基于邻介熵和邻度熵的复杂网络中心性算法

识别复杂网络的重要节点是复杂网络研究的关键点,也是网络稳定性判定的重要理论基础.常用的识别节点影响力的中心性指标有介数中心性、度中心性、特征向量中心性和K-core 中心性等,这些指标在识别重要节点时存在一定的局限性.为了解决以上问题,将节点v_i的邻居节点集划分成关联邻居节点集(MR)和非关联邻居节点集(M_UR),结合图的信息熵以及节点的介数中心性和度中心性,提出新的中心性指标,即基于邻介熵(NBE)和邻度熵(NDE)的关联邻居中心性RNC 和非关联邻居中心性URNC.实验通过动态攻击来评估新的中心性指标在一个实验网络模型和五个真实网络上的效率,结果表明,新的中心性比传统的中心性具有更高的识别重要节点的效率.     

一种基于区域划分和内容流行度的NDN缓存策略

针对命名网络中路由器缓存能力有限的问题,提出了一种基于区域划分和内容流行度的NDN缓存策略(CCNCP).该策略根据拓扑结构划分区域,并综合衡量节点重要性选出局部中心节点和全局中心节点;引入分类的内容流行度,合理地将不同流行度的内容缓存在不同重要度的节点.首先采用经典的GN算法进行社区划分.定义了度中心性、紧密中心性、介数中心性等中心性度量指标.然后建立了系统模型,给出了缓存策略.最后对Zachary空手道俱乐部网络的社团结构进行改编,并引入真实拓扑GARR,使用Icarus模拟器进行仿真试验.结果表明：CCNCP在2个不同网络结构中表现得最好;当参数S等于0.25时,CCNCP和第2好缓存策略ProbCache的缓存命中率、延迟、路径拉伸比分别为30.9%和26.8%、52.9和56.2 ms、0.584和0.617,前者比后者分别提高4.1%、降低5.9%、降低5.3%,可见CCNCP在3个指标上与现有的典型策略相比都具有显著优势.     

基于电阻网络的节点重要性判别

节点中心性是复杂网络研究的关键问题之一.我们从电阻网络出发,基于基尔霍夫电流定律,定义了一种新的中心性指标KL(G),该指标由通过节点的电流和基于度的电流方差构成.这个指标在网络流的基础上考虑了网络的全局信息和节点所处位置的局部信息.我们将指标应用于实际网络中,发现其可以识别出对于社团结构来说重要的节点,结合辅助指标w还可以区分社团重叠节点和桥节点.     

基于中心度发现的中心社团

使用度中心度与流介数中心度相结合的方法,首先计算出节点的度中心度和流介数中心度,得出网络中的几何中心点和信息、物质或能量在网络上传输时经过路径最多的节点,并将这两个指标作为一个整体考虑,得到这两个指标相对比较大的节点,再在这些节点和其邻居节点上利用CPM社团发现算法,从而发现网络中的中心社团.此方法可以发现网络中相对"重要"的社团,对复杂网络上的传播机理、相继故障等分析都有一定的意义.随后利用该方法分析兰州市公共交通线路网络的中心社团结构,结果表明该社团在网络中的确可以起到比较重要的作用.     

时序超网络上重要节点挖掘方法研究

在如何识别时序超网络上的重要节点方面取得了一定的进展。定义了该类网络上度量节点重要性程度的8个中心性方法及随机移除节点的基线方法，分别侧重于网络不同的拓扑结构性质和时间特征，从多个角度综合考虑了该类网络上节点的重要性。同时，构建了时序超网络上的SI传播模型，基于该模型提出了新的评估方法来衡量所提出的中心性方法的有效性。研究表明，在时序超网络上，基于最快到达路径的介数中心性方法是评价该类网络上节点重要性的良好指标。此外，基于时间分辨率的度和超度中心性方法通过寻找网络的最佳时间分辨率，可以进一步优化普通的度和超度中心性方法，弥补了普通方法不能有效考虑网络时间信息的缺点，且在多个真实网络上表现出与介数中心性方法相当的性能。     

基于度与H指数扩展的复杂网络节点排序方法

在复杂网络中常用的识别节点影响力的中心性指标有介数中心性、度中心性、紧密中心性、H指数中心性和K-shell中心性等,这些指标在识别有影响力的节点时存在一定的局限性.本文在H指数中心性与度中心性的基础上提出了局部DH指数中心性指标来识别网络中有影响力的节点,该指标考虑了节点自身的度与H指数以及邻居节点的H指数.通过SIR传播模型以及单调函数(M)两种方法评价了各中心性方法识别网络中节点影响力的有效性.实验结果分析表明,在一些网络中该指标较一些常用的中心性方法能够更有效地识别网络中节点的影响力.     

基于精准k核的复杂网络节点重要性评估方法

由于k核存在破坏网络整体结构信息、忽略邻居节点影响力等缺点,导致每个节点难以量化区分.为了提高关键节点的识别精度,首先改进了k核的分解过程,提出了精准k核Ak.考虑到网络中局部特征信息和全局结构信息对节点的影响,将精准k核应用到重力中心性中,并提出了精准重力中心性AGC.信息学中的香农熵在网络关键节点识上具有良好的扩展性,通过结合邻域度中心性、邻域精准k核以及精准重力中心性三者的香农熵,最终提出了混合中心性MC对节点重要性进行多元评估.在7种真实网络下,对MC和其他节点评估指标分别从单调性和准确性上进行了一系列实验,实验结果表明MC具有更好的关键节点识别性能.     

基于复杂网络理论的中国城市航空网络有向加权分析

为了科学优化中国航空网络资源分配、测评特殊机场的重要地位,本文运用复杂网络理论,构建中国城市航空有向加权网络,探究其网络结构特征并以度中心性、介数中心性、入强度为指标进行节点重要性排序筛选国内重要机场节点。结果表明,中国城市航空网络的节点度值和边权值分布都具有异质性,是一个无标度网络;不同方法筛选出的重要机场节点基本一致,筛选结果为网络整体管控提供有效意见;ZWWW、ZYHB机场在介数中心性相对其他指标较高,在网络中具有重要的中转作用。     

极端行情下中国股市社团结构及系统性风险分析

以2008,2015年国内两次股灾为背景,分别构建股灾前、中、后的中国股市网络社团结构.基于网络中心性构建节点系统重要性及股市系统性风险指标,分析各时期网络社团内核心股票、行业、股票组合及其变化,探究系统性风险与网络拓扑指标、宏观经济指标的相关性.结果表明:股灾期间,工业板块受挫严重,原材料、金融地产、医药卫生板块发挥护盘及修复股指的作用;发现3种特殊的社团结构及部分社团间出现相互融合的趋势;在股指极端波动时期,中国股市系统性风险与部分网络拓扑指标及宏观经济指标具有显著相关性.     

基于介度熵的复杂网络节点重要度识别方法

现有复杂网络通常会受到随机攻击和蓄意攻击,导致复杂网络拓扑结构的可靠性性能下降.为了解决以上问题,基于图熵,结合节点的介数中心性和其所有邻居节点的度中心性,提出一种新的攻击策略,即介度熵( BE),用来识别网络中的重要节点并加以保护.实验分别通过静态攻击和动态攻击来评估攻击策略在3个标准网络模型和3个真实网络上的效率,通过比较,介度熵比传统的攻击策略具有更高的攻击效率.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.