焊接热影响区组织对腐蚀疲劳的影响

利用焊接热模拟技术，在Ｇｌｅｅｂｌｅ－１５００热模拟机上模拟了ＨＡＺ粗晶区和正火区组织，采用四点弯曲疲劳法测定了Ａ５３７钢的热模拟组织在３．５％ＮａＣｌ水溶液和空气中的裂纹扩展速率，并测定了组织的电化学极化曲线，分析了各种不同组织对ｄａ／ｄｎ－△Ｋ关系的影响，研究了模拟ＨＡＺ组织的腐蚀疲劳机理。     

ZG45铸造表面合金化层的组织与性能分析

用透射电镜对ＺＧ４５铸造表面合金化层观察表明：表面合金化层内有合金碳化物、马氏作、奥氏体及珠光体组织，它们对层内硬度变化有直接的影响。     

2A12铝合金激光表面熔凝工艺

为探讨激光表面改性技术在铝合金上的应用,研究工艺参数对激光熔凝组织及显微硬度的影响,采用CO2连续激光器在2A12铝合金基材表面进行激光表面熔凝实验。结果表明:激光熔凝后由表及里分为熔凝区、过渡区和基体。熔凝表层为细小的等轴晶,过渡区由较大尺寸的枝晶组成。随着激光功率的增加,熔池熔深及枝晶尺寸随之增加;随着扫描速度的增加,晶粒变得更为细小。另外,激光熔凝层的显微硬度较基体提高20%以上。     

超低碳贝氏体钢HAZ组织、性能及硼分布

用Ｇｌｅｅｂｌｅ－１５００热模拟机对Ｃｕ－Ｎｂ－Ｂ系超低碳贝氏体钢进行不同焊接工艺下热模拟试验，选定峰值温度为１３４０℃，高温停留０．５ｓ，ｔ８／５分别取３０，４５，６０ｓ。研究了焊接热影响区组织，性能和硼的分布。     

激光熔凝处理对压铸模具钢热疲劳性能的影响

为了研究压铸模具钢的热疲劳性能,采用脉冲Nb:YAG激光在热处理后的Dievar钢表面进行了熔凝强化处理,并应用自约束实验考察了试样的热疲劳性能.结果表明:经激光熔凝强化后试样的热疲劳裂纹扩展速度明显比未处理试样慢,疲劳裂纹在靠近强化位置时有明显的停滞、转折和延迟扩展的现象;熔凝区的晶粒大为细化,合金元素基本均匀分布,未形成颗粒状碳化物;经激光熔凝处理后的汽车雨刷支架压铸模使用寿命由原来的2.5×104模次提高到3.8×104模次.     

搭接率对CK45钢激光熔凝硬度及应力分布的影响

采用大型有限元仿真软件SYSWELD，利用自建的宽带热源模型，对CK45钢表面激光熔凝处理过程进行了不同搭接率下的二维数值分析计算，考察了不同搭接率对材料熔凝区的硬度场、应力场等的影响。模拟计算结果表明，自建的宽带热源模型符合宽带热源的热流密度分布规律，模拟出的熔池形状与实际试样十分接近。经过激光熔凝后，材料的硬度得到了显著的提升，单道熔凝的最大硬度出现在熔凝区与母材的交界处。当相邻熔凝带热源中心距离较小时，熔凝区硬度分布比较均匀（除两端外）；当相邻熔凝带热源中心距离较大时，硬度分布不均匀。Mises等效应力最大值出现在相邻熔凝带的搭接区，此处是熔凝裂纹形成的主要部位。     

钢表面激光处理碳纳米管涂层组织与耐磨性研究

为研究碳纳米管的耐磨性能,将其涂覆于４５钢表面,在氩气保护下采用３ｋＷＣＯ２连续激光器进行处理,然后进行淬火和低温回火,测定处理前后试样的组织结构和硬度,并采用ＭＨＫ－５００环块磨损试验机进行磨损性能测试。试验结果表明：经激光处理后,部分碳纳米管得到保留,部分碳纳米管在４５钢表面与Ｆｅ生成Ｆｅ３Ｃ,并且产生一层含２．５％～３．５％Ｃ的亚共晶合金化层,经进一步淬火后表面硬度可达ＨＲＣ７０,耐磨性也大大改善,分别比４５钢合金化、４５Ｃｒ熔凝和４０Ｃｒ合金化提高４０％、１８％和３１％。     

W302热作模具钢激光熔凝组织及性能的研究

系统研究了Ｗ３０２热作模具钢激光熔凝组织和性能。实验观察到熔凝区由等轴晶、树枝晶、胞状树枝晶、胞状晶组成；熔凝组织由马氏体、残余奥氏体、碳化物组成。与常规组织相比，熔凝区的显微硬度、抗回火稳定性及耐磨性均明显提高。     

焊接CGHAZ相变超塑性及对拉伸断裂性能的影响

藉助于Ｇｌｅｂｌｅ１５００热模拟试验机，采用模拟焊接热循环拘束位移的方法，测定了ＨＴ８０钢模拟ＣＧＨＡＺ的膨胀曲线和拘束应力曲线，研究了ＣＧＨＡＺ的相变超塑性现象，并试验获得了静拉伸强度与塑性．试验结果表明：（１）在模拟焊接ＣＧＨＡＺ中确是存在着相变超塑性，其变形量随着拘束位移的增大而增大；（２）相变超塑性具有使ＣＧＨＡＺ晶粒细化、降低强度和提高塑性的作用，这些都是以往难以实现的问题；（３）焊接过程的强拘束导致ＣＧＨＡＺ发生相变超塑性，不仅降低了ＣＧＨＡＺ的残余应力，而且改善了显微组织与力学性能     

激光冲击对45钢表面性能的影响

激光冲击处理技术（ＬＳＰ）是一种新型的零件表面强化技术，在强化处理孔、凹槽和焊缝等局部应力集中部位具有明显的技术优势，有着广阔的应用前景，受到国内外学者的高度重视。本文采用激光冲击处理技术对４５钢表面进行改性，测量了表面的显微硬度，并用扫描电子显微镜对冲击区的表面组织进行了分析，实验结果表明：激光冲击使４５钢的表面性能得到明显的改善，冲击区的表面显微硬度平均可达ＨＶ４１３，提高了３２％左右，硬化层     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-