带有随机利率的复合Poisson-Geometric过程的破产问题

考虑利率的随机性,通过标准布朗运动和泊松-几何过程来描述一类破产问题,利用鞅方法,得到了Lund-berg基本方程,并给出了其解的两个有效应用,从而得到了破产概率Ψ(u)和盈余首次到达某给定水平x(x>u)概率Ψx(u)的一般表达式。最后给出了当个体理赔服从参数α为指数分布的Lundberg基本方程的两个具体解,由此可以进一步得到破产概率Ψ(u)和盈余首次到达某给定水平x(x>u)概率Ψx(u)的具体表达式。     

具有二阶相依利息结构的风险模型的破产问题

在利率具有二阶自回归相依结构时,考虑保费和理赔支付时间,建立一离散时间风险模型,在此模型下得到在停时T,保险公司在初始准备金为u时,破产前盈余大于给定水平x的概率所满足的积分方程以及盈余首次低于某一个预警水平x的时间分布的递推公式。     

支付红利的双险种复合二项风险模型的Gerber-Shiu折现罚金函数

对支付红利的双险种复合二项模型,考虑当盈余大于或等于一个给定的非负红利界时保险公司以一定概率给股东分红的情形,利用更新理论,得到该模型的Gerber-Shiu折现罚金函数满足的瑕疵更新方程及其渐近表达式,并给出破产概率、破产时破产赤字分布和破产前瞬时盈余的概率函数的递推公式及其渐近表达式.     

两个离散风险模型破产问题的研究

研究了引入随机利率的两个离散风险模型,得到了描述破产后财务状况的破产时的赤字分布以及盈余首次穿过给定水平的时刻分布的递推公式.     

两个离散风险模型破产问题的研究

研究了引入随机利率的两个离散风险模型,得到了描述破产后财务状况的破产时的赤字分布以及盈余首次穿过给定水平的时刻分布的递推公式。     

索赔次数为复合Poisson-Geometric过程的风险模型

本文讨论了索赔次数为复合Poisson-Geometric过程的风险模型,利用鞅方法得到了破产概率公式和盈余首达给定水平的概率公式.     

破产概率更新方程的新推导方法

更新方程是得到破产概率的核心等式,通常是对盈余过程和破产概率的数学解析而得到.考虑经典风险和常利率风险两种模型,给出更新方程的新的推导方法:破产前瞬时盈余瑕疵密度正则化后即为破产概率;当索赔为指数分布时,研究了破产赤字和破产前瞬时盈余瑕疵密度正则化后的独立性.     

Markov随机环境过程驱动的风险过程

本文讨论由Markov环境过程驱动的风险过程,给出了期望贴现惩罚函数的Laplace变换的表达式,利用一般Lundberg基本方程,得到了期望贴现惩罚函数的简洁表达式,并推得了给定初始环境状态,初始资金为0时破产前瞬间盈余、破产赤字的贴现联合密度及其边缘密度。同时,本文也给出了破产时间、破产前瞬间盈余以及破产时赤字的矩的计算方法。     

常值利息力模型下破产概率的渐进估计

本文研究一类具有常值利息力风险模型破产概率的渐进估计,对于理赔为若干重尾族类的情形,通过考虑理赔来到时刻的盈余,将盈余过程离散化,进而利用更新函数和卷积,得到了当盈余趋向于无穷大时有限时间内破产概率的渐进估计。     

一类离散时间风险模型的几个结果

在考虑利率且保费收入为随机变量的离散时间模型下，得到了在停时T，保险公司在初始准备金为ｕ时的生存概率，破产后赤字分布，有限时间内的破产概率以及盈余首次低于某一个水平ｘ的时间分布的递推公式，进而得到了破产时间分布的递推公式。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-