Nim(m=1,2)吸附CO的量子化学研究

用密度泛函DFT方法对NiCO,Ni2CO(A)和Ni2CO(B)单配位络合物进行量子化学的计算.对CO在Ni金属催化剂上可能的吸附模式以及C≡O叁键活化的微观机理进行分析.发现CO在镍上有两种吸附方式:立式顶位吸附和卧式吸附;CO的活化程度与吸附方式密切相关,卧式吸附有利于CO活化.     

CO吸附于PtRu合金(100)面上的DFT理论研究

采用DFT方法对CO吸附在PtRu(100)表面的吸附行为进行系统性的研究,分析了键参数及电子结构．结果表明Ru的加入确实能削弱CO在合金上的吸附并且活化CO分子．当Ru的含量达50％时,PtRu催化剂抗CO中毒能力最强．另外CO分子在合金表面的吸附还和其吸附位及表面原子排布有关,CO吸附在Pt上较吸附于Ru上更强,吸附位周围分布Ru较分布Pt更促进CO分子的活化．     

TiO2(110)表面负载Ni及共吸附CO的密度泛函研究

采用DFT/B3LYP方法对Ni在TiO2(110)表面的5种可能负载模式及CO的6种吸附模型进行优化,计算了它们的吸附能、振动频率.结果表明,Ni倾向以垂直于O(2f)的形式负载在TiO2(110)表面,CO以C端与2个Ni原子桥连的方式吸附在Ni/TiO2(110)面时有利于C-O键的断裂.通过态密度分析发现,Ni/TiO2(110)体系是由Ni3dyz和3dxz组成的表面态,正是该表面态提高了完整TiO2(110)面对CO催化分解活性.计算结果与实验一致.     

Ni修饰多壁碳纳米管材料的制备及表征研究

采用化学还原沉积法将少量镍负载分散到多壁碳纳米管(MWCNT,简写为CNT)上,制得一系列不同Ni载量的x%(质量百分数)Ni/CNT复合材料;利用多种谱学工具(如TEM,SEM、XRD、H2 TPD和CO TPD)对其物化性能进行表征,结果表明,所制得沉积镍颗粒粒径在～10nm量级;H2 TPD和CO TPD测试结果表明,经Ni修饰的CNT比单纯CNT对H2和CO具有更强的吸附活化能力,其所促进的Cu基催化剂对CO加氢成甲醇的催化活性比无CNT促进或单纯CNT促进的同类催化剂均明显提高.     

O2在M2-(M=Au,Ag,Cu,Pt)系列团簇上的吸附行为研究

用密度泛函理论(DFT)方法研究了O2在M2-(M=Au,Ag,Cu,Pt)系列团簇上的吸附行为,首次确定存在2个O原子与同一个Au作用的吸附方式(记为D2),并讨论了该吸附方式对Au2-催化CO氧化的重要作用.结果表明,相对于研究者所关注的O原子与Au作用的D1吸附方式,D2吸附方式的O2分子活化程度更高,更有利于促进CO氧化.相对D1吸附方式,从D2式出发,CO按Eley-Rideal机理插入形成Au2CO3-的势垒更低,稳定性更高,更有利于CO2脱附.Ag体系的计算结果与Au类似,Cu、Pt体系则明显不同.     

镍催化剂硫中毒的研究

本文研究了CO、H_2S和C_4H_4S在Ni/γ-Al_2O_3上的化学吸附过程。实验证明,用CO在-72℃的化学吸附测定催化剂的金属表面积,是一个可行的方法。CO不吸附在被毒物掩盖的表面上。S复盖度在0.4以下,毒物S对CO在未复盖的镍表面上的吸附没有影响;复盖度超过0.4.随着复盖度增加,S明显地阻碍CO的吸附。10Vpm~(?)H_2S在H_2中的混合气体,在300—500℃下,经过约20小时的化学吸附,形成饱和吸附层,S与表面Ni原子比例为0.53,0.1%(V/V)C_4H_4S在H_2中的混合气体,在20℃经过约20小时的吸附,形成饱和吸附层。表面Ni原子与C_4H_4S分子比例为4.95。噻吩以非解离方式占据着4.95个表面Ni中心。中毒催化剂在600℃,H_2气流下经过约50小时,可以完全再生。     

费托催化剂η-Fe_2C(011)上CO吸附与活化行为

低温Fe基费托催化剂的主要活性相是_η-Fe_2C,CO在该催化剂上的吸附与活化行为是Fe基费托合成反应的重要步骤。为了从原子尺度上研究这一过程,本文基于密度泛函理论计算,在η-Fe_2C(011)完美表面和缺陷表面上对CO的吸附和活化行为进行了系统的对比研究。计算结果表明,CO在完美表面上的最稳定吸附位为与表面Fe结合的Top位,但活化前驱体位于三齿空位。CO直接解离路径因为能垒太高在_η-Fe_2C(011)完美表面上很难发生,而以HCO为中间体的H辅助CO解离路径则更有优势。当_η-Fe_2C(011)表面产生C空缺时,其生成的四齿空位成为CO的最稳定吸附位和活性位。同时,CO的直接解离能垒大幅下降,这导致CO直接解离和以HCO为中间体的H辅助解离路径可能同时发生。     

K2CO3活化法制备椰壳活性炭

以椰壳炭化料为原料,采用K2CO3活化法在不同操作条件下制备椰壳活性炭,探讨了K2CO3活化实验中K2CO3与炭化料质量比、活化时间和活化温度对活性炭得率、活性炭亚甲蓝吸附值和苯酚吸附值的影响．实验结果表明,K2CO3与炭化料质量比和活化温度是K2CO3活化法制备椰壳活性炭最重要的影响因素．综合考虑活性炭的得率和活性炭吸附性能受活化操作参数的影响规律,探讨了K2CO3活化法制备椰壳活性炭的最优操作参数,得到了实验范围内的最佳5-艺条件为：K2CO3与炭化料的质量比为2：1,活化温度为800℃左右,活化时间为120min．     

Cu（II）、Ni（II）离子在蛇纹石表面的吸附及对其浮选的影响

通过吸附量测试、纯矿物浮选和红外光谱分析,研究Cu2+和Ni2+离子在蛇纹石表面的吸附过程及对蛇纹石浮选的活化机理。 Cu2+和Ni2+离子在蛇纹石表面的吸附符合二级动力学模型,等温吸附过程符合Langmuir等温吸附模型,吸附能够自发进行,为物理吸附和化学吸附的共同作用,Cu2+和Ni2+离子在蛇纹石表面的吸附量随pН值升高而增大。 Cu2+和Ni2+离子在弱碱性条件下对蛇纹石具有活化作用,活化机理为铜镍的氢氧化物沉淀和羟基络合物作用于蛇纹石表面,形成活性位点,黄药在活性位点上吸附生成黄原酸铜或黄原酸镍,从而使蛇纹石表面疏水性增大,浮选受到活化。     

CO在Pd低指数晶面吸附的DFT分析

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)中B3LYP计算方法对CO在Pd(100)、Pd(110)和Pd(111)3个低指数晶面上的3种不同的吸附模式(顶位吸附、空位吸附和桥位吸附)进行了探讨,从CO在3个晶面吸附的结合能、几何结构、集居数以及净电荷分析得到:CO与Pd面均形成强的σ-π键;CO在3个晶面上均倾向于桥位吸附,在Pd(111)晶面上中毒最深.对CO在3个晶面上吸附的结合能和活化程度进行了比较,发现CO在3个晶面的中毒应按以下顺序减弱:Pd(111)》Pd(100)》Pd(110);空位吸附时的活化程度最高,桥位吸附时的活化程度最低.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-