气固两相圆湍射流流动的大涡模拟

针对气固圆湍射流流动采用基于双向耦合的大涡模拟方法进行了模拟,研究了直径为105μm的颗粒的存在对圆湍射流的影响。单相流动的预报结果在射流形态以及时均速度和湍流强度等统计结果方面均与实验结果符合良好。两相流动的时均速度和湍流强度等统计结果与实验结果符合较好,与单相流动的模拟结果相比,105μm的颗粒加入流场后,由于其较快的响应特征起到了阻尼作用,从而降低了气相场的湍流强度。     

平面射流拟序结构的离散涡模拟

采用离散涡方法对平面射流流场进行了数值模拟。显示了平面射流中的大尺度涡结构的卷起、旋转和合并过程,模拟结果揭示了平面射流中的大尺度拟序结构的时空演化特征和发展变化规律。得到了定点的瞬时速度和流场的时均速度分布,时均速度场的计算结果和实验值吻合,瞬时速度分布揭示了平面射流拟序结构的非定常、不稳定的非线性特征。     

矩形射流流动的大涡模拟

为探讨矩形射流中的拟序运动特征,用大涡模拟方法(LES)对三维矩形射流流动过程进行了数值模拟。统计平均的流向速度横向分布曲线在发展区某些位置上呈现"马鞍型"分布,速度峰值偏离中心轴线,与圆射流显著不同,这与已有的实验和直接数值模拟(DNS)结果吻合良好。计算结果表明,在发展区湍流脉动最强,且应力的横向分布不均匀。随着流向距离的增大,速度功率谱(PSD)曲线呈现峰值向低频移动的现象。速度的PSD分布表明:矩形射流中拟序运动主要位于射流的核心区末端和发展区,射流发展区中的拟序运动具有明显的时间准周期性。     

机舱通风口冲击射流湍流特征分析及验证

以机舱个性化通风口为背景,对自由射流加壁面冲击射流,采用几种湍流模型数值分析了10倍冲击高度、雷诺数为9,000的气流遇到冲击板后湍流脉动、流动转折等流动特征.探讨了湍流模型对冲击射流关键位置平均速度、脉动速度以及雷诺应力等流动参数特征的模拟能力,通过与实验测量结果的对比,确定了湍流模型在冲击射流中的适用性和局限性.综合来看,Relizable k-ε模型可以得到与实验值较好的符合度,但在近壁面区域会略有偏差.分析结果认为将RANS和LES组合将是开展实际机舱内通风口射流研究的最佳策略.     

平行多喷口气流的空气动力场研究

本文对于平行二喷口、三喷口湍流自由射流的空气动力场进行了理论分析与实验研究,测出了相邻两股射流之间流场的速度、脉动速度及湍流应力的分布,得出了相邻两股射流间的速度分布具有相似性的结论,确立了反映湍流交换强烈程度的特征常数c=1.65×10~(-3),实验结果与数值计算的结果基本相符。     

矩形喷嘴超声速射流啸叫模式切换的分布性研究

为了研究矩形喷嘴超音速自由射流噪声的湍流噪声、啸叫以及激波相关宽频噪声这3类成分的分布特性及其各成分的切换特性,通过准阵列实验方式对宽高比为4的矩形喷嘴射流噪声进行了分析研究,并与理论结果进行了对比验证。通过改变射流下游测点的径向距离和测点与射流轴线的夹角,研究了射流下游噪声信号的模式特性。通过分析得到,射流下游噪声主体是湍流噪声,其基频不受角度变化影响,并且噪声模式切换的随机性较高。研究发现:随着径向距离的增大,湍流噪声基频在5和2.6kHz之间跳动,高频湍流噪声强度随之减弱,基频逐步稳定;随着射流上游测点角度的增大,啸叫的占优特性增强,在120°时啸叫的占优区间最长,而且在此位置的射流初始阶段出现了激波相关宽频噪声的占优区间,与理论结果进行对比,得出啸叫的第一阶主频和激波相关宽频噪声是向射流上游传播,并呈现一定的范围。此项研究可为工程中避免小尺度的结构疲劳破坏及对相关工作人员的声防护提供一定的参考依据。     

长圆形出口喷嘴射流特性的实验研究

在研究矩形出口喷嘴射流的基础上,对长圆形出口喷嘴的射流特性进行了室内实验研究.结果表明.长圆形喷嘴射流在短轴剖面上的扩散角比在长轴剖面上大.随喷距的增大.其横向截面将逐渐变为圆形.长圆形喷嘴的流量系数大于同样结构特征的矩形喷嘴,其射流的轴心动压力衰减以及横向动压力梯度分布规律与矩形喷嘴射流相似.随喷距增加.长圆形喷嘴的轴心动压力衰减比矩形喷嘴衰减慢.在钻头上使用的长圆形喷嘴的最佳无因次喷距应在无因次等速核长度L_1和最大轴心动压力衰减梯度所在的无因次喷距L_(max)之间.     

后台阶分离再附湍流流动的实验研究

采用激光粒子图像速度仪(PIV)对低速水槽中二维后台阶分离再附湍流流动进行了系统的实验研究．通过大量重复高空间分辨率瞬态速度场测量,获得了时均再附点位置和时均速度场．对实验结果进行统计分析得到了流向、法向速度分量的脉动场、雷诺应力场和展向涡量场,并给出了小涡结构配对、合并和大尺度相干旋涡结构形成过程中所出现的流动特征．     

高温、高速冲击射流传热特性的影响因素分析

为了研究高温、高速燃气射流冲击导流板的传热特性,对高温、高速燃气射流冲击传热特性进行仿真和实验研究,确定了SST-SAS模型的准确性.在此基础上,研究了不同入口条件（湍流强度、口径、速度/温度比）,及板间距、倾斜角度、板体温度等因素对板面Nu数分布、高温冲击面积的影响,并对高温冲击区的平均Nu数进行了统计分析,结果表明:湍流强度、速度温度比、板间距和倾斜角度对板面Nu数分布以及高温冲击面积产生较大的影响,而入口口径和壁面温度对其影响不大;并且高温冲击面积的平均Nu数的变化与高温冲击面积的变化正好相反,且数值比低温、低速冲击射流的Nu数高1个数量级,取值范围为1 321～3 873.      

横向气流中射流轴线的弯曲

本文分析了垂直喷入均匀、定型横向气流的圆截面湍流射流,利用射流截面上无因次速度相似性和中心轴处速度衰减规律,导出了圆截面射流轴线弯曲方程式。本文计算值与实验值比较,结果是令人满意的。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.