考虑应变软化特性的隧道围岩位移与塑性区半径解析解计算

为探究富水软岩隧道开挖后围岩位移与塑性区半径的变化情况,本文依托渭武高速木寨岭公路隧道,基于“直-曲-直”围岩软化模型推导出卡斯特耐尔拓展公式;运用有限差分软件FLAC3D建立了不同含水率下三台阶七步开挖法施工木寨岭隧道的数值模型;采用拓展的卡斯特耐尔公式和经典卡斯特耐尔公式以及数值模拟对围岩位移和塑性区半径进行对比分析。研究结果表明：随着含水率升高,围岩的强度降低,塑性区半径和位移也增大;采用本拓展公式计算Ⅴ级围岩段的塑性区位移和半径分别为52.5 cm和19.47 m,与相同含水率下数值模拟所得的结果56 cm和22 m更为接近     

已有围岩纵剖面LDP曲线对比及影响因素分析

收敛-约束法是隧道结构设计的实用方法之一,围岩纵剖面曲线(LDP)是该方法成功运用的关键.在收集整理现有LDP曲线公式基础上,对其优缺点进行了对比分析,同时利用数值软件研究了岩体强度及变形特性对LDP曲线的影响.结果表明:由于研究出发点不同,对于同一工程基于已有LDP曲线公式采用相应数据输入后所得到曲线形态相差较大;粘聚力、摩擦角对曲线形态影响较大,弹性模量、剪胀角对于LDP曲线基本无影响;泊松比对弹性介质LDP形态基本无影响,但洞壁围岩塑形屈服区范围越大,泊松比影响越大.在实际工程中为获得LDP曲线,建议采用数值计算的方法并考虑粘聚力、摩擦角以及泊松比的离散影响.研究结果可为地下隧洞(道)采用收敛-约束法初期支护参数设计中LDP曲线的获得提供借鉴与参考.     

基于流固耦合理论的浅埋隧道稳定性系数分析

基于流固耦合原理.在考虑渗流效应的作用下,对浅埋圆形隧道、双线铁路隧道、两车道公路隧道的围岩稳定性系数进行了计算.分析了围岩级别、隧道断面形式、是否渗流三个因素对围岩稳定系数和围岩塑性区分布范围的影响.结果表明:在断面形式和围岩级别一致的情况下,渗流效应对围岩塑性区的分布范围有重大影响;在影响围岩稳定系数的三个因素中,隧道断面形式和围岩级别对围岩稳定系数影响较大,而渗流影响相对较小.     

不同跨度下土质隧道围岩分区规律研究

采用砂土模拟围岩,以实验的方法确定不同跨度的隧洞开挖后围岩的分区规律.采用基于Drucker-Prager(D-P)屈服准则的有限元数值模拟和鲁宾涅特一般圆形隧洞的塑性区半径公式,比较实验与2种计算方法下的塑性区大小.结果表明:在选用土质隧道较不利围岩材料(砂土)条件下,塑性区的厚度约为隧洞跨度的一半,松动区的厚度约为跨度的1/5,洞顶松动区占塑性区的比例最大.实验条件下确定的围岩塑性区厚度最大,基于D-P屈服准则条件下有限元模拟所确定的塑性区次之,鲁宾涅特公式所确定的塑性区最小.     

薄层状片岩大断面隧道三台阶法数值分析

以中兰客专某层状片岩大断面隧道工程为依托,在考虑层状岩体强度和变形各向异性的基础上,采用MIDAS GTX软件进行三台阶法施工数值分析,研究了隧道围岩的空间变形特征。结果表明：（1）层状岩体中隧道变形具有空间非均匀性特征,拱顶沉降远大于边墙收敛。随着掌子面的推进,拱顶沉降曲线呈现缓—陡—缓形状,上、中台阶开挖沉降量所占比例较高,开挖影响范围为1倍洞径;边墙收敛曲线呈现缓—直—缓形状,开挖影响范围大致为2倍洞径。（2）隧道围岩塑性区呈现不对称分布特征,大致沿层面法向方向分布。随着掌子面的推进,塑性区逐渐向围岩深处扩展,各开挖台阶拱脚处塑性应变较大,是施工的薄弱部位。     

渗流效应对基于广义非线性屈服准则洞室弹塑性解的影响

考虑渗流效应,基于广义Hoek-Brown非线性屈服准则,推导出圆形洞室围岩塑性区半径、洞壁径向位移和洞室周边径向应力的数值解.绘制在考虑渗流的情况下和基于广义Hoek-Brown屈服准则的不同围岩条件下,圆形洞室内外水头差h与R/e(R为塑性区半径,e为洞室半径)的关系曲线、围岩特性曲线和径向应力的分布曲线.研究结果表明:在水头差相同时,位于较差围岩中洞室的塑性区比位于较好围岩中洞室的塑性区发展快;在支护力相同时,支护结构对处于较差围岩中的圆形洞室洞壁位移约束效果较差;在围岩质量较差时,渗流效应对圆形洞室径向应力的影响比围岩质量较好时的影响大.     

基于Drucker-Prager屈服准则及加卸载判据的圆形隧道围岩-支护作用机制探讨

隧道围岩-支护相互作用机制是隧道力学中的基础理论,为了准确描述围岩与支护结构对隧道应力变形的影响,假定围岩本构模型为理想弹塑性模型,采用适用于岩土材料的Drucker-Prager屈服准则,考虑加卸载判据,证明了圆形隧道的开挖过程是一个加载过程,支护过程是卸载过程。通过大型有限元仿真软件Abaqus计算了平面应变情况下圆形隧道开挖与支护过程的弹塑性解。数值分析结果与理论公式结果相吻合,表明开挖的过程是解除内压、增大压差的加载过程,支护过程为施加内压、减小压差的卸载过程。支护后的围岩应力增量和位移增量符合弹性规律,且支护过后的应力等于开挖后的应力减去弹性应力。支护过程的卸载效应使得开挖过程产生的塑性区变成了残余变形区。研究结果可为工程应用提供参考。     

锚杆支护下深埋圆形洞室塑性区半径的近似解

基于无支护条件下深埋圆形洞室塑性区半径的经典求解公式,导出了塑性区半径与围岩单轴抗压强度和黏聚力之间的关系式,进行了围岩体内摩擦角和黏结强度对塑性区半径的影响敏感性对比分析,得出黏聚力对塑性区半径的影响比内摩擦角对其影响敏感性强。基于国内外学者对黏结式锚杆加固机理研究成果,导出了深埋圆形洞室锚杆支护条件下塑性区半径的近似计算公式,通过具体算例进行分析,结果表明:开挖半径一定情况下,锚杆支护下深埋圆形洞室的塑性区半径的大小不仅跟岩石本身特性有关,而且跟锚杆的规格、力学性能及布置情况都存在关系。     

基于衬砌结构受力的四洞并行公路隧道群施工相互影响分析

为研究多洞并行公路隧道群施工时各洞间相互影响规律,以成都天府机场高速公路龙泉山四洞并行隧道工程为背景进行数值模拟分析,研究后行隧洞开挖对先行隧洞围岩塑性区、初支受力及变形产生的影响.数值模拟结果表明:先行隧道初支受力及变形受后行相邻隧道开挖影响较大,且其影响随着隧道净距的减小和后行隧道断面的增大而增大;先行隧道初支压应力最大增量发生在靠后行隧道一侧的边墙部位,拉应力最大增量发生在拱顶部位.数值模拟以及现场监测均表明采用两侧2车道隧道先同时开挖,接着中间两3车道隧道依次开挖,同时相邻隧道掌子面错开距离控制在30 m的施工工序能够满足施工安全性要求,可为类似工程提供经验参考.     

岩溶区全断面开挖隧道围岩变形规律及其监测

运用相似模型试验和数值分析成果 ,分析岩溶区公路隧道在全断面开挖过程中的围岩变形特性 .提出了岩溶区全断面开挖隧道围岩变形时空曲线的一般模式 .在此基础上 ,建立了岩溶区围岩稳定性判别标准 ,给出超前支护和二次衬砌的最佳时机 .并运用现场量测数据的结果验证了所提出的岩溶区全断面开挖隧道围岩变形规律的正确性 .     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with