钢渣-矿渣-脱硫石膏复合胶凝材料的制备及水化机理

加速钢渣水化过程、胶凝活性激发对钢渣综合利用率的提高有重要意义。以矿渣和脱硫石膏为复合激发剂,基于交叉试验的设计方法,对复合胶凝材料的组成进行了优化,分析了复合胶凝材料的综合性能,采用X射线衍射(X-ray diffraction, XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(scanning electronic microscopy, SEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(Flourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, FT-IR)等测试方法表征了复合胶凝材料的组成及结构,并以此揭示复合胶凝材料协同优化的机理。复合胶凝材料配合比的交叉试验结果表明：钢渣30%、矿渣60%、脱硫石膏10%,水灰比为0.5,28 d抗压强度为40.4 MPa,其他各项性能指标满足GB/T1346—2011要求。通过多项测试手段可以判断出,矿渣在脱硫石膏的激发作用下不断水解,缩短了水化诱导前期和延长了诱导期,提升早期水化反应程度,释放大量热量,生成了generates ettringite (AFt)和C—S—H凝胶。而浆体的pH值上升,促进钢渣水化反应,加速了浆体由液相反应转为固相反应,证明了...     

碱激发钢渣矿渣胶凝材料凝结硬化性能研究

通过对胶凝材料强度、水化热的测定和对水化产物种类及表观形貌的分析,探讨了缓凝剂和钢渣掺量对碱激发钢渣矿渣胶凝材料性能的影响,并对其水化特性进行了研究.结果表明:钢渣掺量为40%、矿渣掺量为60%时,外掺6%水玻璃激发剂和1%的K缓凝剂,所制得的胶凝材料的凝结时间和强度可以达到42.5R普通硅酸盐水泥的技术要求;碱激发钢渣矿渣胶凝材料的放热特性与碱激发矿渣胶凝材料类似,具有放热量小的特点;钢渣与矿渣组合有利于胶凝体系水化进程的发展,两者具有相互促进的作用.     

矿渣—粉煤灰基高性能混凝土专用胶凝材料

通过优化配比组分、粒级设计和使用外加剂,制备出一种高掺量矿渣、粉煤灰且使用水泥熟料较少的矿渣--粉煤灰基高性能混凝土专用胶凝材料.研究了物料粉磨方式、石膏掺量、矿渣与粉煤灰的掺量及比例对复合高性能胶凝材料体系强度的影响,并通过X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)微观分析手段观察其微观结构和水化产物,阐明了复合胶凝材料活性与级配协同优化效应.复合胶凝材料胶砂水胶比为0.36时具有较好的流动度,胶砂试块养护28d抗压强度可以达到58.9MPa,抗折强度达到14.2MPa,并具有良好的抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能,配制的混凝土具有良好的抗碳化性能.     

石膏-熟料质量比对矿渣充填胶凝材料性能的影响及应用

为研究碱-盐复合激发大掺量矿渣充填胶凝材料的力学特性,设计不同石膏与熟料质量比的充填胶结体强度实验。利用XRD,SEM和TG-DSC等手段,研究净浆试样水化产物种类、微观形貌及质量损失率;基于室内实验研究成果,开展新型充填胶凝材料工业化应用研究。研究结果表明:当复合激发剂掺量为15%、石膏和熟料质量比为1:4,充填体3 d抗压强度最大为1.05 MPa;当复合激发剂掺量为20%、石膏和熟料质量比为3:2,充填体28 d抗压强度最大为8.61 MPa。石膏促使浆体中钙矾石(缩写为AFt)的生成,但掺量过大则影响早期胶凝物质的生成量,后期浆体中水化硅酸钙凝胶(缩写为C-S-H)的钙硅比由1.804降低到1.559,可保证结石体后期钙矾石的持续生成;3 d龄期净浆试样质量损失率从大到小依次为T7,T9和T6,28 d龄期净浆试样质量损失率依次为T9,T7和T6;综合可见,针对大掺量矿渣充填胶凝材料,合理的石膏掺量有助于提高充填体早期强度;但当石膏掺量较大或熟料掺量少时,胶结体早期强度低但有利于后期强度的提高。当熟料质量分数为12%,石膏为3%,矿渣为85%时,充填体3 d抗压强度为2.7 MPa,7 d抗压强度为5.1 MPa,28 d抗压强度达到10.6 MPa,满足金川矿山对充填体强度的要求。     

矿渣-钢渣-石膏体系早期水化反应中的协同作用

研究了矿渣-钢渣-石膏体系在水化早期的反应过程,侧重于分析单独变量条件下早期水化产物的种类、产生时间、相对产生量和微观形貌.结果表明:石膏和钢渣都可以激发矿渣水化,在矿渣-钢渣-石膏胶凝材料体系的早期水化过程中,矿渣、钢渣及石膏能够产生以生成钙矾石为驱动力的协同作用,主要水化产物是钙矾石和C-S-H凝胶.钢渣及钢渣与石膏混合物的极早期水化速度很快,对调节矿渣-钢渣-石膏胶凝材料体系的凝结时间具有重要意义.     

钢渣粉的胶凝性及其对水泥力学性能的影响

钢渣粉作为辅助胶凝材料用于水泥混凝土领域中的潜力很大,研究了钢渣粉自身的胶凝性及其粒径大小、掺入量对钢渣-水泥复合胶凝材料力学性能的影响。结果表明:钢渣粉的浆体强度和水化程度随其粒径减小而显著提高(28 d抗压强度4.0提高到21.5 MPa,Ca(OH)2含量从3.49%提高到5.48%,非蒸发水含量从4.8%提高到10.71%)。含30wt%钢渣粉的复合水泥3 d净浆和胶砂强度均表现出随微粉粒径的减小先增大,后降低(SC-40为拐点),而7 d、28 d强度随微粉粒径的减小而不断增大。钢渣粉的掺量对水泥浆体强度和水化程度的影响显著,水泥各龄期强度和水化程度均随钢渣粉掺量的增加而逐渐降低,且各龄期强度与钢渣粉含量均符合多项式函数关系。     

全尾砂新型充填胶凝材料开发及其水化机理探讨

针对司家营铁矿全尾砂,利用石灰、脱硫石膏、矿渣等固体废弃物开展替代水泥的新型充填胶凝材料试验研究,并通过电镜扫描(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)分析,研究新型充填胶凝材料激发剂的水化机理,确定激发剂优化配比。研究表明,当料浆质量分数为68%、胶砂比为1∶8、石灰质量分数为3.5%、脱硫石膏质量分数为16.0%时能够满足司家营铁矿南区嗣后充填法采矿对充填体强度的要求。结果显示,新型充填胶凝材料胶砂体与水泥胶砂体相比,结构更致密、产状更粗大,水化产物主要为AFt晶体和无定型C-S-H凝胶,从而大幅度提高了新型充填胶凝材料胶砂体的龄期强度。     

利用烧结脱硫灰-高炉矿渣-水泥熟料制备胶凝材料

为了解决炼铁高炉矿渣、脱硫副产物大量堆积产生的环境问题,实验中利用钢渣、脱硫灰及水泥熟料制备复合胶凝材料.在加水预处理的条件下,随着脱硫灰掺量的增加,胶凝材料的强度呈先增加后变小的趋势,当脱硫灰的氧化温度为550℃、氧化时间为30 min以及掺量为5%时所制得的胶凝材料可获得较好的反应性能.该胶凝材料强度能够达到GB 1344—1999中52.5R水泥强度的要求.     

低水胶比对复合胶凝体系水化特性和动力学影响研究

低水胶比复合胶凝体系的水化机理和水化行为较普通水胶比胶凝体系存在一定差异,该条件下传统的水化结论往往不再适用.以不同低水胶比水泥-粉煤灰-矿渣复合胶凝体系为研究对象,通过测试净浆试件7d水化热,结合水化动力学模型探明了低水胶比、矿物掺合料掺量对其水化行为和水化机理的影响,并通过透射电子显微镜(TEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)分析了低水胶比复合胶凝体系的水化产物差异.研究结果表明：水胶比为0.2、粉煤灰-矿渣复掺量小于50%时,复合胶凝体系早期和后期的放热速率无明显差异,此时复掺粉煤灰-矿渣对水泥水化存在一定促进作用,当水胶比增至0.25和0.3时,复掺粉煤灰-矿渣在10～17h抑制了水泥水化;当水胶比由0.3降低至0.2时,胶凝体系最大放热速率呈增大趋势,且水化过程由NG-I-D改变为NG-D,不再经历相边界反应;水化至28d时,水化硅酸钙(C-S-H)的形貌随着水胶比的降低,由纤维状向球状转变.     

钢渣微粉改性及其助磨剂实验

运用助磨剂改性钢渣复合胶凝材料,研究改性钢渣复合胶凝材料粉体比表面积变化;研究复合胶凝材料抗折强度、抗压强度等力学性能;并分析材料3d、28 d水化矿物.结果显示S58助磨剂能够改善材料活性,使得胶凝材料28 d抗压强度达到42.5 MPa硅酸盐水泥标准;SEM-EDS显示水化初期矿物以氢氧化钙和钙矾石为主,水化28 d,材料较之迷化,生成大量的C-S-H凝胶,复合水泥强度大幅提高.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.