沙棘果总黄酮提取工艺及抗氧化性研究

以沙棘果为原料,乙醇溶液为主要溶剂,沙棘果总黄酮提取量为评价指标,采用超声波辅助法在单因素实验基础上结合响应面分析法,综合考察了超声提取时间、提取温度、提取液(乙醇)体积分数、液料比4因素对沙棘果总黄酮的提取量影响.结果表明,沙棘果中总黄酮的最佳提取条件为：超声提取时间34 min、提取温度77℃、提取液(乙醇)体积分数60%、料液比22.8∶1.在此工艺条件下沙棘果总黄酮得率为5.694 mg/g,与理论预测值5.770 mg/g的RSD值为1.33%,小于5%,模型拟合性良好.对制得的沙棘果总黄酮提取物粗品,采用清除DPPH自由基法与羟自由基法,以同浓度的维生素C溶液作为阳性对照,进行体外抗氧化活性测定.按清除DPPH自由基法得到的维生素C、沙棘果提取物的IC₅₀值分别为0.13、2.32 mg/mL,按羟自由基法得到的IC₅₀值分别为0.11、0.45 mg/mL,说明沙棘果总黄酮具有较好抗氧化活性.     

扁桃斑鸠菊抗氧化活性成分的提取与筛选

目的研究提取扁桃斑鸠菊(Vernonia amygdalina Del)叶中抗氧化活性成分的最佳工艺条件,并筛选活性最强的部位.方法以DPPH自由基清除能力为响应值,利用响应面法优化提取条件;用不同极性有机溶剂对扁桃斑鸠菊乙醇提取物进行萃取分离,以DPPH自由基清除能力和还原能力为指标,筛选抗氧化活性最强部位.结果响应面法优化的最优提取条件为:提取温度58.5℃、乙醇体积分数62%和料液比1∶24,在此条件下,获得的提取物DPPH自由基清除能力最强,理论预测值IC_(50)为70.04μg/m L,实际值IC_(50)为(69.20±0.61)μg/m L,说明建立的模型可较好地描述该实验中因素与指标的关系;各萃取部位的抗氧化能力大小依次为:正丁醇部位氯仿部位石油醚部位水相部位,其中正丁醇部位对DPPH自由基清除能力IC50为18.78μg/m L,与乙醇提取物比较提高了2.68倍.结论扁桃斑鸠菊体积分数为62%乙醇提取物的正丁醇萃取部位具有很强的抗氧化活性,值得进一步研究利用.     

小花忍冬叶提取物的抗氧化活性

通过T-AOC法、DPPH法、Fenton法体外抗氧化试验,对小花忍冬叶乙醇提取物的各个萃取部位进行抗氧化活性研究.结果表明,小花忍冬叶5种提取物均具有不同程度的抗氧化活性,乙酸乙酯部分羟自由基清除活性最强,IC_(50)值为67.0μg/mL;清除DPPH·自由基IC_(50)为7.2μg/mL,均高于对照Vc.研究结果提示小花忍冬叶乙醇提取物乙酸乙酯萃取部分具有很强的抗氧化活性,可作为一种新型的天然抗氧化剂和自由基清除剂,具有良好的开发前景.     

响应面法优化大蝎子草水溶性总黄酮提取工艺及其水提液抗氧化活性分析

目的:优化大蝎子草水溶性总黄酮提取工艺,并对其水提液抗氧化活性进行分析。方法:以浸泡时间、料液比和提取时间为影响因素,大蝎子草水溶性总黄酮含量为评定指标,设计响应面实验。通过DPPH和ABTS自由基清除实验,对大蝎子草水提液的抗氧化活性进行分析。结果:大蝎子草水溶性总黄酮的最佳提取工艺为浸泡时间65 min、料液比1∶19、提取时间70 min,水溶性总黄酮含量为6.42±0.026 mg/g。大蝎子草水提液和VC溶液对DPPH自由基的最大清除率分别为73.38%和97.34%,IC₅₀值分别为59.616μg/mL和0.018μg/mL,大蝎子草水提液和VC溶液对ABTS自由基的最大清除率分别为99.38%和99.47%,IC₅₀值分别为12.086μg/mL和13μg/mL。结论:该方法简便、稳定、可行,可用于大蝎子草水溶性总黄酮的提取,且其水提液具有一定的抗氧化作用。     

宁夏枸杞叶中总黄酮含量与抗氧化活性关系

为进一步开发宁夏枸杞叶资源,研究宁夏枸杞叶抗氧化活性部位中总黄酮含量与抗氧化活性间关系.以乙醇做提取溶剂,再以不同极性溶剂对醇提液进一步萃取分离;并用DPPH法（DPPH.）测定不同极性萃取部分的抗氧化能力,用分光光度法测定不同极性萃取部分中的总黄酮含量.结果表明,除石油醚萃取部位外,其他各萃取部分在一定质量浓度时,对DPPH自由基（DPPH.）清除率均达到90%,且与总黄酮含量有极显著的相关性（P〈0.01）,其中,正丁醇萃取部分中的总黄酮含量最高,达到77.32mg/g,其清除自由基ρ（SC50）=0.048 3mg/mL,活性与维生素C相当.可为枸杞叶的深度开发提供参考.     

苦荞芽多酚提取工艺优化及抗氧化活性研究

采用单因素实验结合正交试验优化苦荞芽多酚的提取工艺条件,并采用ABTS和DPPH自由基清除率法测定了苦荞芽多酚提取物的抗氧化活性.研究结果表明,苦荞芽多酚的最佳提取工艺参数为,甲醇体积分数60%、提取时间80 min、提取温度60℃、料液比1∶40 g/m L.在此条件下,苦荞芽多酚的提取量高达83.51 mg/g.抗氧化活性试验表明,苦荞芽多酚提取物具有较好的抗氧化能力,其对ABTS自由基和DPPH自由基清除的半抑制浓度(IC_(50))分别为93.36μg/m L和185.76μg/m L.     

响应面法优化槲蕨总黄酮提取工艺及其抗氧化活性

为了优化槲蕨总黄酮的提取工艺并研究其抗氧化活性,该文以料液比、乙醇体积分数、超声处理功率和超声辅助提取时间为考察因素,以槲蕨总黄酮产率为研究目标,在单因素实验的基础上运用响应曲面分析法优化槲蕨总黄酮的提取工艺,并探讨了超声波提取的槲蕨总黄酮的抗氧化活性.研究结果表明：超声波辅助乙醇提取槲蕨总黄酮的最佳工艺是料液比为1∶30.00(g·mL^-1)、超声功率为450.00 W、乙醇体积分数为68.00%,在该优化条件下槲蕨总黄酮的产率为1.452 mg·g^-1.抗氧化研究表明：槲蕨总黄酮对羟自由基、1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼自由基(DPPH·)和超氧阴离子(O^-₂·)具有较强的清除能力,这说明槲蕨总黄酮具有良好的抗氧化活性.     

酶解法提取紫藤总黄酮及自由基清除活性研究

优选酶辅助法提取紫藤总黄酮工艺条件及总黄酮提取液的抗氧化活性研究.辅助法提取藕节中的总黄酮提取工艺如下:首先纤维素酶酶解,再用乙醇回流.固定提取剂乙醇浓度为70%,固定料液比为1∶20g/mL和回流时间为2h.设计单因素实验和正交实验初步确定了紫藤中总黄酮提取的较佳实验条件.实验结果表明:酶浓度为0.20mg/mL,酶解温度为50℃,pH值为6.0,酶解时间为2.5h,紫藤颈、紫藤叶、紫藤花和紫藤果荚中总黄酮提取率分别为0.94%、4.60%、3.32%和5.16%,可见紫藤不同部位总黄酮含量差异较大.紫藤总黄酮提取液的抗氧化活性及对自由基的清除实验结果显示,紫藤总黄酮提取液对自由基有较强的清除活性.     

脱脂沙苑子乙醇提取物的体外抗氧化活性研究

通过测定脱脂沙苑子乙醇提取物(ESA)对1,1-二苯基-2-苦苯肼自由基(DPPH·)、超氧阴离子自由基(O-·2)和羟基自由基(·OH)的清除能力、对Fe2 诱导的脂质过氧化反应的抑制作用、还原力和总抗氧化力,评价ESA的体外抗氧化活性,并与公认的抗氧化剂维生素C作了对照.结果表明,ESA有一定的DPPH·清除能力(IC50=419.1μg/mL)、较强的超氧阴离子清除能力(IC50=117.9μg/mL)和羟基自由基清除能力(IC50=224.4μg/mL),能有效的抑制脂质过氧化(IC50=1.70 mg/mL),有良好的总抗氧化力,说明沙苑子具有明显的抗氧化活性.     

超声辅助提取黑芝麻油脚卵磷脂及其抗氧化活性研究

以黑芝麻油脚为实验原料,研究超声辅助乙醇溶液提取其卵磷脂的工艺.以卵磷脂得率为考核指标,在单因素实验基础上,通过正交试验优化研究提取黑芝麻油脚卵磷脂的最佳工艺条件,并采用DPPH自由基清除法研究最佳工艺条件下得到的卵磷脂粗提物的抗氧化活性.实验结果表明,黑芝麻油脚卵磷脂的最佳提取工艺条件为:乙醇的体积分数为95%,料液比为1:12,超声温度为40℃,超声时间为40min.在此最优提取工艺条件下,黑芝麻油脚卵磷脂的得率为11.98%.由体外抗氧化活性实验结果可知,黑芝麻油脚卵磷脂对DPPH自由基的清除能力在一定范围内随着浓度的增加而增加,其IC50值为0.46 mg/mL,表明其具有一定的抗氧化活性,但与对照品维生素C的抗氧化性能相比较弱.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.