抽油泵泵阀运动规律研究

在用三元振动求出柱塞，泵筒运动规律的基础上，用空间运动理论对泵阀的运动规律进行了研究，并用微机进行了编程计算，通过不同参数泵阀运动规律影响的分析，得出了降低成本，提高泵阀组件寿命，提高泵效的措施。     

阀盘的运动特性与泵阀失效机理

对钻井泵阀阀盘运动特性进行了计算分析。结果表明，泵阀密封面联接磨损的磨损速度与密封面上的接触比压成正比，泵的冲次是影响阀盘运动规律及对阀座产生冲击的重要因素，泵阀产生磨粒磨损和疲劳磨损的主要原因是泥浆、阀盘和阀座的冲击，冲蚀磨损导致泵阀的刺蚀。因此，优化泵的工作参数是提高泵阀的密封性能、延长其使用寿命的重要途径。     

BW-150泥浆泵中泵阀改进研究

泵阀是泥浆泵中一个非常关键的部件,属于泵的易损件.通过对泵阀的工作原理、阀在稳定与非非稳定状态下的运动规律以及泵阀失效分析,提出了泵阀的几点改进意见,提高了泵阀使用寿命.     

阀盘的运动特性与泵阀失效机理

对钻井泵阀阀盘运动特性进行了计算分析，结果表明，泵阀密封面联接磨损的磨损速度与密封面上的接触比压成正比，泵的冲次是影响阀盘运动规律及对阀座产生冲击的重要因素，泵阀产生磨料磨损的疲劳磨损的主要原因是泥浆，阀盘和阀座的冲击，冲蚀磨损导致泵阀的刺     

有杆抽油泵固定阀阀球运动规律模拟分析*

在常规有杆抽油泵流体进泵过程中,固定阀阀球的运动规律是影响固定阀开启程度、过阀流量以及流体进泵时间的主要因素之一。详细描述分析固定阀阀球的运动规律,对有杆抽油泵进泵流量和开启程度的准确计算具有十分重要的意义。针对以往的固定阀阀球运动规律模型在对阀球受力分析以及求解过程中存在的不足,综合考虑泵阀开启和关闭阶段对阀球运动的影响,对阀球的受力和运动特性进行了全面分析,建立了完善的固定阀阀球运动规律模型。利用该模型可以模拟分析不同因素对阀球运动规律的影响,并对泵阀开启和关闭阶段出现的滞后现象进行了详细的计算分析。     

基于Matlab的有杆抽油泵泵阀运动仿真研究

对有杆抽油泵泵阀运动规律的研究和确定抽油泵泵阀筒内液体压力的分布是提高抽油机井系统效率研究的关键性课题.作者在Matlab软件平台上,利用Simulink分析器对抽油泵泵阀的运动规律进行计算机仿真研究,结果表明,抽油泵泵阀筒内液体压力的分布具有明显的"非线性",抽油泵泵阀运动亦有非线性规律,而且具有"抖动跳跃"现象.这为提高抽油机井的系统效率研究提供了有益借鉴.     

往复泵阀运动规律的测试

本文介绍测试泵阀运动规律所用的传感器及测试系统和相应仪表;并在实验室实测了地质泥浆泵阀的位移曲线、加速度曲线和阀盘滞后活塞动作的时间、高度或角度及泵缸内压力变化曲线,并指出这些曲线的用处。     

煤系地层水平井低流速液流有杆泵泵阀运动特性

综合低沉没度和大斜度等因素耦合作用的影响,推导泵阀阀球伴随弹簧运动和造斜段泵腔液流连续流动的微分方程,建立水平井造斜段泵阀随液流运动的数学模型,依据数值求解结果揭示低流速液流中泵阀伴随弹簧的运动特性。结果表明:低沉没度和大斜度等因素耦合作用下,增大冲程和冲次会提高泵阀阀球伴随弹簧运动的升程、速度和加速度,且增大冲程更有利于提高低流速液流入泵流速并使液流顺利进泵,下冲程中弹簧力与阀球重力的双重作用使得固定阀球伴随弹簧快速复位,这有利于顺利开启游动阀球和提高泵效;低流速液流中水平井泵阀开启瞬间的阀球加速度会出现短暂的周期性波动并在短时间内迅速变小,易引起阀球"抖动"现象并降低泵效,且增大冲程和冲次将缩短阀球加速度趋向平缓的时间。     

深井泵泵内流场的实验研究

应用粒子成像测速（ＰＩＶ）技术对深井泵泵内流场进行了研究，分析了流场对泵阀运动规律的影响以及泵内结构对流场的影响，根据实验结果，建议对混相流深井泵采用偏心球形阀球，对于流道狭小的深井泵采用滴形球阀；对含砂的抽油井所用深井泵，则采用嵌有密封胶皮的锥形阀球，在保证最大过流面积的条件下，阀球罩的断面形状应该尽量采用流线型，以减小过流阻力，应考虑将柱塞的吸入口设计成流线型或喇叭口型，以降低其吸入阻力。在保     

优质压裂泵泵阀分析

压裂泵是油气增产的关键设备之一。由于工作条件相当恶劣,压裂泵的易损件—阀的使用寿命相当低,甚至于不足以完成一次作业(约2.5小时)。为了提高泵阀使用寿命,收集现场使用的优质泵阀,进行材质,金相,宏观和微观失效分析,从中得出一些有益的认识,用来改进国产泵阀、提高其使用寿命以适应压、裂酸化工艺的发展是有必要的。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.