Argos浮标及模型反演吕宋海峡区域流场季节变化特征

针对黑潮是以流套、分支还是黑潮锋的方式侵入南海的不同观点,应用Argos浮标数据探讨了吕宋海峡黑潮的季节性分布特征,并利用区域海洋模式系统(ROMS)对吕宋海峡黑潮流态进行数值模拟,进而研究吕宋海峡表层和120.75°E断面黑潮流态的季节分布特征以及断面流量变化,并与实测值、他人的计算结果进行对比.结果显示,春夏两季黑潮主要以黑潮锋的形式存在,夏季有南海水汇入黑潮主干,秋冬两季有时会以流套形式入侵南海,并部分从台湾南部折回到黑潮主干,冬季有一小部分黑潮水以分支形式直接入侵南海.本模型计算表明:在吕宋海峡120.75°E断面上,常年有东西向海流,海峡上层的净通量为负值(流向南海),下层的净通量春季为正值,其它季节均为负值,整个断面每个季节的体积输送为太平洋水净输入南海,平均净输运量为1.305×107 m3/s.     

黑潮在吕宋海峡的形变及动力机制

根据１９９０年以来对吕宋海峡和中国南海北部的ＷＯＣＥ水文资料和其它海洋调查资料的分析，以及同一海区的卫星遥测海表温度的资料处理，推断在吕宋海峡常年存在黑潮路径弯曲，西折进入ＳＣＳ并又流出ＳＣＳ的现象，作者将黑潮的这种变形称为“黑潮流套”。黑潮变形进入ＳＣＳ的位置在冬季位于海峡中部、南部附近、范围大；在夏季略向北移。较集中于海峡中部、范围较小。     

等密度面P-矢量方法和南海北部环流

介绍了等密度面上的P-矢量方法,并用该法计算了南海等密度面上的环流和通过吕宋海峡各个月份的体积输送.计算结果表明:净输送量全年都是流入南海,二月份黑潮入侵最强,九月份入侵最弱;在混合层以下,南海的代表性流型是一个海盆尺度的气旋式环流,环流内部又有一些季节性变化的中小尺度的涡旋.     

吕宋海峡海洋环流的基本特征

根据对高分辨率的并行海洋气候模式输出的较长时间序列的海面高度场的分析,推断在吕襟海峡际近海区常年存在吕宋海黑潮流套,该流套出现于吕宋海峡的中部和北部,表现为一倏在状的ＳＳＨ的高值中心自海峡东部的大平洋的向面扩展到南海北部,     

南海东沙环礁附近第二模态内孤立波生成过程的数值模拟

为了研究东沙环礁附近海域第二模态内孤立波的生成机制,基于非静压海洋模型SUNTANS,在南海实际地形条件下建立了南海东北部内孤立波三维数值模型,对该海域内孤立波的传播演变进行了数值模拟.模型模拟出了第二模态内孤立波,其垂向呈三层结构,即上层水体与下层水体水平向流速相同,并与中间层相反.第二模态内孤立波波速模拟值与理论计算值吻合较好.根据模拟结果,分析了东沙环礁附近海域第二模态内孤立波的生成过程,结果表明,该海域第二模态内孤立波源于从吕宋海峡附近海域传播而来的第一模态内孤立波和底部地形的相互作用,并与陆坡上部内潮的影响有关.     

环台湾岛海域三维环流数值模拟

采用97版POM海洋模式.计算中取了较高分辨率,水平格距7km×6km,垂向分11个σ层.对环台湾岛海域分别计算了冬夏两季的风生流、边界力流及二者共同作用下的流场.结果表明,环台湾岛海域的海流主要是边界力作用的结果,风的驱动作用为其次.关于台湾暖流,同时来源于台湾海峡和黑潮在台湾东北方的一个北上分支,且后者的成分略大.至于黑潮流有否进入南海,本文的结果支持黑潮“流套”的观点.另外,为了模拟好风生流,通过数值试验对开边界条件作了讨论.     

夏季南海北部海洋混合的微结构特征研究

通过对2007年8月海洋湍流微结构剖面观测资料进行分析,研究南海北部上层湍流混合特征.结果表明,南海北部强混合发生区主要为北部陆架陆坡区域,陆架底混合层湍耗散率可达10-5W·kg-1异常高值.深水区温跃层以下,湍耗散率大部分为10-9W·kg-1量级,然而存在较多小尺度过程产生的强湍流薄层,其湍耗散率达到10-7W·kg-1量级.在吕宋海峡附近,观测到西太平洋次表层水入侵南海,同时伴随着强烈的湍流耗散和混合.混合系数γ的分布显示,Os-born模型估算南海混合率γ取0.11为佳.利用Richardson数对观测到的垂向热扩散系数参数化,发现陆架陆坡区和深水区的垂向混合有不同的规律.     

黑潮和南海北部海流相互关联的数值模拟研究

根据北太平洋环境区域性模式的计算结果研究了黑潮和南海北部上层海流的相互关联问题。计算结果表明：在巴士海峡南部一年中大部分时间都有一部分黑潮水流入南海，其中一部分在南海呈一反气旋式弯曲，然后在巴士海峡北部又流回到黑潮主干；另一部分与南海北部的一个气旋式涡旋的北翼一起向西流动，有时可以一起 流到南海的内部海域。６月份南海北部并不存在气旋式涡旋，在巴士海峡南部进入南海的水，只呈反气旋式流动，从巴士海峡北     

东海PN断面障碍层和水团的季节变化特征及其可能联系

本文利用PN断面的高分辨率海水温-盐-深剖面测量仪(CTD)温度、盐度和密度资料进行分析,发现PN断面处的水团有明显的陆架水和黑潮水的交汇特征,且随着季节的变化PN断面处的水团特征也发生明显的变化.通过观测资料还确定了PN断面处障碍层是常年存在的而且具有显著的季节变化.采用曲线族拟合的水团分析方法,根据不同季节PN断面上陆架水和黑潮水的混合特征,证明了水团混合在障碍层形成及季节变化中的重要作用,发现障碍层的季节变化与陆架水团和黑潮水团混合的季节变化密切相关.夏季,陆架水团向外海延伸,浮置于黑潮水之上,此时障碍层深度最浅,障碍层厚度最大;秋季,黑潮水离岸最近,将黑潮水与陆架水的交汇处向西压迫至陆架内,此时几乎不存在障碍层,零星存在的障碍层深度较深,厚度是一年当中最薄的;冬季,由于黑潮水的核心相对于秋季向深海移动,使得陆架混合水也相应地向外海拓展,而且此时陆架水与黑潮水的交汇处不只在混合层内而是影响到跃层,此季节障碍层是一年当中深度最深,厚度最厚的;春季,黑潮水的核心以及两种水团的交汇处相对于冬季的位置更向深海移动,所以此时PN断面上的障碍层深度和厚度相对于冬季变化不大,只是位置东移.海面风场和净热通量场通过改变...     

黑潮对中国近海热盐输运的季节和年际变化

应用垂向混合坐标系海洋模式（HYCOM）,对赤道以及北太平洋进行了气候态模拟和1990-1999年的模拟.给出了黑潮对我国近海热量和盐量输运的定量结果,并对其季节和年际变化特征进行了分析.气候态模拟的结果表明,黑潮对东海的热量输运与该区域的海表面热通量同量级,且呈反向变化,热量输运冬季最大,夏季最小,7月为-9×1013W,2月为2.5×1014W,春、秋为过渡季节.黑潮向南海输运的热量除夏季为负值外,其它季节均为正值.黑潮年均向东海输运热量1.67×1014 W,向南海输运热量1.5×1014W.盐量输运的变化趋势与热量一致.对1990-1999年的模拟结果进行小波分析表明,黑潮对东海热量和盐量输运具有4~7年的显著周期,且与厄尔尼诺现象密切相关.厄尔尼诺年,黑潮向东海输运的热量和盐量均有明显减小.黑潮对南海热量和盐量输运的周期约为3~4年.黑潮对南海的热量输运也与厄尔尼诺现象存在负相关关系.     

Temporal and spatial variabilities of sea surface heights in the northeastern South China Sea

Analyses of sea surface height anomalies (SSHA) from Jan. 1993 to Dec. 2001 measured by TOPEX/Poseidon (T/P) satellite altimetry indicate that there are two energy highs of SSHA fluctuations on both sides of the Luzon Strait. The highs centered at (19.5°N, 119.5°E) and (22.0°N, 124.0°E) respectively, are separated by a low energy band in the Strait. Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis on the "Far Field" suggests that fluctuations of these two areas are mutually independent. EOF analysis on the "Near Field" shows that SSHA oscillation in the northeastern South China Sea (SCS) is dominated by seasonal variations accompanied with significant intra-seasonal and inter-annual fluctuations. Among which, EOFI and EOF2 reflect 66.7% of the total variance. They are both seasonal but showing three months difference in phase. The basic pattern of EOFI appears to be the seasonal SSHA oscillation centered at (18.0°N, 119.0°E) northwest off Luzon Island, which shows maximums (minimums) in August/Septemb     

Simulation of meridional overturning in the upper layer of the South China Sea with an idealized bottom topography

The South China Sea (SCS) is the largest marginal sea in the northwestern Pacific. Several important water gateways exist around the SCS, such as Luzon Strait, Taiwan Strait, etc., that lie in the northeastern SCS, and others like Kalimantan Strait, Balawan Strait, etc., lie in the south. Luzon Strait connects the SCS and Pacific via the Philippine Sea, and its water exchange has significant impact on the interior circulations of the SCS[1]. Since direct observation data about the …     

Simulation or meridional overturning in the upper layer of the South China Sea with an idealized bottom topography

The large-scale upper circulations and meridional overturning in the upper layer of the South China Sea (SCS) with idealized bottom topography in winter and summer are investigated. Simulations with the GFDL general circulation model are carried out under the conditions of open or enclosed boundary regarding transport in the Luzon Strait. The intrusion area of Kuroshio, its impact on the meridional overturning in the upper layer of the SCS and seasonal characteristic of this impact are explored, respectively. The model is forced by climatological wind stress and relaxed to monthly mean climatological temperature and salinity. The resultant meridional overturning is non-enclosed, wit htransporting from north to south in the surface and returning to north at the depth of about 500 m in winter, about 200 m in summer, with amplitudes of 10^5 m^3/s. It shows the transporting path of intermediate water of the SCS and offers an idealized reference for further study on dynamics of wind-driven and thermohaline circulation of the SCS.     

Coupling and propagating of mesoscale sea level variability between the western Pacific and the South China Sea

The coupling and propagating features of mesoscale sea level variability between the western Pacific (WP) and the South China Sea (SCS) were studied based on time series analyses of satellite altimeter measured, along-track sea surface height anomalies (SSHA) along 21°N and the slope of the northern SCS. The analyses show that mesoscale sea level fluctuations in the WP have rather limited coherent effects on the SCS, and no statistically significant propagation of mesoscale variability through the Luzon Strait was observed except in the 45-day band. Evidence suggests that the 45-day fluctuation is very much likely a character of the Kuroshio originating from its low-latitude beginning. It is also sug- gested that the westward propagating Rossby waves will deform when they encounter the dynamical barrier of the Kuroshio. The Kuroshio will then acts on the SCS in its own way. The SCS is a relatively isolated system in the sense of coupling and propagating of oceanic mesoscale waves.     

南海海面风与海面温度耦合模态分析

为了研究南海海面风与海面温度的相互关系,利用相关分析、经验正交函数分解、奇异值分解等方法对49a的COADS资料的南海海域的海表面温度异常(SSTA)和海表面风异常(SSWA)进行分析。SSTA的EOF1解释了总方差的50.8%,该模态与整个南海SSTA同步变化,时间系数主周期为2~3a,该系数滞后5个月,与Nino3.4指数的相关系数达到0.423;SSWA的EOF1解释了总方差的25.1%,与整个南海SSWA同向变化,时间系数的主要周期为4~8a,但与Nino3.4指数的同步相关系数只有0.04,SSTA和SSWA的SVD分析结果第一模态的方差贡献为86.7%,空间分布很好地体现了SSTA和SSWA之间的正反馈机制,左右奇异向量时间系数达到0.5,且时间系数的主要周期都为4~8a,证实了南海海域海-气耦合的主模态为ENSO模态。     

南海海盆演变与深部海流

 南海在距今34 Ma之前的始新世从陆地变为海洋,古水深不断加深,至距今24 Ma之前的中新世/渐新世之交,由于T60构造运动,南海海盆整体进入深海环境。但是,自中新世以来随着吕宋岛弧向欧亚板块碰撞,南海海盆的半封闭程度在距今10.0、6.5、3.0和1.2 Ma之前加剧,导致南海深部海水只能来自巴士海峡海槛深度2600 m以浅的太平洋。此后,巴士海峡两侧的南海与太平洋深部海水交换,由于全球海平面变化,呈现冰期/间冰期模式。     

Spatial and temporal variations of light rain events over China and the mid-high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere

Based on observed daily precipitation data, monthly gridded radiosonde upper air temperature and sea surface temperature data from the UK Met Office Hadley Centre, monthly surface air temperature from the Climatic Research Unit at the University of East Anglia and the NCEP/NCAR monthly reanalysis data, this study investigates the spatial and temporal variations of light rain events over China and the mid-high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere during 1961-2010, and discusses the relationship between the change of light rain events and atmospheric stability, sea surface temperature and atmospheric circulation. The light rain events over East China display a decreasing trend of 3.0%/10 a in summer and winter half years. Over Northwest China, an increasing trend of 4.1%/10 a is found in winter half years, but there is no trend in summer half years. Using empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis, it is found that the first two principal components of light rain events over the mid-high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere show long time scale variations in summer and winter half years. The first EOF modes (EOF1s) for summer and winter half years both depict a long-term increase in light rain events over North America and Southern Europe as well as Northwest China (except in summer half years), and a long-term decrease over most of the Eurasia (Central Europe, Eastern Europe, North Asia and East China). The second EOF mode (EOF2) for summer half year shows that light rain events increase over North America, Southern Europe and South China, but decrease over Eurasia north of 45°N from 1961 to early 1980s, while the trends reverse from late 1980s to 2010. The second EOF mode (EOF2) for winter half years indicates that light rain events increase over North America and South and North China, but decrease over Eurasia north of 40°N from 1961 to early 1980s, while the trends reverse from late 1980s to 2009. Correlation analysis and linear regression analysis suggest that EOF1s may be related to the change in atmospheric static stability associated with global warming, and EOF2s are possibly linked to the AMO.     

吕宋海峡及其周边海域海表温度的季节变化特征

利用海表温度的遥感资料,分析了吕宋海峡及其周边海域海表温度的季节变化及其区域特征,并初步分析了其主要特征的形成原因.研究结果表明:冬季海表温度除受太阳辐射、东北季风的影响外,还受该区域海流、海陆分布的影响,因此温度场呈现出多个水舌结构;夏季海表温度空间分布较均匀,冬季的水舌结构基本消失;同时在台湾梅峡西岸以及吕宋岛东、西两侧海域分别出现上升流导致的低温区和大于30.0 C的高温区,后者主要受海面辐射、海流等的影响.绝大部分研究海域内的海表温度极大值出现在7月,但在吕宋岛以西海区、台湾海峡中北部海区海表温度极大值分别出现在5月和8月;相对而言,海表温度的极小值主要出现在1月,研究区域东北部124°～126°E海域推迟到2月.     

基于险度函数的无人机备件库存量风险损失度量

为了研究南海海面风与海面温度的相互关系,利用相关分析、经验正交函数分解、奇异值分解等方法对49 a 的COADS 资料的南海海域的海表面温度异常(SSTA) 和海表面风异常(SSWA) 进行分析。SSTA 的EOF1 解释了总方差的50.8%,该模态与整个南海SSTA 同步变化,时间系数主周期为2 ~3 a,该系数滞后5个月,与Nino3.4 指数的相关系数达到0. 423;SSWA 的EOF1 解释了总方差的25. 1%,与整个南海SSWA同向变化,时间系数的主要周期为4 ~8 a,但与Nino3.4 指数的同步相关系数只有0.04,SSTA 和SSWA 的SVD分析结果第一模态的方差贡献为86.7%,空间分布很好地体现了SSTA 和SSWA 之间的正反馈机制,左右奇异向量时间系数达到0.5,且时间系数的主要周期都为4 ~8 a,证实了南海海域海-气耦合的主模态为ENSO模态。     

大气环流年代际变化对东亚北部冬季气温异常的影响

 利用NCEP资料1949～1999年间的地表气温(SAT)进行经验正交函数分解(EOF).得到的前2个模态均表明,20世纪70年代中期以后,东亚北部地区冬季气温增暖明显,发生了显著的年代际变化.这种气温的异常变化主要受到东亚冬季风的直接影响.近20多年来,北极涛动维持在正位相并持续增强,其对东亚冬季风的影响也越来越显著,东亚冬季风持续减弱,使得东亚北部地区冬季气温增暖.通过对SAT和SLP进行奇异值分解(SVD),结果表明北极涛动的持续增强可能是东亚北部地区冬季增暖的重要原因之一.