融合边缘特征的马尔可夫随机场模型及分割算法

针对区域马尔可夫随机场(MRF)模型的图像分割中常产生边缘模糊的问题,提出了一种融合边缘特征的区域MRF模型(IEFRMRF)及其分割算法。IEFRMRF模型基于MRF理论,首先通过边缘模板提取图像的边缘特征,建立局部区域的边缘先验约束;其次利用图像局部区域像素的空间约束关系描述图像的局部高斯统计特征,并通过期望最大化算法估计高斯特征参数;然后根据贝叶斯原理建立了具有边缘保持作用的区域MRF模型;最终采用区域置信度传播(BP)算法对IEFRMRF模型进行全局优化,把局部统计特征传递到图像的全局,并按照MAP准则估计图像分割标号。人工加噪声图像分割的实验结果表明,IEFRMRF模型的分割结果和传统高斯MRF模型、局部区域高斯MRF模型的分割结果相比,分割准确率分别提高了47.9%和21.4%,并且分割结果的边缘更清晰,自然图像的分割实验也验证了提出模型的有效性。     

用于图像分割的局部区域能量最小化算法

针对点对马尔可夫随机场(Pairwise MRF)模型中像素成对交互的结构不能充分描述图像丰富的局部统计特征问题,在研究Pairwise MRF模型基础上,提出了一种基于局部区域能量最小化的图像分割算法.该算法先利用图像局部区域信息构造局部区域能量模型,建立了一种局部交互的区域马尔可夫随机场分割模型,然后采用无环置信传播(LBP)算法对MRF全局能量进行优化.优化过程中,对局部区域能量进行收敛并按照MAP准则估计局部区域标号,通过LBP算法把局部区域信息传递到邻域区域中去.实验结果表明,所提出的新算法较标准LBP算法具有更好的分割结果,并有效地抑制了图像噪声信号和纹理信号对分割结果的干扰和影响.     

一种具有边缘保持的MRMRF模型图像分割方法

针对常规四叉树结构的多尺度马尔可夫随机场(MRMRF)模型非重叠区域在最优化过程中所造成的块效应以及建模和推理过程均会导致低分辨率图像边缘细节模糊、缺失的现象,本文提出了一种具有边缘保持的MRMRF模型图像分割方法(EPMRMRF)。首先,所提模型利用邻接区域之间的交互重叠约束,将局部区域的优化传递到相邻区域;其次,采用具有边缘保持作用的Cauchy分布提取图像的多尺度边缘先验知识,在不同尺度上实现图像局部区域特征和多尺度边缘特征的融合。最后,本文提出一种分层区域置信度传播算法(HRBP)对提出的EPMRMRF分割模型进行迭代优化,基于最大后验准则(MAP),求解MRF最大后验全局分布。实验结果表明,提出的模型不仅有效保持了图像分割结果的边缘,获得了更好的分割结果,而且具有较快的分割速度,PRI相似性评价指标平均提升至0.8909,GCE差异性评价指标平均降低至0.1923。     

一种具有边缘保持的MRMRF模型图像分割方法

针对常规四叉树结构的多尺度马尔可夫随机场(MRMRF)模型非重叠区域在最优化过程中所造成的块效应以及建模和推理过程均会导致低分辨率图像边缘细节模糊、缺失的现象,本文提出了一种具有边缘保持的MRMRF模型图像分割方法(EPMRMRF)。首先,所提模型利用邻接区域之间的交互重叠约束,将局部区域的优化传递到相邻区域;其次,采用具有边缘保持作用的Cauchy分布提取图像的多尺度边缘先验知识,在不同尺度上实现图像局部区域特征和多尺度边缘特征的融合。最后,本文提出一种分层区域置信度传播算法(HRBP)对提出的EPMRMRF分割模型进行迭代优化,基于最大后验准则(MAP),求解MRF最大后验全局分布。实验结果表明,提出的模型不仅有效保持了图像分割结果的边缘,获得了更好的分割结果,而且具有较快的分割速度,PRI相似性评价指标平均提升至0.8909,GCE差异性评价指标平均降低至0.1923。     

一种具有边缘保持的MRMRF模型图像分割方法

针对常规四叉树结构的多尺度马尔可夫随机场(MRMRF)模型非重叠区域在最优化过程中所造成的块效应以及建模和推理过程均会导致低分辨率图像边缘细节模糊、缺失的现象,本文提出了一种具有边缘保持的MRMRF模型图像分割方法(EPMRMRF)。首先,所提模型利用邻接区域之间的交互重叠约束,将局部区域的优化传递到相邻区域;其次,采用具有边缘保持作用的Cauchy分布提取图像的多尺度边缘先验知识,在不同尺度上实现图像局部区域特征和多尺度边缘特征的融合。最后,本文提出一种分层区域置信度传播算法(HRBP)对提出的EPMRMRF分割模型进行迭代优化,基于最大后验准则(MAP),求解MRF最大后验全局分布。实验结果表明,提出的模型不仅有效保持了图像分割结果的边缘,获得了更好的分割结果,而且具有较快的分割速度,PRI相似性评价指标平均提升至0.8909,GCE差异性评价指标平均降低至0.1923。     

有纹理保护的SAR海冰图像分割

针对传统的马尔科夫随机场算法中模型参数估计是全局的,及此算法描述非平稳SAR海冰图像是局限的,提出一种带有纹理保护的图像分割算法.该算法以区域为研究对象,首先利用分水岭分割算法对图像进行初始分割得到基本同质的区域,使该算法由像素水平提升到区域水平,这样能减少噪声对分割结果的影响.然后使用集成了纹理信息的空间语境模型和特征模型来描述对象函数,获得更稳定的模型参数估计,使得该算法具有描述局部行为的能力,改进了空间语境模型对图像非平稳性的适应性.通过对1幅合成图像和2幅真实合成孔径雷达海冰图像进行测试,将该算法与马尔科夫随机场算法和Gaussian混合模型算法比较,结果表明,该文算法优于上述2算法,在相同的场景内该文算法在产生平滑结果的同时也能保护纹理特征.     

马尔可夫随机场在可见光图像分割中的应用

在可见光图像生成红外图像的过程中,图像分割至关重要。马尔可夫随机场（MRF）具有局部特性,由此特性建立了纹理特征的MRF模型。利用纹理的MRF模型,将参数的期望最大化用于该模型中的参数估计。最后将图像中的所有像素经该模型计算后得到纹理信息并分割图像。通过实验取得了较好的效果。     

基于粗糙集和MRF的彩色图像分割方法

提出了基于粗糙集和马尔科夫随机场(MRF)的彩色图像分割方法.将图像分割分为两个阶段:粗分割阶段和细分割阶段.基于粗糙集分割方法不仅仅考虑了每个像素点的颜色特征,也考虑了像素点邻域的颜色信息,这提高了粗分割的分割精度.在基于粗糙集分割的基础上,采用颜色特征和纹理特征,建立多特征的自适应可变权重马尔科夫随机场分割模型,再利用禁忌搜索算法逐步更新像素点标记,实现图像的最大后验概率估计.传统的MRF分割模型中需要人工设定图像分割数目以及随机给定初始分割,文中的算法,初始分割和初始类别数都将由粗分割获得.实验表明,文中算法可以有效地实现彩色图像分割.     

基于环形分割的医学图像检索

针对医学图像全局特征检索不能很好地体现局部特征,而基于分割后各区域特征的检索又过分依赖于复杂的图像分割算法,提出了环形划分图像的分割方法.在基于环形分割的条件下,分别提取医学图像的颜色和纹理等内容特征,并在此基础上,实现医学图像检索.试验表明,基于环形分割的医学图像检索能够较好地体现图像所记录的颜色空间信息,而且具有旋转偏移不变性的特点,大大提高了医学图像检索的正确率与查全率.     

基于MRF模型的多层前馈网络纹理分割方法

提出一种基于马尔柯夫随机场 (MRF) 模型和多层前馈神经网络进行纹理分割的方法.利用二阶高斯MRF模型对图像纹理进行描述，采用最小平方误差方法进行参数估计，将估计参数作为纹理的特征向量，并且利用改进的BP算法对特征进行分类.对纹理图像进行的实验表明，与常规距离方法相比，采用这种方法进行纹理分割能取得更好的效果.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the