论立法语言修改的原则与方法

法律的修改，要靠立法语言的修改来实现。立法语言修改应遵循下列原则：法律理念更新渐进原则、形式为内容服务原则、立法表述法理化原则、立法表述严密化原则。立法语言修改的方法是：立法文本结构的调整，编、章、节的调整，条的调整(宏观方面)；删除冗辞，增添词语，更换词语，变换句型(微观层面)。     

宪法中公民权利条款的立法表述

宪法中的公民权利条款与普通法律是有别的，因而有其特定的立法表述方式。在宪法中对公民权利条款进行立法表述时应当遵循宪法语言的规范性原则、权利不是宪法所赋予的原则、权利普遍性原则。针对我国宪法中权利条款的现状，其应当由肯定式的语句表述转向否定式的语句表述，并明确规定公民的程序性权利条款。     

论我国销售者产品责任归责原则的立法选择

从更好地保护消费者利益的角度,我国立法应对销售者与生产者实行相同的归责原则,这就是严格责任原则。但我国现行立法并没有对销售者与生产者实行相同的归责原则,一方面是因为我国现行立法存在表述的不准确,另一方面也在于人们对法律理解的错误。要想对销售者与生产者实行相同的归责原则,必须对我国现行的法律进行完善。     

关于法律领域词语选用的规范性

在法律领域选用词语时,必须坚持规范性原则：（一）必须合乎语言规范;（二）必须合乎法律规范;（三）必须合乎法律语体规范。这样才能确保法律语言的准确性、严谨性、庄重性。     

证券法：中小股东权益保护法

保护投资者的合法权益不仅是证券法的立法宗旨,也是我国整体市场经济立法的宗旨。而在投资者中,中小股东权益的保护是毋庸置疑的重点。证券法的修改给中小股东带来了福音,这部直接调整资本市场的法律的修改增加了许多科学的制度与原则,例如保荐人制度、大股东的诚信义务、发行失败制度、证券投资者保护基金、归入权机制、退市机制等。这些规定无疑会对监督和限制上市公司大股东滥用权力,更好的保护中小股东起到积极的作用。     

宋明理学对传统法律文化的意义

宋明理学是元明清社会正统意识形态,无疑对传统法律文化产生重大影响.宋明理学义理法律思想寓政治、道德与法律为一体,将义理观视为根本立法司法原则,进一步强化了传统法律文化的道德化与政治化.宋明理学对义利之辨、士商经济、君臣之义、法的性质等重新演绎,触动民事法律的扩大化,改变了社会诉讼观念,客观上又给高度君主专制法律体系留存了一丝民主倾向.宋明理学"从政为民"、"宽以养民"、"严以治吏"影响了宋元以后统治者立法思想.理学理论与实践社会简约化、世俗化、素民化的经世致用观念推动了传统法律社会化.     

完善食品安全法律体系的若干问题探析

食品安全问题不仅关乎民生,更关乎我国的社会主义法治建设. 而2009年《食品安全法》的颁布和2010年食品安全委员会的设立并未有效解决目前的困境,通过分析目前我国食品安全法律体系现状和不足,并合理借鉴国外先进立法经验,认为应从加强立法、打破监管体制部门界限、统一信息公开、增加违法成本、引入因果关系举证责任倒置原则、推行食品安全强制责任保险制度等多方面对《食品安全法》进行修改.     

法律英语的语言特征与翻译原则

在对法律英语的词汇、句法、语篇等语言特征进行分析的基础上,讨论了准确性和非对等性等法律翻译的原则:词汇翻译的非对等性原则;长句多,短句少,语法结构往往比较复杂,长句的翻译,一般宜采用直译法;还要特别留心法律文本的特定格式、语篇标志词语等语篇特征及其翻译方法。     

新词语中词语模模标研究

从2006-2008年的新词语中统计出具有模型化特征的词语365条,所用词语模84个,其模标由49个类词缀和35个标记语素(词)组成。对本源性模标的选择,常注重其文字的视知觉效果、修辞意义、经济性原则等;而他源性模标,有的是本土语言空缺的产物,有的是与本土元素完美结合的外来词语。     

“云计算”下作品载体变化及著作权应对

云计算改变了传统著作权中权利人对有形载体的依赖,同时也对著作权产生了利弊兼有的影响,著作权立法应正视云计算下无形载体存在的客观现实,遵循著作权法平衡各方关系的立法原则,对现行著作权法相关规定作出调整和修改。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.