制备过程中铜锌粉末组织演变分析

采用SEM、TEM及XRD等方法研究了铜锌粉末在不同制备阶段时的金相组织.结果表明,热喷法制备的铜锌粉末的组织主要是树枝状晶,球磨后呈微细纤维结构,完全再结晶退火后为均匀的等轴晶,且有孪晶形成;铜锌粉末在250℃开始发生再结晶,退火的温度越高,再结晶越充分;在一定的温度下,延长保温时间,也可使再结晶充分进行;当退火热处理在400℃×1 h时,就完成再结晶过程;超过400℃进行退火,粉末的亚结构组织长大.     

半固态铸造-叠轧深变形制备超细晶A2017合金

利用波浪型倾斜板半固态铸造和叠轧深变形的复合成形模式在等效应变为4.0的条件下制备出了平均晶粒为0.5μm的A2017合金超细晶材料.随着叠轧道次的增加,合金的维氏硬度先增后降,随后缓慢增加.在一定的退火温度下合金组织由亚稳定态向稳定态转变,在200℃保温1 h,晶粒生长比较缓慢,在退火温度高于200℃时晶粒变化明显;随着退火温度的升高,合金组织发生回复与再结晶过程,合金加工硬化逐渐消失,合金的维氏硬度降低.     

大变形量Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金的热轧板再结晶行为

采用光学显微镜、维氏硬度计和透射电子显微镜研究Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金大变形热轧板退火过程中的组织演变和力学性能变化,探讨再结晶形核和长大机制,并通过分析位错和储存能变化规律研究动态回复对再结晶的影响。研究结果表明:Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金在390℃热轧变形时,其主要软化机理为动态回复;当变形至90%时,其组织由直径为0.3～0.6μm的位错胞和亚晶组成,这种回复时发生的多边形化促进了随后退火过程中静态再结晶的进行。根据硬度曲线和组织分析确定总变形量为90%的Al-Zn-Mg-Cu热轧板再结晶起始温度为400℃,完全再结晶温度为420℃;超过450℃时再结晶晶粒明显长大,再结晶形核机制以亚晶合并形核为主。     

退火温度对超细晶中锰TRIP钢组织性能的影响

为研究连续退火工艺生产中锰TRIP钢汽车板的可行性,在钢板连续退火模拟机CCT--AY--Ⅱ上研究了590~710℃不同退火温度下保温3 min对低碳中锰钢组织性能的影响.利用扫描电镜、透射电镜、电子背散射衍射和X射线能谱分析等微观分析方法对实验钢进行了组织结构和成分表征,利用X射线衍射法测量了残余奥氏体量,通过拉伸试验机测试了钢的单轴拉伸性能.结果表明:保温3min时,随着保温温度的升高,残奥含量先增加后减少.在650℃退火时断后伸长率(21.3%)和强塑积(28GPa·%)获得最大值,抗拉强度达到1330MPa.马氏体基体通过回复,而残余奥氏体通过孪晶,获得超细晶组织.亚稳奥氏体的TRIP效应和超细晶铁素体(马氏体)共同提供了实验钢高的塑性.实验钢真实应力--应变曲线上呈现锯齿状现象,且稳定阶段加工硬化指数远高于传统TRIP钢.     

C-Mn钢冷轧薄板等温退火微观组织演变

利用光学显微镜,探讨等温退火工艺中退火温度和保温时间对C-Mn钢组织的影响,尤其是对铁素体再结晶、魏氏体和托氏体相变的影响。研究结果表明:加热温度在750℃以下时,以铁素体回复再结晶为主,退火温度升高及保温时间延长均能增加铁素体再结晶程度,但晶粒长大不明显。退火温度在850℃以上时,相变发生在冷却过程中,以魏氏体、托氏体相变为主,且保温过程中奥氏体晶粒越大,冷却时魏氏体和托氏体转变量越多,铁素体含量越少。     

Q235碳素钢不同热变形条件下退火过程的织构分析

利用扫描电镜、背散射电子衍射(EBXD)和X射线衍射技术研究了三种方式热变形后保温时铁素体的长大行为.结果表明,回复、再结晶和长大的相对程度与第二相粒子的状态及铁素体的取向分布有关.形变强化相变产生的超细铁素体中形变储存能较低,退火时难以发生静态再结晶,而以晶粒长大为主,铁素体因第二相出现较晚而充分生长:A1温度以下纯铁素体区形变的铁素体虽然形变储存能最高,形变量最大,但第二相钉扎最明显,铁素体仅发生部分再结晶,<111>取向形变晶粒比<100>取向形变晶粒更明显地被削弱;α+γ两相区形变时,铁素体(亚)晶粒发生回复式长大,<111>取向晶粒和<100>取向晶粒有不同的再结晶倾向.     

退火温度对5A06挤压型材组织及性能的影响

通过对型材微观组织的观察及维氏硬度、晶间腐蚀和剥落腐蚀等的测试,研究了退火温度对5A06挤压型材组织及性能的影响。结果表明,随着退火温度的升高,晶粒发生了回复、再结晶和晶粒长大三个阶段。当退火温度达到175 ℃时,型材发生低温回复,硬度变化不大,耐蚀性较差;在225～325 ℃退火,型材发生完全再结晶,硬度变化较明显,耐蚀性得到改善;当退火温度高于325 ℃时,晶粒长大,硬度略降低,耐蚀性变差。结合5A06挤压型材组织及性能研究可知,确定退火温度为225～325 ℃。     

铜锌粉末退火状态下的组织研究

针对粉末加工过程中需进行退火热处理的实际,研究了铜锌粉末在不同退火条件下的铜锌粉末组织.研究结果表明,50μm的铜锌粉末在250℃开始再结晶,随着退火温度的升高,再结晶越充分;在一定的温度条件下,延长保温时间,也可使再结晶充分;当退火热处理在400℃,1h时,就完成再结晶过程.超过400℃进行退火热处理,会出现铜锌粉末脱锌.     

退火温度对单向纤维晶纯铜线材组织性能影响

对退火前后单向纤维晶纯铜线材组织进行了观察，测试了其力学与导电性能，结果表明：在300℃以下退火时，线材的金相显微组织与退火前相比没有明显变化，仍然保持为连续纤维晶，其抗拉强度有所下降，延伸率有所增加；在400℃退火时，线材发生完全再结晶，且有孪晶生成；500％退火时，再结晶晶粒长大；在400℃以上退火时，抗拉强度大幅度下降，延伸率显著增加；在200～400℃的范围退火时，电导率增加，但增幅较小。     

大变形轧制超细晶TWIP钢的组织及性能研究

通过大变形异步-同步轧制及随后600 ℃和700 ℃退火处理,成功制备了超细晶高锰TWIP钢,并研究了退火处理对大变形TWIP钢的组织和性能的影响.研究结果表明:经96%异步-同步大变形轧制后,材料组织显著细化,抗拉强度从621 MPa大幅提升至2 050 MPa; 经过600 ℃退火后,大变形轧制TWIP钢的组织基本完成了再结晶,材料的平均晶粒尺寸约为500 nm,抗拉强度1 079 MPa,延伸率达到了29%; 而经过700 ℃退火后,大变形TWIP钢的组织发生了完全再结晶,平均晶粒尺寸约为600 nm,抗拉强度达到了1 101 MPa,延伸率达到了54%.退火后的组织中存在大量的层错、位错胞等亚结构.相对于大变形轧制态和600 ℃退火态,700 ℃退火态的超细晶TWIP钢的优异的综合力学性能,主要源于孪晶诱发塑性变形机制及合金较低的层错能.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to