三相非平衡线性电磁搅拌改善铸坯凝固组织的分析

采用三相通入不同电流的非平衡线性电磁搅拌技术进行了铸坯的静态浇铸实验,并对电磁搅拌过程中钢液内的电磁力各分量的瞬时值进行了理论分析·结果表明,当采用将电磁搅拌器的三相通入不同电流的非平衡线性电磁搅拌时,在钢液内所产生的电磁力是脉动的,其大小呈周期性变化,尤其是垂直于磁场运动方向上的电磁力,其脉动的幅度很大·由此认为,当采用将搅拌器的三相通入不同电流的非平衡线性电磁搅拌时,所产生的垂直于磁场运动方向上的脉动电磁力是提高等轴晶比率,改善铸坯凝固组织的一个重要原因     

大方坯连铸结晶器电磁搅拌三维电磁场的数值模拟

借助ANSYS有限元分析软件对240mm×280mm大方坯结晶器电磁搅拌磁场进行了数值模拟,系统研究了电磁搅拌参数对结晶器内磁场和电磁力的影响规律.结果表明:磁场在结晶器电磁搅拌器内产生的旋转电磁力在水平截面上形成一对力偶,驱使钢液顺时针旋转;结晶器高度方向上磁场分布呈"两端小中间大"分布特征.数值计算的磁感应强度与实测结果基本吻合.提出了杭钢大方坯45#钢电磁搅拌优化后的工艺参数为电流350A和频率3Hz,实验表明在此工艺参数下铸坯质量得到显著提高.     

方坯连铸凝固末端电磁搅拌工艺优化的数值模拟

利用ANSYS和CFX软件建立了描述160mm×160mm方坯连铸凝固末端电磁搅拌过程的数学模型.通过确立钢液黏度与温度的定量关系,考虑凝固时钢液黏度的重要影响,研究了方坯凝固末端糊状区磁场和流场的分布,以及电流强度对凝固前沿钢液最大搅拌速度的影响规律.结果表明:搅拌电流强度每增加100A,铸坯中心磁感应强度增加250×10-4T,切向电磁力增加1933N/m3,最大流速增加69cm/s.现场实验检验结果表明:60#钢凝固末端电磁搅拌器安装位置处液芯半径为344mm,最佳电磁搅拌频率为6Hz,最佳搅拌电流为380A,此时凝固前沿最大流速为165cm/s,铸坯中心碳偏析得到明显改善,中心碳偏析指数为104.     

影响线性电磁搅拌流场分布的电参数分析

利用ANSYS56软件对单侧线性电磁搅拌作用下的流场分布进行了数值模拟,分析了搅拌器的电参数对钢液流动状况的影响·结果表明,当其他条件一定时,电流的增大可明显提高搅拌作用的强度,扩大搅拌作用的区域·磁场在钢液中的衰减速度应用穿透深度来衡量,其数值大小不但与电流频率有关,而且还与搅拌器的极距有关·当极距小于04m时,电流频率对穿透深度的影响不大;而当极距大于04m时,随电流频率的增加,磁场在钢液中的穿透深度逐渐减小·但电流频率的增加,使钢液内的磁感应强度和电磁力增大,有利于提高搅拌作用的强度,扩大搅拌作用的区域·     

浸入式水口电磁搅拌对钢液传热凝固的影响

在圆坯连铸浸入式水口上施加电磁力,对水口内钢水产生电磁搅拌作用,对水口出流成螺旋状态的液体的传热凝固过程进行数值模拟,结果表明:旋流出流使得铸坯内温度场明显均匀化,加快钢液热量的释放,气隙厚度减小。温度的均匀化,使得固液相温度梯度减小,改善凝固组织、提高铸坯质量。     

末端电磁搅拌工业应用参数的优化试验分析

针对末端电磁搅拌器现场应用存在的实际问题,对工业用末端电磁搅拌器内的磁感应强度分布,用CT-3型特斯拉计在线进行了全面测试.通过对测试结果的理论分析优化确定了现场应用的末端电磁搅拌器的电磁参数为:电流500 A,频率13 Hz,连续搅拌方式,使搅拌器中心磁感应强度达到119.1 mT,电磁力达到574.2 N/m3,固液界面处钢水最大流速达到0.163 m/s.在77B钢和GCr15-1轴承钢连铸生产中取得了显著改善铸坯中心缩松与偏析的良好冶金效果.     

方坯二冷区电磁搅拌器的研制和使用中的若干问题

本文介绍了三相旋转磁场矩形搅拌器的研制和应用中的主要问题;较详细地阐述了搅拌器类型的选择及其断面的确定、搅拌器的安装位置、搅拌强度的确定、搅拌强度的表示方法及其调整、搅拌时间、白亮带等问题;指出把水平旋转型搅拌器用于“宽厚比”较大的矩形坯的搅拌是可行的,可改善铸坯和中间坯的质量,提高成坯率和成材率。     

CSP结晶器内钢液流动及凝固的数值模拟

应用数值模拟方法,建立CSP漏斗型结晶器内钢液流动及凝固传热耦合模型。针对结晶器内铸坯角部受到强冷的特点,对结晶器内热流密度采用修正方程进行计算,分析热流密度修正系数对铸坯凝固坯壳表面温度计算精度的影响。通过比较不同拉坯速率下结晶器内钢液凝固的特点,研究凝固坯壳对结晶器内钢液流动行为的影响。结果表明,采用热流密度修正系数后,铸坯凝固坯壳角部温度的计算值与实际情况更相符;提高拉坯速率可使铸坯凝固坯壳厚度减小;拉坯速率较大时凝固坯壳厚度随铸坯距弯月面距离的增大基本呈线性增长,拉坯速率为3m/min时,凝固坯壳在生长过程中厚度的增长有短暂的停滞现象;凝固坯壳对钢液流动的影响较大,主要是由钢液有效流动区域减少及两相区额外动量阻损造成的。     

铝熔炼炉内电磁搅拌磁场的数值模拟

针对某厂50 t铝熔炼炉与电磁搅拌器,采用ANSYS软件建立三维有限元模型,对熔炼炉内电磁搅拌磁场进行数值模拟。研究结果表明:电磁搅拌器在其周围空间产生交变磁场,其变化周期等于加载的低频交流电周期;磁场向右呈波浪式移动,当加载电流频率为0.4 Hz时,行波移动速度为1.44 m/s;磁感应强度在铝液水平层内由边缘向中部逐渐增大,并沿铝液高度方向迅速衰减;铝液底层的电磁搅拌器垂直投影区域磁感应强度较大,为搅拌作用的核心区域;磁感应强度的仿真结果与实测结果基本吻合。     

宽厚板坯连铸结晶器流场、温度场及应力场的耦合数值模拟

利用ProCAST软件对2400 mm×400 mm宽厚板坯结晶器建立三维动态模型,采用移动边界法实现结晶器内流场、温度场及应力场的耦合模拟.结果表明：考虑凝固坯壳的影响,下回流区位置向铸坯中心靠拢,真实反映了钢液在连铸结晶器内的流动情况.自由液面的钢液从窄面流向水口,速度先增大后减小,距水口约0.7 m处,出现最大表面流速,约为0.21 m· s-1.结晶器出口坯壳窄面中心厚度最小且由中心向两侧逐渐增大,最小厚度约为10.4 mm;受流股冲击影响较弱的宽面坯壳与窄面相比生长更均匀,宽面偏角部和中心的坯壳厚度分别为18.9 mm和27.6 mm.铸坯坯壳应力变化趋势与温度基本保持一致,表明初凝坯壳应力主要是热应力.结晶器内铸坯宽窄面上的等效应力均沿着结晶器高度下降方向呈增大趋势,铸坯角部、宽面中心及窄面中心位置的最大应力各约为200、100和25 MPa.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.