汽车失效催化剂中铂族金属分离方法研究

铂族贵金属一直用来制造三元催化剂,是其重要的组成部分。目前,铂族金属资源稀有,为了解决这一问题,现主要办法是从失效催化剂中提取分离铂族金属。本文将讲述如何从失效催化剂中提取分离铂族金属的三种方法,第一种溶剂萃取法,第二种离子交换法,第三种分子识别法。生产实践证明,三种方法分离铂族金属各有长短处,第二种方法:吸附容量低,设备投资较大;第三种方法没有知识产权,运行成本高;第一种方法分离效率高,生产成本低,已成为主流的从失效催化剂中提取分离铂族金属的技术,是一种核心技术,潜力无限,前景广阔。     

2,3,5-三甲基氢醌连续合成工艺中失活催化剂的表征

通过对2,3,5-三甲基氢醌(TMHQ)连续合成工艺中失活催化剂活性组分、硫含量、比表面积及孔容的变化、催化剂表面形貌等进行分析以及对失活催化剂进行再生处理,研究催化剂失活的原因.研究结果表明:催化剂在运转前后活性组分含量、比表面积和孔容变化不大,不足以引起催化剂活性大幅度地下降;催化剂中的硫含量随催化剂运转时间的延长而增加,但对于贵金属催化剂属无毒物;运转后催化剂的沉积物只是疏松地吸附在催化剂的表面,对其比表面积和孔客的影响不大.催化剂失活的一个主要原因是催化剂表面沉积了TMHQ和少量的2,3,5-三甲基苯醌.     

过渡金属对Cu60-Zn30-Al10变换催化剂性能的影响

研究了锰、钴、锆等过渡金属对Cu60-Zn30-Al10变换催化剂性能的影响，并采用X11D、TPD、rIPR等手段对其进行了表征。结果表明，过渡金属的加入提高了催化剂的活性，其中以锰的改性效果最好。锰的加入提高了催化剂的分散度、活性比表面积和CO吸附量，降低了催化剂的还原温度，改善了催化剂的性能；铜基催化剂在变换反应中的活性相主要是Cu^0和Cu^ 。     

复合助剂对VPO催化剂物性的影响

以V2O3、浓H3PO4为原料,浓Hcl和柠檬酸作还原剂,加入一定含量不同金属离子作为助剂采用超临界流体干澡法制备了VPO催化剂,并在不同气氛下进行活化．应用BET、XRD、XPS等表征手段,考察了各VPO催化剂粒子的比表面积、晶相结构及表面V离子价态等物性．实验表明：采用超临界流体干燥法可使催化剂的比表面积显著增加,助剂的种类和量不同,活化气氛不同,对催化剂比表面积的影响也不同,助剂的种类对催化剂的晶相结构也有一定的影响．但对催化剂表面V离子价态影响不大．     

青海省300MW燃煤机组SCR脱硝催化剂失活机理的探究

本文通过实验室构建催化剂活性评价装置检测脱硝催化剂活性的基础上,开展了XRF、BET、SEM、离子色谱、红外分析仪等化学分析表征手段对我省首套300MW烟气机组运行9000h、及24000h的V205-WO3/TiO2脱硝催化剂进行分析表征,分析表征结果显示与新催化剂相比脱硝催化剂在340℃左右的烟气条件下高温运行造成的催化剂有效组份流失、高温烧结、催化剂表面K2O、CaO、SO2-4富集、比表面积减少以及由此造成的活性位减少、机械强度降低等原因是导致SCR脱硝催化剂活性下降及失活的主要原因,该失活原因的探究对我省后续烟气SCR脱硝工程的运行优化、催化剂的维护与再生提供了较好的借鉴与指导作用.     

金属纳米催化剂表面结构控制合成与性能调控

铂族金属纳米材料是燃料电池、行油化工、汽车尾气净化等重大领域中广泛使用的催化剂。由于铂族金属资源匮乏，价格高昂，如何进一步提高其纳米材料的催化活性、稳定性和利用效率一直是催化、电催化等领域中的重大关键问题。     

废汽车催化剂中铂族金属的浸出研究

废汽车催化剂已成为铂族金属重要的二次资源. 采用湿法浸出废汽车催化剂中的铂族金属,考察了HCl-H2SO4-NaClO3体系浸出过程中几个因素对铂族金属浸出率的影响. 实验结果表明,废催化剂液固比5:1,HCl浓度4 mol/L,H2SO4浓度6 mol/L,加入NaClO3浓度0.3 mol/L,在95 ℃条件下反应2 h,铂族金属浸出率分别可达到: Pd 99%、Pt 97%、Rh 85%. 该方法也适合用于回收其他废催化剂中的铂族金属.     

焙烧温度对PdO-CeO_2催化剂CH_4氧化活性的影响

采用共沉淀法制备了PdO-CeO2催化剂,考察了焙烧温度对其CH4氧化反应催化性能的影响,并运用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、物理吸附(BET)、CO化学吸附、Raman光谱和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等技术对催化剂进行了表征.实验结果表明:随着焙烧温度从400℃提高到800℃,PdO-CeO2催化剂的活性下降;焙烧温度进一步提高到1 000℃,催化剂的活性又出现明显的提高.结合相关表征可知:Pd(PdO)粒子烧结和比表面积下降是CH4活性下降的主要原因;然而,随着焙烧温度的升高,催化剂中金属Pd含量增加是导致1 000℃焙烧后催化剂活性提高的原因.     

催化剂颗粒的粒径对渣油加氢反应的影响

利用浆态床渣油加氢工艺对不同直径的催化剂颗粒进行活性评价，评价结果显示催化剂在直径较小或较大时均不利于杂质的脱除。利用XRD、BET、TG/DSC、TPO、SEM/EDS等表征手段对催化剂活性及稳定性进行研究，结果表明在催化剂表面及孔道中，渣油中沥青、含金属的卟啉结构等大分子生成焦炭、金属硫化物等附聚物以及沉积物是影响催化剂性能的主要原因。综合考虑所有杂质的脱除率可知，直径为1.2mm时催化剂的总体性能最好。     

硫源对FeNS/C催化剂氧还原活性的影响研究

在前期FeN/C催化剂研究的基础上,以不同的含硫化合物为硫源,在Ar气氛下高温热处理获得一系列FeNS/C催化剂。使用线性扫描伏安法测试催化剂的氧还原活性,通过热重分析、比表面积和孔径分布测试对催化剂前驱体的热性质及催化剂的结构等进行表征。结果表明,分别以硫脲为硫源,1,10-菲啰啉为氮源,FeCl_3为铁源,Black Pearl 2000为载体,催化剂前驱体中硫含量为1wt.%时,所得催化剂比表面积为559. 39 m~2/g,且催化剂表现出较好的氧还原催化活性。硫源的种类、热性质对催化剂的氧还原活性有着明显影响。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.