拉萨河流域中下游地区水化学及 地表水-地下水转化关系研究

为研究拉萨河流域中下游地区水化学及地表水地下水转化关系,利用水化学资料分析了不同水体水化学和稳定同位素特征,并探讨了地表水-地下水之间的转化关系。结果表明:拉萨河流域中下游地区不同水体中主要离子含量均较低,矿化度较低,呈弱碱性,水化学类型均以HCO_3·SO_4(SO_4·HCO_3)-Ca·Mg(Mg·Ca)型为主。不同水体的水化学组成主要受岩石风化作用控制,且以碳酸盐岩和硅酸盐岩的溶解风化为主。水化学及同位素分析表明:水样点可分为地表水、地下水以及混合区三个区域,说明研究区地表水和地下水水力联系密切,存在明显的转化关系;地表水、地下水、泉水的主要来源均为大气降水,不同水体均受到不同程度的蒸发作用影响;支流地表水主要受地下水补给,拉萨河中下游地表水和地下水存在地段性互补关系,拉萨河是区域地下水的主要排泄通道。     

大汶河流域上游典型剖面地下水水化学特征及其影响因素分析

为了解大汶河流域上游地下水水化学特征及其主要离子成因,选取两条典型剖面,采集了21组水样数据,利用数理统计分析、聚类分析、离子比分析、同位素分析等方法探讨其水化学特征及主要物质来源。结果表明,流域内各类地下水阳离子以Ca²⁺为主,HCO3^-、SO4^2-为优势阴离子,属于低矿化度水,pH均值7-8之间,整体偏弱碱性。研究区地下水水化学类型主要为 HCO3.SO4-Ca型、HCO3.SO4-Ca.Mg型、SO4.HCO3-Ca.Mg型。其中岩溶水中沿地下水流向从补给区向径流区SO4^2-离子含量逐渐增大,水化学类型由HCO3.SO4-Ca.Mg型演变为SO4.HCO3-Ca.Mg型,Na⁺ 、Ca²⁺ 、HCO3^- 、SO4^2-来源为白云石、方解石等碳酸盐矿物溶解和石膏等硫酸盐矿物溶解。研究表明流域内地下水主要来源于大气降水,大气降水和孔隙水的入渗补给是岩溶水的补给来源。地表水与孔隙水氢氧同位素特征相似,并且δD值为-60‰～-50‰,δ¹⁸O值为-6‰～-4‰,说明其受到当地降水二次蒸发补给的影响。通过对流域水化学特征及物质来源的分析,以期对大汶河流域地下水资源的合理开发利用和水污染的防治提供科学的依据。     

陇东黄土高原董志塬区地下水水化学特征与14C年龄

研究陇东黄土高原董志塬区第四系地下水与马莲河沿岸地下水、地表水水化学离子分布、氢氧同位素特征与14C年龄,了解董志塬区第四系地下水的水文地球演化规律与地下水补给来源.结果表明,董志塬第四系地下水总体矿化度较低,水质较好,主要由HCO3-Ca型过渡到HCO3-Ca-Na型水.水岩作用不强烈,受到阳离子交换反应和同离子效应...     

高放废物处置库因格井预选区水化学—同位素分析

因格井坳陷是中国高放废物地质处置库黏土岩重要预选场址之一。选取研究区19组水样作为研究对象,利用Piper三线图和Gibbs图等方法,探讨该区域的地下水化学特征和氢氧同位素特征,主要结论是:研究区的地表水和地下水的水化学类型主要是Cl-SO_4-Na-Ca型或Cl-SO_4-Na型,水化学类型差别不大;pH大多落在7~9之间,TDS值均小于100 g·L~(-1),两者符合中国黏土岩选址的基本标准;地下水主要接受大气降水的补给,地表水的补给作用不明显,初步认为,就水文地质条件而言,因格井坳陷预选区适合建造高放废物处置库。     

非均质裂隙渗流场研究中的水化学方法

采用水化学分析、氢氧同位素示踪和氯离子质量平衡法相结合的手段，对非洲博茨瓦纳的帕拉匹水源地的地下水资源进行分析。结果表明该水源地有2层水化学类型不同的含水层，即茨瓦蓬和鲁村纳2个含水层，而且地下水主要在裂隙网络中运动。氢氧同位素示踪说明茨瓦蓬含水层的地下水主要来源于未受强烈蒸发的大气降水补给，用氯离子质量平衡法计算大气降水补给每年约17mm。     

干旱半干旱荒漠化草原区降水-地表水-地下水同位素分布特征——以达尔罕茂明安联合旗为例

为能揭示出研究尚处于初级阶段的干旱半干旱荒漠化草原区水循环机理,本文应用被视为水体“DNA”探索的同位素示踪方法,对以达尔罕茂明安联合旗为例的干旱半干旱荒漠化草原区所采集的降水、地表水和地下水中同位素含量的时空分布特征进行探究。根据降水氢氧同位素含量及其氘盈余(d)值的变化过程,发现研究区大气降水水汽在夏季主要受海洋季风的影响、冬季主要受蒙古高压影响,而且从时空变化来看研究区地表水和地下水同位素含量随时间变化不大但由于纬度和降水源区不同的影响随着自西向东的空间变化各水体同位素含量逐渐变大。此外,研究区地表水和地下水同位素含量均散落于当地大气降水方程线下方,说明研究区域内地表水和地下水的补给来源主要为降水,并且部分区域地表水与地下水同位素含量分布比较集中,属于交叉分布,说明这些区域还存在地表水和地下水转换互补。     

沂沭河下游平原地下水化学及氢氧稳定同位素特征

为研究沂沭河下游平原地下水化学及氢氧稳定同位素特征,采用数理统计、Piper三线图、δD-δ~(18)O关系图法进行分析。结果表明:北部丘岗区地下水以淡水为主,水化学类型沿地下水流向的变化为HCO_3·Cl-Ca·Na型→Cl·HCO_3-Na·Ca型→Cl·HCO_3-Na型,裂隙水和孔隙水均为大气降水补给,后者受蒸发较强;由于沉积环境不同,东部滨海平原区浅层水TDS明显高于深层水,浅层水水化学类型由陆向海的变化为HCO_3型水→HCO_3·Cl型水→Cl·HCO_3型水→Cl型水,深层水的水化学类型由陆向海的变化为HCO_3型水→HCO_3·Cl型水→Cl·HCO_3型水,浅层水与深层水水力联系较弱,浅层水主要接受大气降水补给,而深层水则为侧向径流补给。     

胶州湾北岸不同水体水化学及氢氧同位素特征研究

为研究胶州湾北岸不同水体的水化学及氢氧同位素特征,通过样品测试及特征分析,揭示研究区地下水和地表水的水化学特征、补给来源和相互转化关系。研究结果表明：研究区基岩裂隙水水化学类型以Cl－Ca和Cl－Na.Ca型为主,TDS变化范围为582～1708 mg/l,整体以淡水为主,部分点位受海水入侵影响,呈微咸水特征;第四系孔隙水以Cl－Na和Cl.SO4－Na型为主,整体为咸水且化学组分较稳定;河水和胶州湾海水主要为Cl－Na型,河水水化学组分变化程度较大,受大气降水影响呈微咸水—咸水特征。水样点在Piper三线图上分为裂隙水分布区、孔隙水分布区和孔隙水与地表水混合区三个区域,说明研究区地表水和孔隙水具有密切水力联系,相互转化关系明显。祥茂河河水的主要来源为大气降水;洪江河、墨水河河水为大气降水与海水的混合水,且墨水河受海水混合影响程度大于洪江河;胶州湾海水为河水和标准海水的混合水。地下水主要接受大气降水的补给,不同水体受到不同程度的蒸发作用影响,孔隙水受蒸发作用影响较裂隙水强烈,且裂隙水和孔隙水存在密切的水力联系,孔隙水接受裂隙水的补给。     

西北某区地下水同位素特征分析

采用环境同位素和水化学等分析方法,通过分析研究西北某区地下水的环境同位素特征和化学特征,确定了该研究区内地下水的起源及其相对年龄,明确了地下水的相对补给区与排泄区。研究结果表明,区内地下水的化学类型主要为SO4.Cl-Na.Ca型,地下水赋存的环境属于弱碱性强氧化环境,最终来源主要为大气降水,大部分属于古老地下水,且地下水同位素δ值高程效应明显。地下水的补给和更新能力很差,呈现出研究区含水系统水循环交替速度很慢,更新周期很长的特征。     

全安盆地水文地质特征及热水成因分析

在简要分析全安盆地水文地质特征、地下水赋存条件及划分地下水类型基础上,对盆地西部周地-暖水塘地区地下热水形成原因、赋存环境进行研究,认为多期次构造运动形成的断裂、裂隙沟通深部地下热水是盆地热水来源的主要原因;采取地下热水样品并开展氢氧稳定同位素、选出气体、水化学成份测试,认为地下热水由大气降水补给,长期水动态观测结果也显示大气降水与地下热水关系较密切.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.