一种新的降维算法PCA_LLE在图像识别中的应用

通过结合PCA与LLE两种降维方法,提出新的PCA_LLE算法,使它们优势互补.在手写体数字数据集上进行实验,先对数据集降维,再用K近邻算法对降维后的数据分类.实验结果表明融合两种算法的PCA_LLE降维方法较原来的PCA和LLE算法准确率均有了提升.而且新算法PCA_LLE对新样本的降维时间较LLE算法减少很多.在ORL人脸数据集上的实验表明,PCA_LLE算法较PCA,LLE算法准确率有所提高.     

基于LLE和PCA的人脸识别算法研究

用PCA算法对非线性结构的高维数据(如人脸图像)进行降维,会破坏其局部结构信息.而采用LLE算法对其进行降维,又会保留大量的冗余信息,并且算法不具有可扩展性,从而达不到预期的降维效果.为了克服PCA算法和LLE算法的这些缺点,我们提出将LLE算法与PCA算法以及径向基神经网络相结合的LPR算法,并将该算法分别与LLE算法和PCA算法进行实验比较.结果表明,LPR算法在保证较高识别率的同时,大大提高了算法效率.     

基于AdaBoost和LLE的视频人脸特征提取研究

特征提取是生物特征识别的关键环节.本文提出了一种基于AdaBoost和LLE的视频人脸特征提取方法.其大致思路是用VFW技术对视频图像进行采集、接着将AdaBoost算法对采集的图像进行人脸检测,最后应用LLE算法对检测到的人脸图像进行降维并提取出特征.项目实践表明,该方法具有便捷性、实用性和有效性.     

半监督局部线性嵌入算法在人脸识别中的应用

提高人脸识别算法的识别率,提出一种基于半监督局部线性嵌入(Semi-Supervised Locally Linear Embedding,SSLLE)的人脸图像识别方法。针对局部线性嵌入(Locally Linear Embedding,LLE)算法非监督学习的缺陷,引入半监督思想,在构造邻域的时候利用部分样本的标签信息来重新调整距离矩阵;使用调整后的距离矩阵进行线性重建从而实现数据降维。在Yale和ORL人脸库上的实验结果表明,能有效的提高人脸识别的性能。     

基于局部线性嵌入与主成分分析的人脸识别方法

针对主成分分析（PCA）算法对数据进行向量化,破坏初始数据的局部结构信息的缺点,提出了将局部线性嵌入（LLE）与PCA相结合的人脸识别算法。先采用LLE提取的初始数据保留了人脸局部结构信息的低维特征,再利用PCA计算低维数据的主要成分,最后根据各人脸的主要成分之间的欧式距离判断是否匹配。对比实验表明,该算法在明显提升算法效率的同时,保证了较高的识别率。     

基于局部线性嵌入与主成分分析的人脸识别方法

针对主成分分析(PCA)算法对数据进行向量化,破坏初始数据的局部结构信息的缺点,提出了将局部线性嵌入(LLE)与PCA相结合的人脸识别算法。先采用LLE提取的初始数据保留了人脸局部结构信息的低维特征,再利用PCA计算低维数据的主要成分,最后根据各人脸的主要成分之间的欧式距离判断是否匹配。对比实验表明,该算法在明显提升算法效率的同时,保证了较高的识别率。     

图像粒LLE算法在人脸表情分析中的应用

文章提出了一种粒计算和局部线性嵌入(LLE)相结合的图像处理方法.针对人脸研究领域中高维数据产生的复杂计算度问题,提出了图像粒的方法,并对图像进行处理;对高维数据进行了降维,从而达到降低计算复杂度的效果.实验在Frey人脸数据库上进行,在多个不同粒度的图像粒上分别应用LLE算法,给出人脸姿态和表情分布变化的实验结果,并分析了图像信息的损失情况.实验结果表明图像粒LLE算法对算法复杂度的降低和图像信息的保持是一个有效的方法.     

基于Gabor小波变换与支持向量机的人脸识别

提出一种将Gabor小渡变换与支持向量机相结合的人脸识别算法。首先用Gabor小波对人脸图像进行特征提取,由于变换后的特征维数较高,所以要对变换特征进行降维。本文采用一种改进的二维主元分析方法实现。最后采用支持向量机进行人脸的分类识别。在ORL人脸库中对算法进行了测试．结果表明该算法识别率较高。     

Curvelet变换在人脸识别中的应用研究

针对小波只能反映信号的点奇异性,无法实现人脸图像面部轮廓和五官曲线信息的最优稀疏表示,提出了一种基于第2代Curvelet的人脸识别算法.通过对人脸图像进行第2代Curvelet变换,分解得到表征人脸基本信息的低频系数,再利用双向2维主成分分析((2D)2PCA)进行降维,并结合最近邻算法进行人脸识别.以ORL人脸数据库进行试验,结果表明:与基于小波变换的算法相比,该算法具有更高识别率和更短的识别时间.     

基于LLE的彩色图象人脸检测

分析了人脸与非人脸之间的本质区别,提出了运用局部线形嵌入(LLE)的非线性降维方法,解决非线性结构的高维数据(图象)低维表示的问题,实现了高维输入数据点映射到一个全局低维坐标系,同时保留了邻接点之间的空间关系(即高维空间的几何结构).此算法不仅能够有效地发现数据的非线性结构,同时还具有平移、旋转不变性.运用LLE算法对图象进行降维,再对降维后的数据运用支持向量机(SVM)分类器进行人脸和非人脸的分类.实验结果表明,该人脸检测方法测率较高,并且不受姿态、表情和光照的影响.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to