反应火焰喷涂TiC/Fe金属陶瓷复合涂层的组织结构

采用钛铁矿粉、石墨粉和铁粉为主要原料,利用反应火焰喷涂技术成功制备了TiC/Fe金属陶瓷复合涂层. 采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜、透射电镜等手段,研究了涂层的显微组织结构. 结果表明,反应火焰喷涂TiC/Fe复合涂层主要由TiC和Fe两相组成. 涂层具有多层多相的结构,即由TiC含量不同的片层交替叠加而成;在富TiC片层中,大量的、比较细小的(粒度小于0.5 μm)、大致呈球形的TiC颗粒弥散分布在Fe基体上. 这种显微组织结构有利于改善金属陶瓷涂层的耐磨性能.     

反应等离子喷涂制备原位TiC颗粒增强Fe基金属陶瓷涂层

以钛铁粉、铁粉和蔗糖(碳的前驱体)为原料,采用前驱体热分解复合技术制备了Fe-Ti-C系反应热喷涂粉末,并通过普通等离子喷涂技术原位合成并沉积了TiC/Fe金属陶瓷复合涂层.利用XRD、SEM和EDS研究了喷涂粉末和复合涂层的相组成和显微结构.结果表明:前驱体热分解复合技术制备的Fe-Ti-C反应喷涂粉末粒径均匀,原料粉末颗粒间的结合强度高;所制备的TiC/Fe复合涂层主要由不同含量TiC颗粒分布于金属Fe基体内部而形成的复合片层叠加而成;TiC颗粒大致呈球形,粒径呈纳米级;TiC理论质量分数53%的TiC/Fe金属陶瓷涂层的耐磨粒磨损性能较好,SRV磨损实验中涂层的磨损面积为基体(45钢)的1/25左右.     

原位自生TiC/Ni复合材料涂层滑动磨损行为

为了提高16Mn钢的干滑动磨损耐磨性能，以Ni60、钛粉和石墨粉为原料对16Mn钢表面进行感应熔敷处理，制备出以TiC颗粒为增强相的原位自生复合涂层，利用金相、SEM、XRD等技术分析了涂层的显微组织，在室温干滑动磨损试验条件下测试了涂层的耐磨性。结果表明：涂层中TiC颗粒均匀分布于共晶基体上，整个涂层组织均匀、无气孔、无裂纹：涂层与基材形成了良好的冶金结合，涂层具有很高的硬度，在室温干滑动磨损试验条件下具有优异的耐磨性能。     

原位合成TiC/Ni40钢结硬质合金组织与性能研究

以钛铁粉、铬铁粉、铁粉、镍粉和胶体石墨等为原料,原位合成了TiC/自熔合金Ni40钢结硬质合金,并用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪和洛氏硬度计等对所制备的试样进行了组织结构和硬度分析.研究结果表明所合成的钢结硬质合金主要相组成为TiC和Fe-Cr-Ni固熔体,所合成的硬质相TiC颗粒细小,随烧结温度升高TiC颗粒略有长大.原位合成TiC/Ni40钢结硬质合金的密度和硬度则因烧结温度和硬质相TiC的含量不同而有所不同.原位合成TiC/Ni40钢结硬质合金的密度在5.35～5.96×103 kg/m3之间,硬度在HRC58.5～70.5之间.     

激光熔覆原位自生TiC增强Ni3(Si,Ti)金属间化合物复合涂层研究

运用激光熔覆技术在GH864镍基合金表面制备原位自生TiC颗粒,以增强Ni3(Si,Ti)金属间化合物复合涂层.实验结果表明:利用激光表面熔覆技术,可以在镍基合金表面直接原位合成TiC颗粒增强的Ni3(Si,Ti)金属间化合物复合涂层、涂层和基体呈良好的冶金结合,涂层宏观质量完好,无裂纹和气孔等缺陷.涂层组织由γ Ni、Ni3(Si,Ti)、Ni5Si2和TiC组成.涂层的显微硬度可达HV780,是基材显微硬度的2.5倍.     

SHS-加压法制备TiC/Ni梯度材料

采用SHS-加压法制TiC/Ni梯度材料。在TiC-Ni的燃烧烧结过程中,C溶入Ti-Ni溶液中,TiC从其中析出,TiC-Ni通过在压力下的液相烧结形成TiC/Ni梯度材料。TiC晶粒尺寸随Ni量的增加而变小是由于Ni稀释剂降低了燃烧温度。TiC外形随Ni量的减少由球形变为多边形,多边形晶粒的形成是液相烧结时组织调整的结果。     

高能球磨对TiC0.5/Cu(Al)复合材料组织和性能的影响

以Ti2AlC和Cu粉作为原料,分别采用滚筒球磨和高能球磨对原料粉进行预混处理,在1 150℃下原位热压反应制备了TiC0.5/Cu(Al)复合材料.实验结果表明,Al从Ti2AlC溶出进入Cu中,Ti2AlC分解并转变成TiC0.5相,然而滚筒球磨制备的复合材料中生成少量AlCu2Ti相.通过对原料粉高能球磨处理,制备后的复合材料AlCu2Ti相消失,细小的TiC0.5颗粒均匀分布于基体中.两种不同方法制备的复合材料的弯曲强度和维氏硬度试验结果表明,高能球磨工艺能提高TiC0.5/Cu(Al)复合材料的弯曲强度,同时维氏硬度略有降低.其中,高能球磨处理后制备的27％ TiC0.5/Cu(Al)复合材料的弯曲强度达到981 MPa,维氏硬度为2.43 GPa.     

LISHS法制备TiC粉末的微观结构和相成分的分析

采用激光引燃自蔓延高温合成方法(LISHS)制备了TiC粉末.研究了Al含量、C/Ti原子比和激光平均能量对合成产物密度、相成分、微观结构、颗粒尺寸以及TiC的化学计量数的影响.试验结果表明:随着Al含量的增加,TiC颗粒尺寸减小;随着激光平均能量的增加,TiC颗粒逐渐从多角形向球形转变;随着C/Ti原子比的增加,体系中生成Al3Ti相的含量逐渐减少,生成TiC相的数量逐渐增加.     

HVOF制备的Ni60/WC-10Co4Cr涂层组织和滑动磨损性能研究

为了降低超音速火焰(HVOF)喷涂金属陶瓷涂层的材料和加工成本,使其在更大范围内替代会给环境带来严重污染的电镀硬铬(EHC)涂层,本文将不同比例的Ni60与WC-10Co4Cr相混合,并采用HVOF喷涂工艺分别制备了5种金属陶瓷复合涂层.研究了这些涂层的显微组织、基本性能和滑动磨损性能,并将其与EHC涂层进行对比.结果表明:所有HVOF喷涂工艺制备的Ni60/WC-10Co4Cr涂层都很致密(孔隙率小于1%),随着WC-10Co4Cr比例的增加,Ni60/WC-10Co4Cr涂层的硬度从688.3 HV0.3增加到1 203.4HV0.3,磨损率由2.75×10~(-5) mm~3/N·m降低到7.29×10~(-7) mm~3/N·m.并且,所有HVOF喷涂工艺制备的涂层和与其配对的摩擦副的磨损率以及磨擦系数均低于EHC涂层,表现出良好的抗滑动磨损性能.     

Ti-Ni-C系反应超音速火焰喷涂合成研究

以Ti粉、Ni粉和石墨为原料,制备了3种喷涂粉末,研究了制粒方式和粉末组成对超音速火焰合成金属陶瓷涂层组织的影响。结果表明,制粒方式在喷涂过程中对反应程度和涂层相组成起到关键的影响作用,聚乙烯醇(PVA)制粒比混合制粒更有利于喷涂过程中反应的进行,PVA制粒粉末喷涂涂层的相组成为TiC,Ni和少量Ti与Ni的氧化物,混合制粒粉末喷涂涂层中含有大量的氧化物相;超音速火焰喷涂合成过程中,粉末组分中一定量的Ti和Ni被氧化,增加Ni与C的含量对喷涂粉末的氧化有一定的抑制作用。     

Al-Ti-C体系自蔓延高温合成TiC的形态演变

利用真空自蔓延加热-加压装置,采用X射线衍射(X-ray diffraction,XRD)、扫描电镜(scanning electron microscope,SEM)及能谱(energy dispersive spectrum,EDS)等分析测试手段,研究了Al含量、粉末粒度及C/Ti(原子比,下同)对Al-Ti-C体系自蔓延点燃温度、产物相组成及TiC形态的影响。结果表明,Al含量对TiC的尺寸影响最大,随着Al含量由20%(质量分数,下同)增加到50%时,TiC颗粒的尺寸由3～5μm减小到0.7～0.8μm。C粉粒度和C/Ti对TiC的形貌影响最大,当C粉粒度小于75μm或C/Ti≥1时,TiC的形貌为近球形;然而当C粉粒度不小于75μm或C/Ti1时,TiC的形貌为八面体。     

放电等离子烧结合成TiC/TiB_2颗粒增强的超细晶钛基复合材料

采用放电等离子烧结技术结合非晶晶化法制备了不同体积分数的TiC/TiB2颗粒增强的超细晶钛基复合材料.运用X射线衍射分析、扫描电子显微镜和万能材料试验机等实验手段,对合成的超细晶钛基复合材料进行测试分析.结果表明：随着外加TiC/TiB2颗粒的增加,钛基复合材料试样的致密度逐渐降低.TiC颗粒与基体不发生反应,而TiB2颗粒的加入改变了TiB2颗粒与基体界面的组织形貌,但对远离界面处的基体组织形貌没有影响,其组织均由-Ti（Nb）相和（Cu,Ni）-Ti2相组成,且-Ti（Nb）相连续分布.同时,TiC颗粒的增强效果优于TiB2颗粒,35vol.%（体积分数）TiC颗粒增强的复合材料试样的断裂强度最高,达2209MPa.     

TiC/Fe cermet coating by plasma cladding using asphalt as a carbonaceous precursor

A new Ti-Fe-C compound powder for plasma cladding was prepared by heating a mixture powder of ferrotitanium and asphalt pyro-lyzed as a carbonaceous precursor. The carbon by the pyrolysis of the asphalt acts as a reactive constituent as well as a binder in the compound powder. The TiC/Fe cermet coatings were prepared by plasma cladding with the compound powder. Results show that the Ti-Fe-C compound powder has a very tight structure, which can avoid the problem of the reactive constituent particles being separated during cladding. The TiC/Fe cermet coating presents a typical morphology of plasma cladding coatings with two different laminated layers: one is the composite layer in which the round fine TiC particles (<500 nm) are dispersed within a Fe matrix, the other is the paragentic layer of TiC and Ti2O3. The coating shows high hardness and excellent wear resistance. The surface hardness of the coating is 68 ± 5(HR30N). In the same fretting conditions, the wear area of Ni60 coating is about 11 times as much as the TiC/Fe cermet coating.     

TiC/Fe cermet coating by plasma cladding using asphalt as carbonaceous precursor

A new Ti-Fe-C compound powder for plasma cladding was prepared by heating a mixture powder of ferrotitanium and asphalt pyrolyzed as carbonaceous precursor. The carbon by the pyrolysis of the asphalt acts as a reactive constituent as well as a binder in the compound powder. TiC/Fe cermet coatings were prepared by plasma cladding with the compound powder. Results show that the Ti-Fe-C compound powder has a very tight structure, which can avoid the problem that reactive constituent particles are separated during cladding. The TiC/Fe cermet coating presents a typical morphology of plasma cladding coatings with two different laminated layers: one is the composite layers in which the round fine TiC particles (<500nm) are dispersed within a Fe matrix, the other is the paragentic layers of TiC and Ti₂O₃. The coating shows high hardness and excellent wear resistance. The surface hardness of the coating is 68±5(HR30N). In the same fretting conditions, the wear area of Ni60 coating is about 11 times as much as the TiC/Fe cermet coating.     

TiC/Fe cermet coating by plasma cladding using asphalt as carbonaceous precursor

A new Ti-Fe-C compound powder for plasma cladding was prepared by heating a mixture powder of ferrotitaniurn and asphalt pyro- lyzed as a carbonaceous precursor. The carbon by the pyrolysis of the asphalt acts as a reactive constituent as well as a binder in the compound powder. The TiC/Fe cermet coatings were prepared by plasma cladding with the compound powder. Results show that the Ti-Fe-C compound powder has a very tight structure, which can avoid the problem of the reactive constituent particles being separated during cladding. The TiC/Fe cermet coating presents a typical morphology of plasma cladding coatings with two different laminated layers： one is the composite layer in which the round fine TiC particles （〈500 nm） are dispersed within a Fe matrix, the other is the paragentic layer of TiC and Ti2O3. The coating shows high hardness and excellent wear resistance. The surface hardness of the coating is 68 ± 5（HR30N）. In the same fretting conditions, the wear area of Ni60 coating is about Ⅱ times as much as the TiC/Fe cermet coating.     

原位合成TiC颗粒增强铝基复合材料及其磨损性能

利用原位合成的方法在几种锻铝基体中合成了TiC颗粒.X射线衍射谱表明,在复合材料的显微组织中TiC是惟一反应生成物.与基体材料相比,引入TiC后材料的耐磨性能有很大幅度的提高,且磨损性能与基体材料的强度之间没有必然的联系.对磨损试样表面的sEM观察显示,在磨损过程中TiC颗粒凸起于基体,在表面起支撑载荷的作用,同时使摩擦副(滚轮)与基体表面之间形成一个储存润滑油的间隙,从而改善了磨损过程中的润滑条件,减小了试样的磨损量.     

TSCR流程生产钛微合金化高强耐候钢中的析出物

运用电子显微镜和化学相分析等多种实验手段研究了Ti微合金化高强耐候钢中的析出物,并在热力学计算的基础上分析了其析出过程. 结果表明:钢中主要存在TiC,TiCN,Ti4C2S2,TiN等析出物,连轧前TiN的析出过程已基本完成;大量纳米尺寸的TiC球形析出物粒子在铁素体的位错线上分布;Ti含量增加改变了MC相的粒度分布,小尺寸粒子的体积分数显著增加,增强了沉淀强化的效果.     

机械合金化制备碳化钛纳米粉体的合成机理研究

本研究中,以金属钛(Ti)粉与环己烷为原料,利用机械合金化制备了碳化钛(TiC)纳米粉体。利用X射线衍射并结合Rietveld精修对球磨产物进行定性与定量分析;借助透射电子显微镜对产物进行形貌与元素以及结晶性进行分析;对球磨过程中TiC的合成机理进行了研究。结果表明,球磨产物中主相为TiC,另有少量残留的氢化钛(TiH2)与Ti;所制备TiC粉体易于团聚、颗粒度均匀、结晶性良好;TiC合成机理属于扩散型机制。     

TiC/TiAl复合材料微观结构观察及强韧化机理分析

采用放电等离子烧结(SPS)技术，制备了质量分数为10％的TiC／TiAl复合材料，从微观结构上研究了TiC颗粒对TiAl基体材料力学性能的影响。实验结果表明：在TiC，TiAl复合材料中TiC颗粒主要分布于晶界，少量进入基体晶粒的内部，形成晶内型结构；TiC颗粒的引入细化基体晶粒的尺寸，有效地阻碍材料内部裂纹扩展，引起裂纹偏转，增加其扩展路径，改善材料的韧性，同时在晶界和晶内形成了一系列位错。位错强化与细晶强化是主要的强化机制，TiC／TiAl复合材料韧性的提高主要源于TiC粒子对裂纹的偏转。     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">In situ</Emphasis> synthesis of TiC reinforced Cu<Subscript>47</Subscript>Ti<Subscript>34</Subscript>Zr<Subscript>11</Subscript>Ni<Subscript>8</Subscript> bulk metallic glass composites

In situ synthesized TiC particles and β-Ti dendrites reinforced Cu47Ti34Zr11Ni8 bulk metallic glass (BMG) composite ingots were prepared by the suction casting method.The ingots with diameters from 1 up to 4mm were successfully obtained. It was shown that introducing TiC micro-sized particles into the amorphous matrix did not disturb the glass forming ability (GFA) of the matrix,while the yield strength and ductility could be well improved.The phase constitution, microstructure and elements distribution in the composites were studied by OM, XRD, SEM and EDS.It was shown that the in situ synthesized TiC particles acting as heterogeneous nucleation sites promoted the precipitation of β-Ti dendrites, resulting in the formation of the TiC particles and β-Ti dendrites co-reinforced BMG composites. The compressive tests were employed to probe the yield strength and ductility of BMG composites.