苏通大桥主塔墩基础群桩效应研究

在苏通大桥主塔墩群桩基础与土体共同作用三维非线性有限元方法分析的基础上,研究了群桩效应对高桩承台底面受力与变形特性、基桩轴力分布、桩侧摩阻力、桩底土附加应力的影响以及桩数变化对群桩效率系数的影响,拟合得出了苏通大桥基桩轴力和群桩效率系数的计算方法.结果表明,在桩径和桩距一定的条件下,群桩效率系数的变化幅度随桩数的增加逐渐减小,并最终趋于定值.     

袁大滩煤矿风化岩土体冻结热参数及单轴压缩试验研究

袁大滩煤矿岩土体风化严重,冻结井筒施工设计需要依据风化岩土体的冻结特性和力学参数。目前对于风化岩土体的冻结热参数及力学性质缺乏了解,通过风化岩土体钻孔取样,对细砂、黏土、细粒砂岩、粉砂岩和砂质泥岩试件进行了比热、导热系数、结冰温度等热参数和冻结单轴压缩方面的试验研究。结果表明:风化岩体的结冰温度低于风化表土,而导热系数大于风化土体,黏土的比热和容积比热最大。随温度降低,岩土体的抗压强度和弹性模量均逐渐增大,泊松比逐渐减小,但对岩土体泊松比的影响相对较小;温度对细砂、黏土和粉砂岩抗压强度的增幅相对较大,对细砂、黏土、细粒砂岩和砂质泥岩弹性模量的增幅相对较大;随温度降低,岩土体的抗压强度、弹性模量和泊松比变化幅度均呈加快趋势。     

剪切波作用下桩筏基础的动力响应研究

对垂直传播的剪切波作用下桩筏基础的动力响应进行了数值分析.采用薄层元素法和有限单元法建立了土、桩和筏板三者之间的相互作用分析模型,着重分析了桩筏基础的有效输入地动(即反映了筏板响应与自由场地面运动大小关系的水平和摇摆动力响应系数).对桩筏基础和群桩、筏板基础的水平和摇摆动力响应系数进行了比较,并讨论了桩的距径比、桩的长径比以及桩土弹性模量比对桩筏基础的动力响应系数的影响.结果表明,当桩的距径比较大时,忽略筏板的影响会导致对桩筏基础的动力响应系数的过小评价.     

Mindlin位移解下大直径桩基有效桩长的优化计算方法

大直径灌注桩存在有效桩长,其计算公式与所假设的桩侧阻力分布形式有关,针对不同的桩侧阻力分布形式,有效桩长的计算结果往往差别较大.基于Mindlin位移解的基本原理和考虑桩径的影响,确定桩侧摩阻力呈抛物线形分布时所得的有效桩长优化计算方法,并根据计算结果对其影响因素进行分析;最后,结合工程实例对推导公式进行验证.结果表明:土体泊松比和桩径变化均对有效桩长造成影响,而桩径对有效桩长的影响更显著.桩径一定时,土体泊松比对有效桩长的影响随着E/G的增大而减弱,土体泊松比一定时,桩径对有效桩长的影响随着E/G的增大而加强.因此,该假设下考虑桩径影响而优化的有效桩长计算结果更接近于工程实际,合理可行.     

砂土中抗拔群桩承载力的分析与计算

为了通过模型的方法预测砂土中抗拔群桩承载力,对抗拔单桩承载公式中的参数C进行了改进,并对此参数提出了一个预测公式。当抗拔单桩承载力未知时,不能逆分析C值,可以用预测公式计算C值。基于此推导了m×n型等距抗拔群桩承载力计算公式。结合2组模型试验的数据,验证了不同桩距、长径比和桩型下抗拔群桩承载力计算公式的合理性以及群桩效率和桩距的关系,并与其他3种计算方法的结果作比较。结果表明,4种方法都能很好地预测抗拔群桩承载力,但在预测长径比较小的群桩时,改进方法的预测结果更加接近试验值;在其他参数不变的情况下,群桩的效率随着桩距的增大而增大。     

基于Mindlin位移解考虑桩径影响的桩基沉降计算

为弥补桩基沉降计算的Mindlin-Geddes法忽略桩径影响的不足,基于Mindlin位移解,按照Geddes应力解的假设,推导了在考虑桩径的影响下竖向承载桩基础沉降计算的解析表达式.将圆周分为若干等分,实现了解析表达式的数值积分解,可适用于等直径单桩、扩底桩和大桩距、布桩不规则或桩长不一样的群桩基础沉降的求解.算例结果表明,该方法对实际工程问题的计算精度是可靠的.     

复合桩基中承台内区土阻力群桩效应系数的有限元分析

采用有限元方法，对复合桩基中承台内区土阻力群桩效应系数进行了分析，并编制了相应的有限元程序。应用该程序讨论了桩距、桩数、桩长、土类等对承台内区土阻力群桩效应系数的影响。     

山区斜坡段桥梁基桩屈曲稳定性分析

根据山区斜坡段桥梁基桩的承载机理,考虑桩前岩土体弱化效应,建立斜坡段桥梁基桩屈曲稳定性分析简化计算模型;建立山区斜坡段桥梁基桩桩-坡体系的总势能方程,并利用能量原理及变分法进行求解,导出基桩屈曲临界荷载及稳定计算长度公式;然后,通过与模型试验结果进行对比分析,验证理论解答的可行性;结合有限元法探讨桩身弹性模量、自由段长度、桩径以及嵌固深度等因素对某实体工程桩稳定性的影响。研究结果表明:基桩存在一临界嵌固深度;桩径及埋入比对基桩稳定性影响较大;弹性模量对基桩稳定性影响较小。     

桩距对陡岩河岸墩式码头群桩基础竖向承载特性影响研究

采用ABAQUS有限元软件建立陡岩群桩系统三维模型,通过改变桩距、桩嵌岩深度等参数,分析陡岩群桩(四边形四桩)的竖向承载特性.研究表明,不同桩距和桩嵌岩深度条件下陡岩群桩(四边形四桩)竖向承载能力,是群桩径向膨胀与桩前岩体缺失效应、桩后岩体增强效应、承台刚度综合作用的体现.当桩距S≥4D时,不宜将承台作刚性假设.当桩距S≥5D时,群桩竖向极限承载力减小幅度、竖向承载群桩效应系数减小幅度均已超过10%(与桩距S=3D的群桩相比).在竖向荷载作用下,随着桩距的增加,承台更易于受压变形,群桩体系空间效应增强,各桩桩顶沉降的差异亦逐渐明显.     

水平推力作用下抗滑桩间土拱效应影响因素的数值分析

利用FLAC3D软件对抗滑桩后土体的应力拱产生过程和形成机理进行三维数值分析,并通过一系列的对比计算,研究桩间距、土体性质(包括士体的内摩擦角、黏聚力、弹性模量、泊松比、膨胀角)以及桩土接触面性质等因素对土拱效应的影响.研究结果表明:随着抗滑桩桩间距的增大,土拱范围变小,土拱形状也由拱形发展到扁平抛物线形,桩的荷载分担比降低.土体内摩擦角、土体黏聚力以及桩土之间的相对弹性模量对土拱效应的影响呈正相关关系,而土体的泊松比对桩后土拱范围的影响呈反比关系,土体的膨胀角对土拱效应影响不太明显;随着桩土接触面粗糙程度的增加,桩后土拱的范围增大,土拱效应也越显著.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.