枯草芽孢杆菌YA-3对番茄早疫病的防治作用

从西洋参种植土壤中分离获得一株具有抗真菌活性的细菌YA-3,杯碟法测定表明,该拮抗菌对13种植物病原真菌均有不同程度的抑制作用,其中对番茄早疫病抑制率达82.2%;YA-3培养滤液可导致番茄早疫病病原菌菌丝畸变、枯萎或者断裂,阻碍菌丝生长,并能够抑制其孢子萌发,抑制率达92.3%以上;利福平抗性标记试验表明,YA-3在番茄叶片上有很强的定殖能力,第26 d仍能检测到该菌;经盆栽试验结果表明,YA-3发酵液可使番茄叶片发病率显著降低,防治效果可达到75.52%;根据其形态、生理生化特性及16S r DNA同源性分析结果,鉴定为枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)。     

一年蓬提取物的抗菌活性

为了研制安全、高效、经济的植物源杀菌剂,以入侵植物一年蓬(Erigeron annuus)为原料,2种植物病原真菌——黄瓜枯萎病菌(Fusarium oxysporium)和番茄早疫病菌(Alternaria solani)的抑制率为指标,通过单因素及响应面实验,优化得到一年蓬抑菌活性成分的最佳提取工艺:提取时间6 min、料液质量浓度1∶60 g/mL、提取温度60℃;所得提取物依次经石油醚、氯仿、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇萃取得各萃取相,其中乙酸乙酯相对2种病原菌抑制率均最高;乙酸乙酯对黄瓜枯萎病菌及番茄早疫病菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)分别为0.75,1.50 mg/mL,对2种病原菌的最小杀菌浓度(MBC)皆为36 mg/mL;经离体叶片实验,乙酸乙酯对黄瓜枯萎病和番茄早疫病均具有一定的预防和治疗效果.表明一年蓬提取物的乙酸乙酯相具有开发成植物源杀菌剂的潜力.     

罗伦隐球酵母对柑橘采后酸腐病的抑制效果

研究了从梨果表面筛选分离到的罗伦隐球酵母(Cryptococcus laurentii)菌株对贮藏柑橘酸腐病菌(Geotrichum citri-aurantii)的抑制作用.实验结果表明:在25℃,病原菌接种量一致的条件下,罗伦隐球酵母的生物防治效果与其接种浓度和其与病原菌接种间隔时间有关.当接种病原菌的量为1×106mL-1时,1×106mL-1拮抗酵母能有效地抑制酸腐病害的发生,拮抗酵母的接种浓度越高,其抑制效果越显著;罗伦隐球酵母同时或先于病原菌接种,可显著抑制酸腐病害的发生.柑橘果实接种罗伦隐球酵母24 h后,多酚氧化酶(PPO)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性升高,整个实验过程中均高于对照.采用不同的处理液处理柑橘果实,发现罗伦隐球酵母悬浮液和培养原液对酸腐病菌有较好的抑制效果,培养滤液和热杀死液也有抑制效果.研究结果表明罗伦隐球酵母菌株对柑橘酸腐病害有很好的防治潜力,其抑制机理可能与营养和空间竞争及分泌抗菌物质有关.     

新疆五种特色植物提取物抑菌活性初步研究

采用生长速率法测定了阿魏等5种新疆特色植物提取物对10 种常见植物病原菌的抑菌作用.结果表明：有5种植物均表现一定程度的抑菌活性,其中阿魏提取物活性最好,且抑菌谱较广;在0.01g/mL的浓度下,对小麦纹枯病菌、番茄早疫病菌、番茄灰霉病菌、辣椒疫霉病菌、苹果干腐病菌、苹果霉心病菌等6种植物病原菌72h都有较好的抑制作用,抑制率都在90%以上;其中对番茄灰霉病菌抑菌效果最好,达100%.在0.05g/mL的浓度下,72h抑制效果都有所降低,但都在53.70%以上.     

重金属Cd、Zn污染对番茄果实品质的影响及其残留的研究

通过温室盆栽试验,研究重金属Cd、Zn对番茄果实品质的影响及其在果实内的残留.结果表明:(1)Cd、Zn处理影响番茄果实品质.随着重金属处理浓度的增加(Cd:0.001 mmol/L~0.1 mmol/L、Zn:0.01 mmol/L~1.0mmol/L),番茄可溶性固形物、维生素C、可溶性糖的变化呈下降趋势,但是差异不显著.而有机酸含量上升,且处理间的差异显著,Zn在1.0 mmol/L时,有机酸含量与对照呈极显著差异.(2)Cd、Zn在番茄果实中的残留量随处理浓度的增加而增加,各Cd处理浓度与对照呈极显著差异.除Zn(0.01 mmol/L)处理外,其余Zn处理间差异显著.与国家蔬菜卫生标准相比,番茄果实中的Cd的含量严重超标,而Zn的含量没有超标.     

二去水卫矛醇对四种肿瘤细胞的体外抑制作用

采用噻唑蓝(MTT)比色法检测不同浓度二去水卫矛醇(DAG)对人胃癌细胞SGC-7901、人肺癌细胞H460、人鼻咽癌细胞CNE和人肝癌细胞BEL-7404的抑制率研究DAT对4种肿瘤细胞的体外抑制作用.结果表明,DAG对4种癌细胞:CNE、H460、SGC-7901和BEL-7404有较强的抑制作用,作用72h后半数抑制浓度(72h-IC50)分别为4.12μg· ml-1,15.98μg·ml-1,16.00μg· ml-1和16.73μg·ml-1.显微镜下可见经药物作用后细胞圆缩、胞质浓缩、胞浆内颗粒集中边缘化甚至细胞溶解等损伤现象.DAG在体外对上述4种癌细胞有明显的抑制生长作用.     

加工番茄促生拮抗菌的筛选及其抑菌效果测定

针对新疆加工番茄病害发生普遍且为害严重的问题,进行了促生拮抗菌的分离筛选及其促生和抑菌效果的研究.从新疆各加工番茄主产区采集健康加工番茄植株根际土壤164份,共分离纯化得到细菌及放线菌分离物1029个,经室内一次筛选和二次筛选得到54株对番茄立枯丝核菌具有强拮抗作用的细菌菌株.促生试验表明,这54个细菌菌株中有6株细菌能提早加工番茄种子的发芽时间和提高加工番茄的发芽率,并对发芽后植株的株高、株鲜重和地上部干重的提高都具有明显的促进作用.盆栽接菌试验表明,有5株拮抗菌防治立枯病的效果较好,其中SL-23菌株的防治效果为46.96%,优于五氯硝基苯拌种的防治效果.5株拮抗细菌都对病原真菌立枯丝核病菌（Rhizoctonia solani）、早疫病菌（Alternaria solani）、枯萎病菌（Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.lycopersici）、疫霉病菌（Phytophthora capsici）、菌核病菌（Sclerotinia sclerotiorum）和病原细菌番茄细菌性疮痂病菌（Xanthomonas vesicatoria）有较强的抑制生长的作用,抑菌谱较为广泛.     

银杏叶多糖对人恶性黑色素瘤细胞增殖的影响

研究了银杏叶多糖(PGBL)对人恶性黑色索瘤(A375)细胞增殖的影响.采用50μg·ml-1、100μg·ml-1和200μg·ml-1浓度的PGBL作用于A375细胞,MTT法检测细胞生长和增殖情况.结果表明,不同浓度的PGBL都可抑制A375细胞的增殖,且呈浓度、时间依赖性.证明PGBL对恶性黑色素瘤有一定的防治作用.     

银杏叶多糖对人恶性黑色素瘤细胞增殖的影响

研究了银杏叶多糖(PGBL)对人恶性黑色素瘤(A375)细胞增殖的影响。采用50μg.ml-1、100μg.ml-1和200μg.ml-1浓度的PGBL作用于A375细胞,MTT法检测细胞生长和增殖情况。结果表明,不同浓度的PGBL都可抑制A375细胞的增殖,且呈浓度、时间依赖性。证明PGBL对恶性黑色素瘤有一定的防治作用。     

硼酸、肉桂油及亚磷酸钾对采后病原菌Fusarium oxysporum生长发育的影响

为寻找针对果蔬镰刀菌枯萎病主要致病菌Fusarium oxysporum的有效防治方法,从腐烂的番茄(Solanum lycopersicum)中分离主要致病菌之一,经核糖体RNA基因内转录间隔区(rDNA-ITS)鉴定后,利用硼酸、肉桂油、亚磷酸钾处理病菌,确定最低抑菌浓度,并通过生理、生化指标以及果实接种实验,研究3种抑菌物质与病原菌发育及致病力的关系.结果表明:分离的病原菌为F.oxysporum;3种物质的抑菌效果均与浓度成正比;在最低抑菌浓度下,可以显著抑制F.oxysporum的孢子萌发,延缓芽管伸长及菌丝扩展速度,降低病原菌生物量积累,引起病原菌糖吸收障碍,并对F.oxysporum引起的番茄腐烂有明显的防治作用,其中肉桂油的防治效果尤为突出.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to