动态环境下利用Kinect的移动机器人增强路径规划

将最新的体感器Kinect用于实时感知动态环境中的障碍物和地形,辅助机器人在复杂动态环境中实现有效的路径规划任务。通过Kinect体感器产生的RGB图像和3D图像,来实时探测获取移动机器人的周边动态环境;同时利用基于遗传信赖域算法优化的改进人工势场的路径规划算法,解决了传统人工势场法中局部极小点以及目标不可达问题,并能有效提高算法的实时性,实现机器人在动态环境下优化的实时路径规划任务。最后建立实验系统,验证了所研究方法的有效性。     

基于改进蚁群算法与Morphin算法的机器人路径规划方法

 针对动态复杂环境下的机器人路径规划问题,建立栅格地图模型,研究一种改进蚁群算法与Morphin 算法相结合的动态路径规划方法。改进蚁群算法引入拐点参数评价路径优劣,并对路径进行拐角处理以及变更拐角处信息素更新机制,使规划的全局路径更加平滑;Morphin 算法则在机器人行走时,根据全局路径的局部环境实时规划局部路径,使机器人有效地躲避障碍物。仿真试验结果表明,该方法结合全局规划与局部规划的特点,能够使机器人沿着一条短而平滑的最优路径快速、安全地到达目标点。     

基于ROS的室内导航机器人设计研究

采用基于机器人操作系统（ROS）的设计方案开展了机器人在自主导航中的应用研究,设计了一款集定位、SLAM建图、路径规划、驱动控制于一体的机器人综合系统。系统利用激光雷达扫描获取环境实时数据和里程采集信息,通过Gmapping算法对数据进行融合,以及采用自适应蒙特卡洛定位（AMCL）方法实现了环境地图绘制与定位。通过matlab对路径规划算法进行对比研究发现,路径规划任务中Djakarta算法更适应在室内多障碍物场景。而实验结果显示在模拟环境中利用Dijkstra算法和DWA算法进行避障更加有效。仿真实验结果也表明,该系统可构建高精度环境地图,并对机器人进行定位和导航,实现了在实时路径规划中成功避开障碍物到达目标点。以上研究表明在室内定位和导航任务中该机器人系统框架具有良好的可行性和稳定性。     

基于人工势场的机器人动态路径规划新方法

针对传统机器人路径规划方法仅考虑静态环境的问题,建立了一种基于人工势场的移动机器人动态路径规划新方法.移动机器人运动环境通常是复杂多变的,在动态环境下,目标点、障碍物可能都是运动的,另外,存在运动轨迹未知的随机障碍物等,针对移动环境的动态情况,在传统人工势场法相对位置势场的基础上引入相对速度势场,充分利用量子粒子群算法,对引力势场和斥力势场的增益系数进行一定的优化.以量子粒子群的优化算法进行快速全局搜索,结合人工势场操作,对引力场和斥力场增益系数进行优化,该方法易于实时快速地对机器人进行控制.仿真结果表明,基于量子粒子群算法的人工势场法的路径规划模型能够得到平滑、安全的路径,具有较高的性能.该方法可以有效地实现机器人的动态路径规划.     

动态未知环境中的优化路径规划算法

提出一种在未知动态环境中进行启发式优化搜索的实时路径规划算法．该算法采用并行搜索策略，在机器人当前位置点到终点的连线方向上作角度增减两个方向的并行搜索．仿真试验证明该算法是实时而有效的．     

基于障碍物可达区域预测的机器人实时避障算法

针对复杂环境下的机器人路径规划与自主避障问题,提出了基于动态障碍物可达区域预测的实时避障算法.对静态障碍物进行描述和建模,建立动态障碍物状态更新预测方程,实现对动态障碍物质心可达区域的预测.分别面向动态、静态障碍物提出基于可达区域预测的多步椭圆包络势场和基于新型Sigmoid函数的势场,修正目标的对数Lyapunov引力场,给出多类型障碍物空间下的机器人实时避障算法.数值仿真和实验结果表明,与传统方法相比实时避障算法可使机器人避障过程中的路径长度更短、安全性更高及最大行驶角变化幅值更小.     

融合改进A~*算法和动态窗口法的全局动态路径规划

针对移动机器人路径规划全局最优、实时避障的需求,提出了一种融合改进A~*算法和动态窗口法的全局动态路径规划方法。首先,基于传统A~*算法,结合Manhattan和Euclidean距离,设计了一种优化的启发搜索函数;然后,利用关键点选取策略,剔除冗余路径点和不必要的转折点;最后,融合动态窗口法,构造了顾及全局最优路径的评价函数,基于该评价函数,应用动态窗口法,进行实时动态路径规划,在保证规划路径全局最优性的基础上,提高了平滑性及路径规划的局部避障能力。实验结果表明:与传统A~*算法相比,所提算法规划的路径更平滑,可实时动态避障,且能输出控制参数,这利于机器人的自动控制;与动态窗口法相比,所提算法能够保证规划路径的全局最优性,路径长度由28.879m缩短为22.285m。该研究对于移动机器人自主导航的应用具有重要的参考价值。     

基于单线激光的果园机器人自主导航方法

以四轮差速机器人作为试验平台,提出一种基于单线激光雷达获取环境信息的方法,研究机器人在树行中心线的导航性能以及机器人到达行尾进行自主换行的能力.首先,由单线激光雷达获取环境信息,利用距离阈值法、自适应密度聚类算法、改进的最小二乘法等算法处理激光数据,得到树行中心线作为机器人理论导航路径,以机器人与导航路径的横向偏移量、航向偏角和线速度作为输入量来设计控制模型实时跟踪导航路径,到达行尾时能够自主感知并执行掉头转弯至下一行动作;行间自主导航试验中,机器人线速度分别为0.2、0.4和0.6 m/s,且机器人初始位置横向偏移量不大于0.8 m、航向偏角不大于15°时,导航轨迹与树行中心线的平均横向偏差为3.69 cm,最大横向偏差为11 cm;在自主换行测试中,机器人能够准确进行掉头转弯到下一行,然后继续进行行间导航.果园自主导航系统具有良好的运行稳定性和较高的导航精度,能够满足果园作业机器人的自主行驶精度要求.     

动态环境中基于模糊神经网络的机器人路径规划的一种新方法

动态环境中，移动机器人的动态路径规划是一个较难解决的课题，提出了一种基于模糊要领的动态环境模型和在此模型基础上结合模糊神经网络的机器人路径规划方法。这种方法利用动态环境中物体的信息动态调整模糊神经网络的权值，加快整个神经网络的收敛速度，以达到对机器人的下一步动作进行动态控制的目的。该方法充分挖掘了应用人工神经网络、模糊推理解决移动机器人动态路径规划的潜力，通过计算机仿真表明该控制方法具有良好的动态路径规划能力。     

采用社会约束自适应动态窗口法的服务机器人路径规划

针对传统动态窗口法在行人密集环境下动态路径规划存在灵活性差、效率低、安全性缺乏等问题,提出一种社会交互空间下基于社会约束自适应动态窗口法(social＿DWA),并采用其解决服务机器人局部路径规划问题。首先,采用非对称高斯公式对单行人以及多人群组交互空间进行模型化描述;其次,在传统动态窗口法的基础上,采用动态行人方位角约束对动态行人进行避让;改进距离评价函数,分类决策与行人、多人群组、一般障碍物的安全距离;最后,提出速度权重自适应调整策略,优化服务机器人在途经不同密集度社会交互区域时的移动速度。为验证算法有效性,在两种模拟社会场景下,先后开展了social＿DWA算法与传统DWA算法、FIDWA算法的路径规划仿真对比实验。结果表明：采用social＿DWA算法所消耗的运动时间在场景1中较传统DWA和FIDWA算法分别缩短了1.53、0.43 s,在场景2中较传统DWA和FIDWA算法分别缩短了26.3、2.86 s;相较于传统DWA算法和FIDWA算法,social＿DWA算法能保持有效的行人安全距离,并使运行轨迹更加合理。social＿DWA算法在行人避让、环境适应能力等方面具有一定...     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.