太湖流域水土流失影响因素及土壤侵蚀预报模型

对太湖流域影响水土流失的气候、土壤、地质 地形、植被和人为因素进行了统计分析,总结归纳了水土流失发生、发展的时空规律。并在影响水土流失单因素分析、评价基础上,选取坡位、地形、坡度、土壤类型、有效土层厚度、植被盖度和土地利用类型七个指标为自变量,年土壤侵蚀模数为因变量,利用数量化模型Ⅰ对８７块模式样地回行回归分析,获得形如：Ｙｋ＝Ｂ０＋Σ＾」１＋１ｍ１Σｊ＝１ｉ＝１Ｂ（ｊ,ｉ）ψｋ（ｊ,ｉ）＋Σｐｊ＝ｐ１＋１Ｂ（ｊ）Ｘｋｊ的土壤侵蚀预报模型,运用该模型可以预测太湖流域不同土地利用类型的年土壤侵蚀模数,达到及时准确地掌握水土流失发生、发展的动态,为水土流失的分区防治奠定了理论基础。     

根溪河流域水土流失影响因子分析

文章以GIS软件为平台，以长汀县根溪河流域为研究区域，将高程图、坡度图、土地利用类型图与水土流失现状图进行空间叠加分析，求取各因子与水土流失间的定量关系，以期对流域合理开发利用提供借鉴和参考．     

坡地生态系统退化与生态恢复对策——以鄂南丘陵山区为例

对鄂南丘陵山区坡地生态稳定性进行评价的基础上，分析研究了不同类型坡地退化的特征、过程及主要影响因子；在提出区域土地利用结构调整并确定不同类型区土地利用整治方向的前提下，介绍了几种坡地退化防治的农业生态技术及其在本区实施和推广的重要意义．     

广东省山区土壤有机碳密度特征及空间格局

利用广东省第二次土壤普查的223个典型土壤剖面特征数据和1:20万广东省土壤类型图,在GIS技术的支撑下,对广东省山区土壤0—20cm和0—100cm的土壤有机碳密度特征及空间格局进行分析.结果表明,广东山区土壤有机碳平均密度0—20cm为29.23tC/hm2,0—100cm为100.31tC/hm2;不同土壤类型其有机碳密度差异明显,0—20cm山地草甸土最高,为72.38tC/hm2,0—100cm硫酸盐土最高,为237.58tC/hm2,山区主要土壤类型的有机碳密度差异表现为赤红壤(25.61、86.60tC/hm2)水稻土(28.94、90.82tC/hm2)红壤(31.59、110.61tC/hm2).两种土层厚度的有机碳密度均呈现出北部高于南部、粤北山区高于粤东山区和粤西北部山区的态势,土壤有机碳密度随海拔高度的上升而增大,但海拔1200m以上的山地增幅明显减缓.气候特征和海拔高度决定了广东山区土壤有机碳密度的总体分布格局,而土壤和土地利用类型的差异导致山区土壤碳密度格局变化更为复杂多样.     

陕北黄土高原土地利用时空变化研究

目的 研究陕北黄土高原土地利用时空变化.方法 选用数据源为1990,2002年landsat-7ETM影像,辅以陕北黄土高原地区土地利用类型图、土壤植被分布图、自然地理基础资料和野外样点调查资料,研究对比不同时期陕北黄土高原土地利用状况.计算出土地利用变化的转移矩阵.结果 1990-2002年10余年内,陕北黄土高原地区土地利用类型变化最大的是园地,其次是交通用地和耕地,年变化率分别为20.48%,1.94%,-1.57%,再次是居民点及工矿用地、未利用地、林地,水域变化率最小仅0.13%.结论 1990-2002年期间,研究区通过水土流失综合治理,使难利用地和沙地等土地利用类型转化为有利于改善区域生态环境的林地和草地等.陕北黄土高原水土流失综合治理中种植沙棘等水土保持林地的造林措施效果显著.     

基于InVEST模型的太行山区土壤侵蚀与土壤保持

为系统了解太行山区土壤侵蚀与土壤保持的空间分布特征及影响因素,应用InVEST模型模拟太行山区的土壤侵蚀与土壤保持现状,并分析了土壤保持与土地利用类型、海拔、坡度等影响因素的相关关系。结果表明:(1)2005～2014年,太行山区多年平均土壤侵蚀总量为0.37×10~8 t,平均土壤侵蚀强度为4.3 t/hm~2,全区侵蚀强度以微度和轻度为主,空间上土壤侵蚀强度自南向北逐渐增高;(2)2005～2014年,太行山区土壤保持总量平均为4.58×10~8 t,单位面积土壤保持量为40.22 t/hm~2;(3)太行山区土壤保持服务高值区主要集中在海拔和坡度较大的高山区,土地利用类型以林地和草地为主,该区域同时也是土壤侵蚀相对严重区;在合理保护高山区土壤保持服务的基础上,提高中低山区土地利用的空间异质性,有利于水土流失的缓解。     

雾灵山不同土地利用类型对土壤水分的影响

以雾灵山低山区为研究区域,研究了板栗、玉米、玉米和板栗间种等不同土地利用类型下土壤含水量的差异.结果表明,同一海拔高度玉米和板栗间作方式下0～20 cm、20 cm～40 cm以及40 cm～60 cm三个层次的土壤水分含量均高于单种板栗和单种玉米的土地利用类型,山地坡底土壤不同剖面层次水分含量均高于坡顶和坡腰.不同土地利用方式下土壤含水量的变化受地形、植物郁闭度等因素的影响.     

平塘县坡耕地水土流失分布规律研究

平塘县作为典型的喀斯特山区,水土流失非常严重,导致水土流失的主要策源地是坡耕地,坡耕地水土流失面积大、分布广,严重影响当地农业生产和经济发展。运用ARCGIS软件的Intersect空间叠加功能,将坡度、降雨量、土壤类型数据分别与坡耕地、水土流失数据进行依次叠加,得到坡耕地水土流失数据与坡度、降雨量、土壤类型3者之间的关系,分析坡度、降雨量、土壤类型3方面各自对坡耕地水土流失分布规律的影响。研究结果表明:1)坡耕地水土流失面积随着坡度的增大而增大,而当坡度35°以上时水土流失面积反而减少;2)随着降雨量的增大,坡耕地水土流失面积越大,降雨量与水土流失呈正相关关系;3)5种土壤类型中,水土流失难易程度表现为:紫色土黄壤粗骨土黑色石灰土水稻土。     

秦岭南麓小流域不同土地利用类型剖面粒度分析

以陕西省宁陕县华严小流域为研究区,选择3类不同土地利用类型的地块,每10 cm深度为单位使用土钻打孔采集样品,采样深度60 cm,使用激光粒度仪处理采得的222个样本.分析土地利用系统和土地管理方式对土壤粒度的影响,以及整个小流域的土壤粒度分布规律.分析结果表明,研究区主要是砂质土壤,土壤质地较差;不同土地利用类型下黏土、粉砂和砂粒的分布不同;同一土地利用类型的土壤在小流域的不同位置上粒度分布不同,从中游到下游的变化比从上游到中游的变化要大;土地利用的强度会影响表层土壤粒度的分布;研究区有轻微的水土流失,不合理的土地利用会加剧土壤粗化的现象.     

基于LandUSEM模型的山东半岛海岸带土地利用适宜性分析

对山东半岛海岸带土地利用适宜性进行分析,可综合反映土地资源的利用现状,对土地利用规划具有重要意义.利用LandUSEM模型,以1990年、1995年、2000年、2005年、2010年和2015年6期土地利用类型数据、DEM数据、1∶100万土壤类型图为基础,对山东半岛海岸带土地利用适宜性进行评价,同时得到各用地类型适...     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-