根部.三叶鬼针草使任豆幼苗的净光合速率下降,使香椿幼苗的净光合速率增强.     

麻疯树叶水浸提液对4种农作物的化感作用

采用培养皿滤纸法,研究麻疯树叶水浸提液对莴苣、油菜、玉米和小麦的化感作用.结果表明:麻疯树对作物的化感作用和浸提液浓度、生长发育期、作物种类及器官有密切关系.随麻疯树浸提液浓度增加,化感作用增强;麻疯树对4种作物的种子萌发主要表现为化感抑制作用;对莴苣地上部分的生长具有促进作用,但对其根生长产生抑制作用;其他作物的地上部分和地下部分均受到不同程度的抑制作用,部分体现了"低促高抑"的化感效应;总化感效应是萌发期幼苗期,以及莴苣油菜小麦玉米.因此在麻疯树林区适宜种植玉米.     

银胶菊对南瓜化感作用的初步研究

以南瓜作为受体,通过种子萌发及幼苗生长试验,初步研究了银胶菊浸提液的化感作用.结果表明:(1)银胶菊浸提液对南瓜种子的萌发具有明显的抑制作用,叶、根、全株浸提液对南瓜种子萌发的抑制效应均随处理浓度的增加而增强；(2)各器官浸提液对南瓜的根长均有一定的促进作用,银胶菊叶、根及全株浸提液对南瓜的苗高具有抑制作用,且抑制作用...     

杂交鹅掌楸叶水提液对丹参种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

杂交鹅掌楸为优良的珍贵阔叶树种,本研究旨在探明杂交鹅掌楸叶水浸提液对丹参种子萌发及幼苗生长的化感效应,为杂交鹅掌楸人工林林药复合种植模式建立提供理论依据.采用培养皿滤纸法以及室内模拟盆栽,对丹参种子发芽率、发芽势以及幼苗生长生理指标及根系发育等进行测定,研究杂交鹅掌楸叶不同浓度的水浸提液对丹参种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响.结果表明,杂交鹅掌楸叶浸提液可以显著影响丹参种子萌发率,浸提液浓度在5～20 g/L时,对丹参种子的萌发有促进作用;随着浓度的增加(高于20 g/L),对种子萌发的抑制作用越强,除茎长外的所有指标均低于对照.浓度为40 g/L的杂交鹅掌楸叶水浸提液对丹参幼苗叶总鲜重、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量以及根系的长度、表面积、体积和根尖数的正影响均是最大的,说明其最适宜丹参幼苗的生长.     

入侵植物大狼把草对2种农作物的化感作用

运用水浸提法提取入侵植物大狼把草茎叶化感物质,通过对比试验研究了不同浓度的大狼把草茎叶水浸液对大麦和小麦种子萌发以及幼苗生长发育的影响.结果表明,大狼把草浸提液对大麦种子的萌发有显著抑制作用,对小麦种子萌发抑制作用不明显.除50g/L浸提液外,其余处理对大麦和小麦苗高和根长均有显著的抑制作用.浸提液对2种作物根的分化均有一定抑制性,其中,对小麦根的分化抑制作用较大.大狼把草浸提液对小麦及大麦化感作用的综合效应为抑制作用,对大麦的抑制力大于小麦.     

臭椿根区土壤水浸提液对刺槐种子发芽的影响

以6年生臭椿根区土壤水浸提液处理刺槐的种子,测定臭椿根区土壤浸提液对刺槐种子发芽及幼苗生长的影响。结果表明：臭椿根区土壤水浸提液对供试刺槐种子的萌发及幼苗生长都有显著的抑制作用,说明根区土壤有化感物质存在;不同浓度水浸提液抑制作用强度不同,其中根区土壤水浸提液质量浓度为1.0 mg/mL时抑制作用最大。水浸提液对发芽率、发芽指数的作用强度较小,对种子活力指数以及发芽后幼苗根伸长的抑制作用较大。     

A new mechanism of invader success： Exotic plant inhibits natural vegetation restoration by changing soil microbe community

Since the 1950s of the last century, the exotic plant, Eupatorium adenophorum, has spread rapidly across southwest China, damaging native ecosystems and causing great economic losses. We examined the pH, N, P, K, and organic matter concentrations, and the bacterial community character (by Biolog EcoPlateTM) in soils from sites heavily and lightly invaded by this exotic species. Also, soil from the lightly invaded site was treated with a water extract of E.adenophorum roots to examine the effect of the plant on soil properties. We grew three plant species, one native and two exotic, in pot experiment using soil from heavily invaded site to examine the effects of the soil on these plants growth. The soil analysis demonstrated that the pH, organic matter, total N, total P and total K in soils from the heavily invaded site were only slightly different from those of the lightly invaded site, but concentrations of NH4^ , NO3^- and available P and K in the heavily invaded site were greater than those in the lightly invaded site. The catabolic activity of soil bacterial community in the heavily invaded site was different from that in the lightly invaded site. The catabolic activity of bacterial community in soils treated by the water extract of E.adenophorum roots changed and became similar to that in soils from the heavily invaded site. The pot experiment showed that the exotic plants growth in heavily invaded soil were not different from in lightly invaded soil; however, the native plant biomass decreased dramatically when grown in soil from the heavily invaded site as compared to soil from the lightly invaded site; and the same phenomenon was found when any potential allelopathic effects by E. adenophorum were eliminated by added activated carbon to those soils. Difference in soil nutrient availability and allelopathy could not explain this phenomenon of the native plant in the soils from the heavily and lightly invaded sites. Changes observed in the soil bacterial community were obviously related to native plant growth in those tow soils. Those results suggest that changing soil microbial community may be an important part of E. adenophorum invasion process. Since the soil microbial community serves as bridge in connection of exotic and natural plants, the exotic plant could inhibit the natural plant growth and reproduction by changing the soil microbial community in invaded site.     

Noxious invasive Eupatorium adenophorum may be a moving target: Implications of the finding of a native natural enemy, Dorylus orientalis

Eupatorium adenophorum is a noxious invasive weed that is distributed throughout subtropical areas worldwide. Enemy release may be at least one of the reasons underlying its success as an invader. In this study, we observed damage to the epidermis, cortex, phloem, cambium, and xylem tissues of roots and stems around the root collar of E. adenophorum growing in an experimental field in Yunnan Province, southwest China. The damage was caused by Dorylus orientalis, a polyphagous ant feeding on the weed and resulted in the death of the plants by interrupting nutrient exchange between shoots and roots. This ant showed selectivity for the invader to some extent. The finding of D. orientalis and other native enemies indicate that E. adenophorum may gradually naturalize in introduced landscapes. In addition, this ant may have potential for use as a biocontrol agent against the invader.     

紫茎泽兰炭对好氧颗粒污泥处理废水的影响

采用MUASB作为反应器,利用城市污水处理厂的活性污泥为接种污泥,加入不同级数紫茎泽兰炭通过间断曝气方式培养好氧颗粒污泥并用于处理高浓度有机废水。结果发现在20~40目、40~60目、60~80目、80~100目、100~190目紫茎泽兰炭中,添加40~60目紫茎泽兰炭在好氧颗粒污泥处理污水的表现上较为明显。在连续一个月的污水处理中,在好氧颗粒污泥中添加紫茎泽兰炭可调节污泥性能,并提高COD、NH3-N、TP的去除率。在COD8 000 mg/L时去除率达到90%以上,NH3-N去除率最高为99%以上,TP最高去除率达85%以上。     

入侵植物紫茎泽兰叶斑真菌多样性及其致病性研究

 从云南、广西等12个地区的紫茎泽兰和其他8种植物叶片上共分离得到47个真菌菌株.根据菌落、菌丝以及孢子形态,结合18SrRNA基因限制性酶切片段长度多态性(RFLP)分型和序列测定分析,47个菌株共分为了19个类群,系统发育关系与Aspergillusniger,Cladosporiumcladosporioides,Sporisoriumreilianum,Colleto-trichumlupini,Alternaria sp.,Sporobolomycesroseus,Dothideomycetesp.,Phoma sp.,Filobasidiumelegans,Aureobasid-iumpullulans,Rhodotorulaslooffiae,R.glutinis,Penicilliumdecumbens,Pestalotiopsismaculans,Cryptococcusaureus,Bimurianovae-zelandiae,Xylariaceae sp.类似.这些菌株中仅有5个对紫茎泽兰离体叶片表现致病性,在系统发育树上分别和Myrothecium sp.,C.lupini,Alternaria sp.,C.cladosporioides,Dothideomycete sp.聚类.有2个R.gluti-nis菌株对马铃薯和白菜有致病作用,但对紫茎泽兰没有致病力.     

氨态氮浓度及藻体代谢物对裙带菜雄配子体生长的影响

【目的】探讨氨态氮浓度对裙带菜雄配子体生长的影响,找出适合在实验室中培养裙带菜雄配子体的氮浓度。【方法】将裙带菜雄配子体置于不同氮浓度的氮培养液和新旧培养液中培养,用PANLUX照度计测量穿透光强,并计算出消光值;用次溴酸盐氧化法测定溶液中氨氮浓度;记录藻体的初始重量及实验结束时的重量,由此计算特定生长率。【结果】在氨态氮浓度为15 mg/L左右时,裙带菜雄配子体的平均日生长率约为17.7%,显示出良好的长势。相比之下,过高的氨氮浓度不利于藻体的生长。【结论】在一定范围内,提高氮浓度会加快配子体克隆的生长,但过高的氮浓度会影响它的发育。培养液中积累的藻体代谢物对藻体生长没有明显的抑制作用。     

Changes in soil microbial community and enzyme activity along an exotic plant Eupatorium adenophorum invasion in a Chinese secondary forest

The exotic plant,Eupatorium adenophorum,has invaded rapidly across southwest China,damaging native ecosystems and causing great economic losses.Soil microbes,as an important component of belowground community,can drive nutrient cycling and regulate plant competition in terrestrial ecosystems.Therefore,knowledge of the soil microbial community and function will enhance our understanding of the mechanism of exotic plant invasive process in natural ecosystems.In this study,we examined the soil microbial community,soil enzyme activity,soil property and plant community along an invasive gradient of E.adenophorum in a southwest Chinese secondary forest.The soil analysis demonstrated that heavy invasion significantly increased the total P and NO3–-N contents,whereas it significantly decreased the total N and soil organic matter contents.The available P content was significantly decreased by moderate invasion.The E.adenophorum invasion significantly decreased the biomass of total soil microbes,as well as Gram-negative bacteria,actinomycetes,arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM)fungi and non-AM fungi.However,E.adenophorum invasion significantly increased the activities of soil urease,acid phosphatase,polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase.Non-metric multidimensional scaling showed that soil microbial composition and soil enzyme composition were significantly different in the three E.adenophorum invaded sites.Partial Mantel tests indicated that plant composition was the most important factor for structuring soil microbial and enzyme compositions.The results suggest that changes in soil microbial community structure and enzyme activity may play an important role in the process of E.adenophorum invasion in a Chinese secondary forest ecosystem.     

根域限制下绣球根冠关系及光合特性的响应

设置3种不同容器规格，探讨了绣球在形态学、生物量、光合特性、氮素分配及根冠关系等方面对生境变化的具体响应.结果发现：小号容器与大号容器（对照）栽种的绣球的测定指标几乎都存在显著性差异，而中号容器栽种的绣球在冠幅、地上部生物量、花序数量及叶绿素含量上与对照之间不存在显著差异.观测绣球一个生长周期后发现，中号容器可以替代大号容器.研究结果表明：根域限制显著制约绣球生长，主要表现在形态指标、根系生物量、光合速率和根系氮素等方面，揭示了绣球对根域限制的生理生态响应，并为绣球在垂直绿墙中的拓展应用提供理论基础.     

铜、镉及其复合胁迫对麻疯树幼苗生理生化特性的影响

为了研究铜(Cu)、镉(Cd)及其复合胁迫对麻疯树(Jatropha curcas Linn.)幼苗生理生化指标的影响,测定经Cu、Cd及其复合处理后麻疯树幼苗的丙二醛(MDA)含量、根系活力、叶绿素含量、细胞膜透性、可溶性蛋白质含量、可溶性糖含量、过氧化物酶(POD)和脯氨酸含量等的变化情况.研究表明,Cu和Cd的浓...