Cellulose nanocrystals as green fillers to improve crystallization and hydrophilic property of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate)

The green nanocomposites of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) with various cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) contents were prepared by solution casting method. The effects of CNCs on the crystallization behavior, spherulitic morphology, crystal structure and hydrophilic property of PHBV were studied by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), polarized optical microscope (POM), wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and static water contact angle measurement. It is found that the CNCs act as an effective nucleation agent for crystallization of PHBV, inducing an increase in the melt crystallization temperature of the nanocomposites. A study of the non-isothermal crystallization kinetics further illustrated that overall crystallization rate of PHBV in the nanocomposites was faster than that of neat PHBV, but exhibited a decrease in the crystallinity and the spherulite size of PHBV. Furthermore, the contact angle decreased from 60.1° for neat PHBV to 32.5° for the nanocomposites with 10% CNCs (mass fraction).     

微生物合成的β-羟基丁酸与β-羟基戊酸酯共聚物(PHBV)/有机化蒙脱土(OMMT)纳米复合材料生物降解性的研究

采用土壤悬浊培养降解实验法对溶液插层法制备的β-羟基戊酸酯共聚物／有机化蒙脱土(PHBV／ OMMT)的纳米复合材料进行了降解性能的研究;采用膜基稀释频度法(film-MPN method)研究了土壤悬浊液 中PHBV降解菌变化以及对纳米复合材料降解性能的影响;利用紫外分光光度法通过观察Bacillus Subtillus生 长规律研究了OMMT的抗菌性,影响降解性能变化的原因除了PHBV与OMMT间存在相互作用制约了 PHBV的链运动,降低了材料的透水性之外,还与材料的结晶度、OMMT的抗菌性,环境的降解菌数以及复合材 料的插层结构等因素有关.     

Thermal depolymerization mechanisms of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate)

Thermal degradation processes and decomposition mechanisms of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) were investigated by using thermal gravity analysis(TGA), Gel permeation chromatography (GPC), elemental analyzer, pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (PyGC-MS) and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR). The degradation activation energy was calculated via the dependence of residual mass on isothermal temperature. 1H NMR and PyGC-MS were used to investigate the chemical structure and component proportion of volatile gases and degradation residues which were produced by thermal decomposition, and to infer the process of macromolecular chain scission. Besides, the influence of the factors, such as outfield atmosphere, residual metal ions, on the degradation behaviors of PHBV was also studied. Finally, the PHBV thermal decomposition mechanisms were speculated on the basis of the degradation behaviors of molecular and chemical structure.     

Preparation of superhydrophobic silver nano coatings with feather-like structures by electroless galvanic deposition

Superhydrophobic silver nanocoatings with feather-like morphology are fabricated on copper substrates by electroless galvanic deposition. The coating exhibit superhydrophobicity with a contact angle of 156.4° and glide angle of 4° without any further surface modification. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and contact angle measurements are used to investigate the morphology, crystal structure and superhydrophobicity, respectively, of the coatings. The coatings exhibit high thermal stability; their water contact angle did not change when the coatings were heated to 200°C for 2 h. The mechanism of superhydrophobicity of the silver coating is discussed based on the work of Amirfazli, Wenzel and Cassie.     

N和Fe3+共掺杂TiO2薄膜的制备及亲水性能研究

 采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了N和Fe³⁺共掺杂的TiO₂薄膜,研究了N,Fe³⁺不同掺杂比例、镀膜层数、热处理温度和光照时间等对TiO₂薄膜亲水性能的影响.结果表明当掺杂物N和Fe³⁺的摩尔比为5.9:1、镀膜层数为3层、热处理温度为550℃时,所制备的薄膜亲水性能最佳(接触角为2°).     

透明质酸改性PHBV组织工程纳米纤维支架的研究

组织工程支架材料表面性质对细胞的黏附起着重要作用,进而影响细胞的增殖、分化等一系列生长过程.本研究采用天然生物大分子透明质酸(hyaluronic acid,HA)对聚(3-羟基丁酸酯-co-3-羟基戊酸酯)(Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate),PHBV)进行表面修饰以提高材料的表面生物活性.首先通过静电纺丝法制备PHBV纳米纤维支架,利用1,6-己二胺胺解在PHBV表面引入自由胺基,并以此为反应活性位点在水溶性的碳化二亚胺/N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺缩合剂体系中将透明质酸固定接枝在PHBV表面.SEM结果表明,静电纺丝制备的PHBV纳米纤维支架表面平滑程度高,纤维直径分布较均匀,且没有串珠;FTIR证明1,6-己二胺改性及透明质酸接枝改性PHBV纳米纤维支架材料均成功实现;茚三酮法表明PHBV表面胺基密度随胺解时间增加而增大,在胺解约50min时达到最大值;水接触角法表明固定接枝透明质酸后,表面亲水性明显改善;细胞实验表明透明质酸改性的PHBV纳米纤维支架可显著促进软骨细胞的体外增殖.综上所述,透明质酸改性的PHBV纳米纤维支架可望应用于软骨组织工程领域.     

Preparation and characterization of 3-(triethoxysilyl) propyl isocyanate self-assembled monolayer on surface of chip

Monolayer of 3-(triethoxysilyl) propyl isocyanate was prepared on the slide by self-assembled tech-nique. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was employed to analyze the elementary composition of the film. Contact angle of distilled water was measured to characterize the surface state. It was shown that 3-(triethoxysilyl) propyl isocyanate had been successfully assembled on the slide. The in-crease of contact angle to 80° demonstrated that the hydrophobicity of the surface of chip was in-creased signific...     

PHBV/纳米CaCO_3共混物的热性能和力学性能

通过熔融共混的方法制备出了β-羟基丁酸酯和β-羟基戊酸酯共聚物(PHBV)/纳米CaCO3共混物,采用DSC,TGA,DMA,拉力机和旋转流变仪等仪器对所制备的共混物的热性能和力学性能进行了研究.结果表明,气氛对PHBV的热稳定性没有影响,纳米CaCO3的加入对PHBV的玻璃化转变温度和热分解温度基本不产生影响.此外,当加入的纳米CaCO3质量分数为5%时,共混物的增韧效果比较好.     

紫外光引发的玉米淀粉在软材料表面的改性

以玉米淀粉作为改性剂、二苯甲酮（BP）做光引发剂对聚合物材料表面进行紫外光偶合反应,用X-射线电子能谱(XPS)、水接触角(CA)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对改性后的聚合物表面进行了结构和性能表征。结果表明,玉米淀粉被固定到CPP膜表面的最佳条件为0.03g/L玉米淀粉、1.0g/L BP、12.0mW/cm²光强和8min光照时间。玉米淀粉改性后的CPP膜的接触角可由105.0°变为66.3°。随着玉米淀粉的初始浓度的增加,改性CPP膜的表面水接触角先随之下降然后略有上升;延长光照时间和增加光强均会使玉米淀粉改性的CPP膜的表面水接触角随之下降。玉米淀粉改性后的CPP膜的表面形成了一定规则形状的颗粒结构。     

聚苯乙烯改性纤维素纳米晶体对聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯热稳定性的增强作用

采用原子转移自由基聚合(SI-ATRP)在纤维素纳米晶体(CNC)表面接枝聚苯乙烯,并利用傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)、热重分析仪(TGA)对改性前后的纤维素纳米晶体的化学结构和热稳定性进行了研究。测试结果表明,聚苯乙烯可成功地接枝到纤维素纳米晶体的表面; 纤维素纳米晶体的热分解温度由150 ℃上升到220 ℃,改性后纤维素纳米晶体的热稳定性得到提高。采用溶液浇铸法制备聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯/纤维素纳米晶体复合材料(PMMA/CNC),并利用TGA、透光率测试对复合材料热稳定性和透光率进行了研究。结果表明,当温度达到350 ℃时,PMMA/CNC的热分解温度比纯PMMA提高了近150 ℃, CNC的加入量为1%时,复合材料的透光率为89%,接近纯PMMA的透光率(91%)。聚苯乙烯改性纤维素纳米晶体可用于在保持PMMA透明性的前提下更好地改善PMMA复合材料的热稳定性。     

纳秒激光制备钛表面纹理结构及其润湿性研究

激光加工技术可在材料表面形成多种纹理结构,为了研究激光加工所得不同纹理结构对材料润湿性的影响,通过纳秒激光加工技术在金属钛表面分别加工直线、网格和点阵的表面纹理结构。采用扫描电子显微镜、接触角测量仪、粗糙度分析仪和X射线光电子能谱分别对激光加工后的钛表面进行表面形貌、接触角、粗糙度与化学成分的表征与分析。结果表明:初经激光纹理加工后试样表面的粗糙度较激光加工前均显著提高,但此时3种纹理结构试样表面接触角均小于90°;随着时间的推移,被加工材料表面化学成分的改变带来了材料表面自由能的变化,进而使被加工表面接触角总体呈现上升趋势;待试样表面化学成分稳定后接触角也基本保持不变,并且对于每种纹理结构而言,其接触角随粗糙度的增加而升高。直线、网格和点阵纹理结构试样表面接触角最终可达157.2°,153.1°和134.6°,从而实现了钛表面润湿性由亲水性向疏水性的转变。     

新型含氟聚合物的制备及其表面润湿性能研究

通过酯化反应制备了一种含有苯环间隔基的含氟丙烯酸酯单体,随后采用自由基聚合合成了新型含氟聚合物PFBA和对比样品聚合物PFA,采用傅里叶红外光谱和氢核磁光谱验证了其化学结构,通过接触角测试研究间隔基对聚合物表面润湿性能的影响.结果显示,PFA膜的初始接触角为117.4°,PFBA膜的初始接触角为109.9°;随着接触时...     

Al_2O_3/Att复合材料的制备及其吸附性能研究

以凹凸棒土（Att）为基体,通过原位溶胶．凝胶浸渍的方法,制备Al2O3包覆改性凹凸棒土的凹凸棒土复合材料（产物标记为Al2O3／Att）。采用XRD、BET、SEM等分析手段对A12O3／Att的形貌进行了表征。研究表明：产物的包覆效果好、比表面大;以直接大红4B溶液为模拟废水,考察了凹凸棒土改性前后吸附性能;对凹凸棒土表面进行包覆改性,有效地改善凹凸棒土对直接大红4B吸附效果,吸附20min后,对90mg／L直接大红4B的脱色率达90％。     

锌基底上含金属锡的超疏水表面的制备

针对超疏水金属表面广阔的应用前景,采用氯化亚锡的丙酮溶液,十八硫醇的丙酮溶液为疏水剂在锌基底上构建了超疏水表面,通过X-射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)进行了结构表征和疏水性能测试.结果表明,超疏水表面具有微纳米阶层结构,静态接触角为158°,滚动角小于5°.     

木素磺酸盐在纸浆纤维表面的层层自组装及其疏水改性功能

利用木素磺酸盐 (LS) 与Cu2+层层自组装的方式对纸浆纤维进行了表面修饰，并研究了表面润湿性的变化。X射线光电子能谱证明了纤维表面S和Cu的含量随着LS与Cu2+ 的交替组装而增加，这说明LS和Cu2+在纤维表面的层层自组装是可行的。原子力显微镜对纤维表面的研究表明，随着层层自组装的进行，纤维表面的微细纤维逐渐被木素致密覆盖；表面木素的增加致使相图的平均相位逐渐增大，说明了表面疏水性的提高。通过测定动态接触角发现，纤维的初始接触角随着自组装层数的增加而增大，且一定时间(0.08s)内接触角的下降速率在减小。当组装5层木素后，纤维表面的初始接触角由0°提高至104.8°，0.08s 后下降至78.9°，表面由高度亲水性变为具有一定疏水性。通过控制SL自组装的层数可以有效且可控地实现纸浆纤维的疏水改性。     

ADDP改性纳米碳酸钙及其在PP塑料中的应用

用磷酸酯表面活性剂改性纳米碳酸钙，测定了改性前后CaCO3吸油率、接触角、糊粘度、粒径分布的变化情况；考察了聚丙烯中不同的CaCO3填充量对塑料的冲击韧性、断裂伸长率、拉伸强度等性能的影响．结果表明：CaCO3改性后吸油率降低，与水的接触角增大，糊粘度减小，分散粒径变小；改性CaCO3的增加提高了聚丙烯的冲击韧性和拉伸强度。     

Effect of upper contact line on sliding behavior of water droplet on superhydrophobic surface

With a low surface energy, high apparent contact angle(>150°) and low sliding angle(<5°), superhy- drophobic surface has recently been attracting a great deal of attention. The true factor determining the sliding angle still remains unclear. In this paper, various superhydrophobic silicon surfaces with pillars are fabricated by photolithography and hydrophobized with octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS). Relations between sliding angles and micro-structured surfaces are being investigated in detail with 10 mg wat...     

Simple point contact WO3 sensor for NO2 sensing and relevant impedance analysis

A simple and new point contact tungsten trioxide (WO₃) sensor, which can be prepared by the oxidation of tungsten filaments via in-situ induction heating, likely detects low concentration (ppm level) environmental pollutants such as NO₂. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) were applied to characterize the phase and the microstructure of the samples, respectively. It was found that the synthesized WO₃ films exhibited a monoclinic phase and were composed of hierarchical microcrystals and nanocrystals. The point contact WO₃ sensor (W-WO₃-W) showed rectifying characteristics and an ideal sensing performance of about 110°C. A single semicircle in Nyquist plots was recorded by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) at a relatively low temperature of 150°C but faded away above 200°C, which revealed that the sensing process was governed by a determining factor, i.e., grain boundaries at the contact site.     

KH550的水解工艺及其对SiO2表面改性的研究

用电导率在线测量法和红外光谱法研究了硅烷偶联剂3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(KH550)的水解工艺。采用共沸蒸馏和溶剂置换方式置换出湿凝胶中物理吸附水,并用KH550水解液对SiO2湿凝胶进行了改性。通过红外光谱（FT-IR）、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯（DBP）吸油值、粒度分析仪和接触角测定仪等方式对改性效果进行了表征。结果表明,采用KH550对SiO2湿凝胶进行改性后,产品的接触角显著提高,吸油值增大70%以上,孔容为未改性样品的2倍,有机相中的分散性显著提高。同时,对比共沸蒸馏和溶剂置换两种方式,共沸蒸馏得到疏水性更好的超细SiO2,改性后样品的接触角可以达到140°以上。共沸蒸馏过程中,当改性剂KH550用量为超细SiO2绝干粉重的17.5%（质量分数）时,改性效果最好。     

聚丙烯酸/Fe3O4纳米复合材料的制备及性能研究

将聚丙烯酸(PAA)溶液与纳米Fe3O4粒子共混制得PAA/Fe3O4磁性纳米复合材料。用透射电镜(TEM)、红外光谱(FTIR)、热重分析仪(TGA)、动态超显微硬度仪(DUHMT)和磁性能测量系统(MPMS)对材料进行了表征。结果表明,复合材料中Fe3O4粒子的平均粒径约为10 nm且能较好分散;PAA可通过羧基中的氧原子与Fe3O4中的Fe原子以配位键方式相结合,进而形成一定的交联网络结构;复合材料的热稳定性由于这种特殊相互作用的存在而提高;随着Fe3O4含量的增加,复合材料的压痕深度降低,弹性和硬度增加;复合材料在300 K时表现出超顺磁性。