车身B柱冲击仿真与试验

汽车碰撞仿真中车身零件的冲压效应、材料应变率和单元网格划分等对模拟精度有一定影响.开展了车身B柱零件的冲击试验,对试验过程进行了一系列仿真,分别考虑了冲压效应、应变率效应和单元网格划分对冲击力的影响,把各种条件下仿真结果同试验结果进行了对比.研究结果表明,在模型中考虑冲压效应、应变率效应,并采用合适的单元网格划分,能提高冲击仿真的精度.     

流固耦合问题中基于单元变形的有限元网格更新方法

基于伪实体模型,根据引起单元变形的原因提出了一种网格更新方法.该方法将伪实体单元刚化矩阵中的刚化因数选为单元最大、最小主应变的指数函数,同时提出区分拉力和压力给单元变形带来的不同影响,引入修正因子修正刚化因数,最后得到刚化因数的函数表达式.将该方法应用于典犁的流同耦合问题,结果表明:本方法的正确性和优越性.提出的网格更新方法在防止网格单元极度变形,维持网格整体质量上是非常有效的.     

基于有限体积法求解FGM动态响应及固有特性

采用有限体积法研究功能梯度材料(FGM)的动态响应及固有特性.基于交错非结构有限体积方法离散弹性动力学方程,通过显格式推进求解离散方程.加速度、速度及位移定义在网格节点上,物性参数定义在网格单元中心.采用双线性四边形单元和常应变三角形单元处理混合网格问题.数值模拟FGM试件的动态响应及固有频率,结果表明所提方法可以有效地模拟功能梯度材料动态响应及固有频率.     

光滑有限单元法及其应用

对光滑有限单元法进行综述,介绍光滑有限单元法、边界光滑有限单元法、节点光滑有限单元法的基本思想、基本算法、方法特点以及在一些领域的应用.归纳得出:光滑有限单元法将应变光滑化措施引入有限单元法,可以降低网格划分要求,适应不规则网格;光滑有限单元法的算法与有限单元法基本相同,在有限单元法程序基础上进行少量修改即可实现;光滑有限单元法计算结果比有限单元法更精确.     

基于SBFEM和样条插值的多边形偶应力/应变梯度理论单元

偶应力/应变梯度理论是刻画材料在细观或微观尺度的应变非局部化现象的理论,其基本方程是在传统连续体力学二阶微分方程基础上增加含有材料长度参数的四阶微分方程.偶应力/应变梯度理论有限元的节点参数包含位移的函数值和导数值,并由C0-1和C1增强分片检验要求单元对位移函数满足2次完备性和C0连续.相比三角形和四边形单元,构造具有高阶完备性的多边形单元形状函数更有难度,目前还缺少用于求解偶应力和应变梯度理论的多边形单元的研究.本文采用比例边界有限元方法(SBFEM)和基于离散Kirchhoff理论的多边形薄板样条单元(DKPS)相结合的方法,构造用于求解偶应力/应变梯度理论的多边形单元(SBFEMd3-DKPSd2).分别用SBFEM中环向3次单元和DKPS单元计算单元应变和应变梯度的刚度矩阵,避免了单元形状函数表达式的计算,并满足偶应力/应变梯度理论分片检验的要求.数值算例显示,该单元对凸多边形、非凸多边形和1-irregular退化的网格都有很好的计算精度.     

基于MSG理论的超薄梁弯曲问题的数值模拟

为了解决超薄梁弯曲计算中存在的低阶单元出现自锁和过刚的缺陷问题,采用基于应变梯度理论的假设应变有限元方法,研究了微尺度梁弯曲问题中的尺度效应.在假设应变单元设计中,非局部的应变梯度项通过围绕高斯点的胞元进行数值积分而得到.进一步在本构方程中引入等效应变梯度项,在积分本构方程时就可以反映材料在微细变形时的尺寸效应.首先,构造了一个基于细观机制的应变梯度理论的增强假设应变有限元模型.通过这种方法,非局部的应变梯度通过围绕高斯点的胞元积分而加入到本构方程中.由这个模型,发展了一个增强假设应变有限元程序,利用此程序对一超薄梁受均布荷载作用下,不同厚度,不同网格划分时的弯曲问题进行了数值模拟.结果显示,这种方法能够很好的体现出超薄梁在不同厚度和不同网格划分下的尺度效应.此方法具有较好的适用性.     

用四边形平面应力单元进行平面梁的几何非线性分析

采用共旋坐标法导出了四边形平面应力单元在大转动、小应变条件下的几何非线性单元切线刚度矩阵,在此基础上编制了相应的有限元程序.为了验证其正确性,用在悬臂端作用有集中力的平面悬臂梁来进行校核.计算结果表明,随着单元网格的加密,计算值越来越趋近于解析值,且计算值对单元形状的改变不是很敏感.由此说明所推导的四方形平面应力单元在大转动、小应变条件下的几何非线性单元切线刚度矩阵是正确的,在类似问题的分析中有一定的参考价值.     

机床立柱筋板布置对静刚度的影响

本文应用空间二维单元组合的有限元法,对多种筋板布置的机床立柱模型,进行了静刚度的对比计算。首先对所采用的非保续矩形单元验证其收敛性,证明用较粗网格也可比网格较密的常应变三角元得到更高的计算精度。并与模型实测数据进行了对比。然后,应用该单元对不同筋板布置的立柱模型进行了对比计算。初步得到了一些关于筋板布置对立柱抗弯和抗扭刚度影响的看法。     

应变局部化捕捉的自适应有限单元法

首先给出了自适应有限单元法基本分析框架,推导了岩土材料在平面应变情况下不连续分叉条件及分叉方向的解析解,建立了应变局部化发生发展准则．接着基于自适应技术与分叉理论,构建了捕捉应变局部化带的弹粘塑性自适应有限单元法完整体系,利用面向对象技术开发了相应的可视化集成软件系统．最后通过一个边坡算例考核了该方法与软件的合理性．分析结果表明,该软件系统能够准确快速捕捉应变局部化带最初发生方位,克服了网格依赖性问题,为后续应变局部化带行为模拟与局部化带扩展追踪奠定了基础．     

二维多介质流动问题的守恒型界面处理方法研究

本文开展了二维多介质流动问题的界面处理方法研究。利用level-set函数确定界面的位置,界面将跨界面网格分割为两个新的网格,利用Heaviside函数确定新网格单元面积,对于出现的小网格单元,可以将小网格单元与之紧靠的网格单元（与小网格单元属于同一介质）合并,以提高计算精度和计算效率。数值试验表明该方法能准确地捕捉界面和间断的位置。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.