长焦距Si微透镜阵列的制作及点扩散函数测量

针对用常规光刻热熔法制作折射型微透镜阵列的过程中,临界角效应严重制约了长焦距微透镜阵列制作问题,提出了曲率补偿法;在经过常规光刻热熔成形和离子束刻蚀技术制成的硅微透镜阵列上再涂敷几层光刻胶,以降低各单元微透镜的曲率,然后再次进行加热固化和离子束刻蚀。扫描电子显微镜（ＳＥＭ）显示微透镜阵列为表面极为平缓的方底拱面阵列,表面探针测试结果显示用补偿刻蚀法制作的微透镜的物方Ｆ数和像方Ｆ‘数分别可达到４９．     

微透镜阵列的离子束溅射刻蚀研究

微透镜阵列的离子束溅射刻蚀研究张新宇易新建赵兴荣麦志洪何苗（华中理工大学光电子工程系武汉４３００７４）刘鲁勤（航天部二院２５所北京１００５８４）利用扫描电子显微镜（ＳＥＭ）和表面探针测试，分析了采用离子束溅射刻蚀技术所制作的石英微透镜阵列器件的表面微...     

长焦距Si微透镜阵列的制作及点扩散函数测量

针对用常规光刻热熔法制作折射型微透镜阵列的过程中,临界角效应严重制约了长焦距微透镜阵列制作问题,提出了曲率补偿法在经过常规光刻热熔成形和离子束刻蚀技术制成的硅微透镜阵列上再涂敷几层光刻胶,以降低各单元微透镜的曲率,然后再次进行加热固化和离子束刻蚀.扫描电子显微镜(SEM)显示微透镜阵列为表面极为平缓的方底拱面阵列,表面探针测试结果显示用补偿刻蚀法制作的微透镜的物方F数和像方F＇数分别可达到49.26和53.52,并且微透镜的点扩散函数比较接近理想值.     

面阵硅场发射阵列的离子束刻蚀

利用光刻热熔法及氩离子束刻蚀技术制作１２８×１２８元面阵硅场发射器件,采用扫描电子显微镜（ＳＥＭ）和表面探针等测试手段分析所制成的面阵硅微尖阵列和硅微台（微环尖）阵列的表面微结构形貌特点．所制成的面阵硅微尖和硅微台（微环尖）器件的图形整齐均匀,达到了预定的各项指标的要求．实验表明,所采用的器件制作方法有较大的实用价值．     

氩离子束刻蚀制作大面阵微透镜阵列

对制作大面阵微透镜阵列的氩离子束刻蚀技术进行了讨论和分析．实验结果表明,衬底材料不同时,制作表面形貌良好并具有预定参数指标要求的微透镜阵列的工艺条件有明显的差异,给出了在几种衬底材料上刻蚀制作面阵微透镜阵列的离子束刻蚀速率与离子束能量之间相互关系的实测结果．     

用于强功率半导体激光器的石英柱微透镜阵列

采用光刻热熔法及离子束溅射刻蚀制作面阵石英柱微透镜阵列．表面探针和扫描电子显微镜的测试表明,在不同的工艺条件下制成的柱微透镜的表面轮廓具有明显的差异,给出了描述柱微透镜制作过程中的几个重要工艺参量的拟合关系式．     

用于强功率半导体激光器的石英柱微透镜阵列

采用光刻热熔法及离子束溅射刻蚀制作面阵石英柱微透镜阵列,表面探针和扫描电子显微镜的测试表明,在不同的工艺条件下制成的柱微透镜的表面轮廓具有明显的差异,给出了描述柱微透镜制作 过程中的几个重要参量的拟合关系式。     

氩离子束刻蚀制作大面阵微透镜阵列

对制作大面阵微透镜阵列的氩离子束刻蚀技术进行了讨论和分析。实验结果表明,衬底材料不同时,制作 表面形貌良好并具有预定参数指标要求的微透镜阵列的工艺条件有明显的差异,给出了在几种衬底材料上刻蚀制作 面阵微透镜列的离子束刻蚀速率束能量之间相互关系的实测结果。     

超导薄膜制 Bolometer 器件的微透镜红外增强

采用离子束刻蚀制备线列熔凝石英柱微透镜阵列,准分子激光扫描消融法淀积性能均匀且稳定性良好的ＹＢａ２Ｃｕ３Ｏ７－δ高温超导薄膜,湿法刻蚀制备超导薄膜器件,微透镜阵列与超导薄膜器件用胶粘合构成组合红外探测器,测试了组合器件在１～５ｍ红外波段的光响应特性．     

面阵硅场发射阵列的离子束刻蚀

利用光刻热熔及法氩离子束刻蚀技术制作 １２８＊１２８元面阵硅场发射器件。采用扫描电子显征购 间和表探针等测试手段分析所制成的面阵硅微尖阵列和硅微阵列的表面向一结构形貌特点。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-