电容式力平衡加速度计的设计

电容式微机械加速度计是一种将加速度转换成差分电容、通过检测差分电容的变化来检测加速度大小的一类高精度的惯性传感器。利用开关电容电路实现C-V变换,利用反馈静电力实现力平衡闭环控制,设计了一种电容式微机械加速度计。通过构建电容式加速度传感器及外围电路的数学模型,推导了闭环工作的系统函数。并对实际系统进行研制,最后给出了整个系统的测试结果。     

微机械振动陀螺闭环自激驱动理论分析及验证

根据微机械振动陀螺驱动控制的要求,对基于自动增益控制的自激驱动陀螺系统进行了理论分析,在系统存在相位不平衡时,利用近似平均法得到了结构的起振条件及稳态幅度表达式。理论分析和实验测试表明：参考电压须大于某一临界值结构才能起振,较大的参考电压能达到大的稳态振幅,提高信噪比;系统相位偏差将导致系统谐振频率偏离固有谐振点,同时引起稳态振幅变小;改变滤波器时间常数能改变起振时间。陀螺闭环自激系统测试得到谐振频率10 min内稳定度达到±8 ppm,振动幅度1 h内最大漂移0.1%。     

结构解耦的双质量微陀螺仪结构方案设计与仿真

为了解决双线振动双质量微机械陀螺驱动和检测模态耦合的问题,提出了一种新的双质量双线振动式微机械陀螺仪结构方案,并对驱动和检测梳齿的电容布置以及梁的结构形式进行了设计.根据微陀螺的结构和工作原理,对该陀螺的驱动和检测模态进行了理论分析,给出了简化的动力学方程,并利用ANSYS有限元分析软件进行了数值仿真,以验证设计思想的正确性.仿真结果表明,双质量块和折叠梁的设计使该微陀螺能够实现驱动和检测模态的完全解耦.在仿真验证的基础上,通过调节结构参数实现了陀螺驱动模态与敏感模态固有频率的匹配及其与干扰模态的隔离.2个质量块的差动输出能够有效减小共模信号的干扰,变面积式的梳齿电容布置方式能使微陀螺在空气下的模态品质因数显著提高.该结构设计方案能使微陀螺的整体性能得到提高,达到了理想的设计目的.     

科里奥利质量流量计增益控制闭环设计

在双U型科里奥利质量流量计(CMF)原理研究的基础上,设计了实现驱动系统的物理闭环和增益控制闭环.增益控制单元作为增益控制闭环和物理闭环的共用环节,由增益控制信号产生电路和自动增益控制电路组成,前者检测来自物理闭环的振动幅度信息,并与设定安全值比较,后者根据比较结果利用场效应管的压阻特性来实现自动增益控制,以保证系统稳定工作.仿真结果表明电路设计与器件选择正确,预期功能实现良好.具体阐述了增益控制闭环的设计思路和设计实体.     

基于摄动法的微机械陀螺随机性能的统计分析

以一种通过体微机械加工技术制备的音叉振动式微机械陀螺为对象,基于随机摄动技术定量计算了微陀螺固有频率变异和检测输出电容变异的统计特征,以概率思想表达了微陀螺批量加工过程所带来的材料/尺寸随机误差对其性能的影响.通过所提出的影响因子这一概念反映了微陀螺参数变异对性能变异的敏感度.在详尽分析微陀螺众多参数影响因子的基础上获得了微陀螺最为关键的5个参数.这有限关键参数的获得,不仅为微陀螺的健壮性设计提供了方向,同时也为实际微陀螺的加工控制提供了量化的参考依据.     

微机械陀螺数字读出系统及其解调算法

为实现灵活的参数调整、改善陀螺的控制性能和进行误差补偿,提出了一种用于微机械陀螺的数字读出系统。该系统通过对陀螺输出信号进行数字化,并采用浮点数字信号处理器(DSP)进行反馈控制和算法解调,实现了对微机械陀螺中的微小电容的检测,其中的解调算法采用了最小均方误差解调(LMSD)技术。仿真和实验结果表明:LMSD算法使噪声水平比经典的乘法解调算法下降了29%;将该数字读出系统用于大气条件下工作的一种振动轮式微机械陀螺,噪声水平达到0.0073(°)/(s.Hz-1/2),带宽为100Hz。     

用于MEMS陀螺的PCIe实时测控平台设计

该文提出了一种用于微机电(micro electro mechanical system,MEMS)陀螺的PCIe(PCI express)实时测控平台。系统通过对PCIe和现场可编程门阵列(field programmable gate array,FPGA)驱动以及延时环节进行加速优化,实现了陀螺驱动频率闭环和驱动幅度闭环控制,使线振动陀螺工作在谐振频率上且幅值稳定。针对测控系统的实时性和稳定性特性,从硬件和软件两个层面进行了分析。首先在PCIe总线方面,优化了FPGA硬件,对总线传输控制和PCIe IP核接口控制进行了加速处理,将单次读数耗时降至1.8μs;其次在系统软件方面,完成对底层驱动和算法的精简,减少内核层和用户层之间的数据传输延时,并通过制定高效的数据时序控制方案,实现数据稳定传输,最终将系统的采样频率稳定在100kHz。     

基于傅里叶解调算法的硅微陀螺仪控制系统设计与试验

为了改善硅微陀螺仪控制精度,采用基于现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)实现的傅里叶解调算法,结合同步倍频采样技术,分别对硅微陀螺仪驱动轴检测信号和敏感轴检测信号进行解调.并借助自动增益控制(AGC)和锁相环(PLL)技术,实现硅微陀螺仪的闭环驱动控制和高精度解调输出.仿真和试验结果表明:相比于乘法解调,傅里叶解调算法具有更好的解调精度和更强的抗噪声能力;驱动振幅控制精度达到7.5×10-6,全温频率跟踪最大误差为50 mHz;试验陀螺的零偏稳定性由采用乘法解调算法的24.83(°)/h提高到采用傅里叶解调算法的10.65(°)/h.试验验证了傅里叶解调算法在硅微陀螺仪数字控制系统中的可行性和有效性.     

基于子结构法的微机械陀螺性能解析

在微机械陀螺性能健壮性设计的研究中,为了解决微陀螺性能解析的高精度和计算时间的问题,以体微机械加工技术制备的音叉振动式微机械陀螺结构为研究对象,提出了基于子结构法的微结构动态性能解析法.在实现了微陀螺的高精度解析和分析的基础上,进行了微陀螺弹性梁优化设计,得到了性能优良的微陀螺弹性梁结构.通过实例解析,不仅验证了基于子结构法的微结构动态性能解析法的有效性,而且证明了其在微机械陀螺性能设计中的潜在价值.     

模糊控制在平台稳定回路系统中的研究

平台式惯性导航系统依靠由陀螺稳定的机械平台,为导航系统和姿态稳定系统提供测量基准,平台稳定回路是其中事关导航精度的关键部分。对平台稳定回路进行了建模,将模糊控制和带多个修正因子的模糊控制方案引入平台稳定回路的双闭环回路系统,并对此控制方案进行了仿真分析,理论上证明了模糊控制方案在平台稳定回路控制中的可行性。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to