活性炭负载P-Mo-W杂多酸催化苯硝化反应活性的研究

以活性炭为栽体,采用浸渍法制备了负载磷钼钨杂多酸催化剂,利用XRD和IR对催化剂进行了表征,并对其苯的催化硝化反应活性进行初步评价,考察了钼钨比、负载量、催化剂用量、反应时间等因素对硝基苯收率的影响.结果表明,活性炭负载后,催化剂仍保持了杂多酸的Keggin结构,并表现出较强的催化硝化反应活性,在适宜条件下,硝基苯收率可达到73.20 %.     

活性炭负载磷钼钨杂多酸银盐催化合成环己酮乙二醇缩酮

以活性炭为载体,制备了负载的磷钼钨杂多酸银盐催化剂,并以环己酮、乙二醇为原料,考察了该催化剂催化合成环己酮乙二醇缩酮的活性.研究了催化剂负载量、用量、反应条件(时间、温度、酮醇摩尔比)等因素对缩合反应收率的影响.实验表明,活性炭负载磷钼钨杂多酸银盐是合成环己酮乙二醇缩酮的良好催化剂,当负载量为30%时,催化剂用量为环己酮质量的8%,n(环己酮):n(乙二醇)=1:1.8,反应温度为110～120℃,反应时间为60 min,环己烷为带水剂,环已酮乙二醇缩酮收率可达到90.2%.     

活性碳负载磷钨杂多酸催化合成双(4-羟基苯基)苯基甲烷

对以活性碳负载磷钨杂多酸为催化剂 ,巯基乙酸为助催化剂 ,苯酚和苯甲醛为原料 ,催化合成双 (4-羟基苯基 )苯基甲烷的反应进行了研究 .试验发现 ,磷钨杂多酸的活性碳负载量为 5 0 %时 ,催化活性最好 .通过对缩合反应的正交试验表明 ,活性碳负载磷钨杂多酸的负载量、主催化剂用量、助催化剂用量、酚醛物质的量比、反应的温度及反应的时间对缩合反应的收率有影响 .反应的最佳条件为 :活性碳负载磷钨杂多酸的负载量为 5 0 % ,n(酚 ) /n(醛 ) =4∶ 1 ,反应温度 1 0 0℃ ,主催化剂2 .5 g,助催化剂 0 .1 m L,反应时间 2 h,收率可达 73 .8% .     

磷钨杂多酸催化剂催化合成双酚AP的研究

应用磷钨杂多酸催化剂对催化合成双酚AP进行了研究 .结果表明 :主催化剂的用量、助催化剂的用量、酚酮摩尔比、反应温度、反应时间等是影响产品收率主要因素 ;使用磷钨杂多酸催化剂 ,双酚AP的单程收率可达 5 4.5 % .制备双酚AP的最佳工艺条件为 :酚酮摩尔比 5∶1,反应温度 12 0℃ ,主催化剂用量 6 % ,助催化剂用量 0 .15mL ,反应时间 4h .     

Dawson结构磷钼钒酸在环己烷催化氧化中的应用

以Dawson结构的磷钼钒杂多酸为催化剂、 质量分数为30%的H₂O₂为氧化剂, 研究环己烷的催化氧化反应. 考察了钒含量、 温度、 催化剂用量、 过氧化氢用量及反应时间对环己烷氧化反应的影响, 并将其结果与以相应的Keggin结构磷钼钒杂多酸为催化剂时得到的结果进行比较, 表明在相同反应条件下, Dawson结构的磷钼钒酸的催化活性明显高于相应的Keggin结构的磷钼钒酸的催化活性.     

活性碳负载磷钨杂多酸催化合成双（4—羟基苯基）苯基甲烷

对以活性碳负载磷钨杂多酸为催化剂，巯基乙酸为助催化剂，苯酚和苯甲醛为原料，催化合成双（4－羟基苯基）苯基甲羟的反应进行了研究。试验发现，磷钨杂多酸的活性碳负载量为50％时，催化活性最好。通过对缩合反应的正交试验表明，活性碳负载磷钨杂多酸的负载量、主催化剂用量、助催化剂用量、酚醛物质的量比、反应的温度及反应的时间对缩合反应的收率有影响。反应的最佳条件为：活性碳负载磷钨杂多酸的负载量为50％，n（酚)/n（醛）＝4∶1，反应温度100℃，主催化剂2.5g，助催化剂0.1mL，反应时间2h，收率可达73.8%。     

固载化PW12/SiO2催化剂及其催化合成DOTP的研究

用12-钨磷杂多酸和硅酸钠,通过凝胶法制备固载化杂多酸催化剂PW12/SiO2,并对所制备的催化剂进行了红外光谱、差热、电子能谱以及酸强度测定.以对苯二甲酸和2-乙基乙醇为原料,用自备的PW12/SiO2催化酯化合成增塑剂对苯二甲酸二辛酯,通过正交化实验确定了最佳反应条件.     

坡缕石固载磷钨杂多酸催化合成乙酸正丁酯的研究

将十二磷钨杂多酸和酸活化的坡缕石按一定比例加水混合,回流蒸发、干燥、焙烧,制备了坡缕石固载十二磷钨杂多酸,并用红外光谱和X射线粉末衍射进行了表征.研究了该物质在乙酸正丁酯合成中的催化性能,正交实验测定表明,当醇酸摩尔比为n(正丁醇)∶n(乙酸)=1∶1.2,坡缕石负载磷钨杂多酸用量为反应物总质量的1.7%,带水剂环己烷用量为6 mL,反应时间80 min,反应温度105 ℃时,酯化率可达99.8%,产物选择性为100%.     

二氧化硅负载杂多酸铵催化苯液相硝化反应的研究

以正硅酸乙酯为硅源,调整钼酸铵、钨酸铵用量,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了二氧化硅负载磷钼钨杂多酸铵盐催化剂,利用XRD和IR对催化剂进行了表征,并以苯液相硝化反应为模型反应,初步评价了催化剂的苯硝化反应催化性能.结果表明,杂多酸铵具有典型的Keggin结构,而且表现出较强的苯硝化反应催化活性和100%单硝基苯选择性;钨含量的增大,可有效的增强催化剂的催化性能;催化剂可以重复使用,但使用5次后,催化活性相有所损失,导致催化活性下降.     

酯化合成对羟基苯甲酸正丁酯

磷钨杂多酸、负载磷钨杂多酸作为合成对羟基苯甲酸正丁酯(尼泊金丁酯)的催化剂.催化剂用量为对羟基苯甲酸质量的5%,反应时间为3 h.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

The Analects and the Moment in Peking——The influence of a Confucian education system on the personality formation,the way of thinking and the fate of the main characters

0.Preface China has long been boasting of its colorful and immense culture which comprises of Taoism,Confucianism and Buddhism.The interwoven influence among the religions on Chinese way of thinking,on the nation＇s behavior in their social life throughout the long history is beyond list.