黄果树喀斯特区域苔类植物区系及生态分布的初步研究

本文报道黄果树喀斯特区域苔类植物１５科２０属３３种。本区苔类植物具有叶状体苔类丰富、石生种类发达、区系地理成分复杂等特点。根据喀斯特地貌类型，划分本区苔类植物为四种生态分布类型：峡谷区苔类植物、山原区苔类植物、洞穴群苔类植物和瀑布群苔类植物。     

苔类系统发育研究进展

分子技术的突飞猛进为苔类系统发育的研究开创了新的局面,结合形态学和分子学研究苔类系统发育将成为以后苔类研究的主流方向。本文概述了苔类系统发育的研究近况及其与藓类角苔类的关系。     

环境变化对山东苔类植物影响的研究

为了研究环境变化对山东苔类植物的影响,考察了1998年以前和2008年以后的山东苔类植物区系构成情况.经对比发现近10年以来山东苔类植物的种类明显减少.从温度、降水、海平面、植被、土壤、水和大气等自然环境因子的变化以及人为因素对苔类植物的影响进行了分析,以解释山东苔类植物减少的原因,从而唤起社会的环境保护意识.     

广西猫儿山自然保护区的叶附生苔类植物

首次系统调查了猫儿山自然保护区的叶附生苔类植物区系.通过野外考察和文献考证, 发现猫儿山现有叶附生苔类植物3科8属19种, 其中16种为猫儿山首次发现, 15 种属于典型的叶附生苔类植物.细角管叶苔（Colura tenuicornis）和叶生角鳞苔（Drepanolejeunea foliicola）为广西苔类植物新记录.叶附生的管叶苔属（Colura）为广西新记录属.猫儿山的叶附生苔类植物区系的主要成分为东亚成分（占36.84%）, 这反映了猫儿山的叶附生苔类植物区系具有显著的东亚特点.异胞扁萼苔为Radula gedena Gottsche ex Steph.的新拟名.     

黑龙江七台河下白垩统苔类化石Marchantiolites blairmorensis发现及其地质意义

近来于黑龙江七台河勃利盆地城子河组中发现了一种大型叶状体苔类化石.借鉴蕨类化石羽状复叶结构的描述方法,提出了一套新的术语并用来准确描述这种苔类化石.在体式显微镜和扫描电镜下详细研究了这种二歧式分叉的大型叶状体苔类的宏观和微观特征,并与同时代或同分布区的其他苔类化石分析对比后,确定为古似地钱属的Marchantiolites blairmorensis.这种苔类化石在黑龙江的首次发现表明早白垩世M.blairmorensis在中国的分布区已北延至黑龙江东部,亦佐证了城子河组的地质时代为早白垩世,并推论勃利盆地当时的古生态环境为溪流发育、植被繁盛的湖泊沼泽环境.     

浙江乌岩岭叶附生苔类植物的研究

本文报导了浙江乌岩岭叶附生苔类植物3科13属18种,其中鞍叶苔属[Tuyamaella Hatt.是华东地区的新记录属。迄今为止,乌岩岭叶附生苔类植物的种类仅次于福建武夷山而在华东地区名列第二。本文还对乌岩岭叶附生苔类植物的特点及其与华东其它地区叶附生苔类植物的关系作了分析。作者推测,在我国东南部湿度较高的常绿阔叶林内,鞍叶苔[Tuyamaella molischii](Schiffn.)Hatt.]有广泛分布的可能性。     

浙江乌岩岭叶附生苔类植物的研究

本文报导了浙江乌岩岭叶附生苔类植物3科13属18种,其中鞍叶苔属[Tuyamaella Hatt.是华东地区的新记录属.迄今为止,乌岩岭叶附生苔类植物的种类仅次于福建武夷山而在华东地区名列第二.本文还对乌岩岭叶附生苔类植物的特点及其与华东其它地区叶附生苔类植物的关系作了分析.作者推测,在我国东南部湿度较高的常绿阔叶林内,鞍叶苔[Tuyamaella molischii](Schiffn.)Hatt.]有广泛分布的可能性.     

佛坪国家级自然保护区苔类植物的调查研究

报道了位于秦岭南坡中段的佛坪国家级自然保护区所产的苔类植物１３科、１４属、２１种,并对它们在该区的分布进行了记述,为秦岭地区苔类植物的研究提供了基本资料。     

海南霸王岭自然保护区叶附生苔类植物

通过野外考察和文献考证,发现霸王岭自然保护区有叶附生苔类植物6科20属59种,并对叶附生苔类植物的类型和区系组成进行了研究.Radula cavifolia和Radula gedena为海南苔类新记录.霸王岭的典型性叶附生苔类植物有37种,占总数的62.71%.细鳞苔科(Lejeuneaceae)是最大的科,其中种数最多的是疣鳞苔属(Cololejeunea),共21种,占总种数的35.59%.该区区系成分中热带成分48种,处主导地位,占总种数的81.36%,东亚成分10种,占总种数的16.95%.     

呼伦贝尔沙地苔藓植物区系组成与生长型构成研究

在2015年系统野外调查基础上,研究了呼伦贝尔沙地苔藓植物区系组成和生长型构成与分布,结果如下：（1）发现苔藓植物29科77属147种,其中,苔类6科6属9种,藓类23科71属138种;优势科有柳叶藓科Amblystegiaceae、青藓科Brachytheciaceae、灰藓科Hypnaceae、丛藓科Pottiaceae、真藓科Bryaceae和曲尾藓科Dicranaceae等;优势属有青藓属Brachythecium、真藓属Bryum、镰刀藓属Drepanocladus等;（2）可划分8种地理成分类型,北温带成分显著最多（96种,65.31%）,其次是世界广布种（20种,13.61%）和东亚成分（13种,8.84%）,热带成分数量很少;（3）147种包含一级生长型9种苔类、138种藓类,二级生长型茎叶体苔类6种、叶状体苔类3种、顶蒴藓类70种、侧蒴藓类68种;从沙地东南部森林草原气候区到西北和西南草原气候区物种数量明显减少,对水分要求较高的茎叶体苔类、叶状体苔类和侧蒴藓类的分布受到不同程度的影响;头道桥林场、辉河林场、红花尔基国家森林公园和海拉尔国家森林公园可作为研究区苔藓植物多...     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-