门多萨假单胞菌DS04-T对Poly(3HB-co-4HB)的降解研究

考察了门多萨假单胞菌DS04-T对Poly(3HB-co-4HB)的降解行为。以Poly(3HB-co-4HB)为唯一碳源,分别考察培养时间、培养温度、摇床转速、装液量、培养基起始pH值、接种量等因素对降解行为的影响。结合正交试验优化获得了菌株的最佳产酶条件:培养时间为28h,培养温度为30℃,培养基初始pH值为7.3,摇床转速为150r/min,培养基装液量为120mL(250mL三角瓶),接种量为1.5%(体积分数),此条件下菌株对Poly(3HB-co-4HB)的降解酶活力可达(26.2±0.7)U.mL-1。     

重组锰超氧化物歧化酶工程菌摇瓶发酵条件的优化

通过单因素试验对重组锰超氧化物歧化酶(Recombinant Manganese Superoxide Dismutase,rMn-SOD)工程菌的摇瓶发酵的培养基(碳源、氮源、无机盐)和培养条件(接种量、乳糖浓度、时间、温度、摇床转速、pH值等)进行了初步优化.结果表明,工程菌发酵的优化培养基组分(质量分数)为:1.5%蛋白胨、1.5%酵母提取物、1.0%NaCl、0.4%KH2PO4、0.8%K2HPO4、1.5%(体积分数)甘油、0.2%NH4Cl和5 mmol/L MnCl2.乳糖诱导表达的优化条件为:以5%接种量培养5 h后,加入质量分数为0.25%的乳糖进行诱导表达6 h.当发酵温度为37℃、摇床转速为180 r/min、培养基的初始pH值为7.0时,表达的rMn-SOD的酶活力高.在优化条件下,工程菌的SOD活性达1 969.9 U/mL,比活力达1 081.8 U/mg.     

石油降解微生物培养试验

从培养液初始pH值、培养温度、摇床转速、培养时间、初始接种量、不同的培养基等6个方面对四株石油降解微生物的发酵培养条件进行了试验研究.研究探明它们的各自适宜实验室培养条件及这些微生物的普适培养条件.结果表明:该四种石油降解微生物有各自的培养适宜条件,它们的适宜条件有一定的差异性和共性.对于初始pH值、培养温度、摇床转速、培养时间、初始接种量、不同的培养基的敏感性不一,但普遍适宜于温度范围为30℃～35℃、pH值范围为6.5～8.0、转速为150 rad/min、接种量范围为0.4～1 ml、培养时间范围为18～24 h.这些研究成果有利于对石油降解微生物的进一步筛选和培养,也为进一步研究石油污染的微生物降解提供理论指导.     

生物酶降解米糠释放阿魏酸工艺条件优化

采用均匀设计法设计和二次多项式逐步回归分析,优化一株放线菌降解米糠释放反式阿魏酸的培养基配方,并采用单因素法优化发酵条件.优化后培养基配方:米糠质量分数为6%,米糠粒径0.50 mm,酵母粉质量分数为1.0%;优化后的发酵条件:发酵温度为28℃,摇床转速200 r·min-1,装液系数为12%,接种量的体积分数为3.3...     

枯草芽孢杆菌转化鱿鱼墨制备溶栓型发酵液

利用枯草芽孢杆菌发酵鱿鱼墨制备溶栓型发酵液,在发酵温度37℃和发酵培养基pH 7.2条件下,研究了枯草芽孢杆菌接种量、发酵时间、摇床转速、葡萄糖添加量和装液量对发酵产物的溶栓活性影响.在枯草芽孢杆菌接种量2.0％,发酵时间72 h,摇床转速160 r/min,葡萄糖添加量2.0％,鱿鱼墨发酵培养基装液量50 mL(100 mL锥形瓶)发酵条件下,鱿鱼墨枯草芽孢杆菌发酵液的溶栓活性与50.9 IU/mL尿激酶相当.     

含油污泥生物处理的烃类降解菌发酵条件的优化

研究了pH值、接种量、葡萄糖浓度、盐浓度、转速以及温度等因素对烃类降解菌HJ-1的发酵过程中细菌密度的影响,得到了该细菌发酵的适宜条件,然后将优化条件下发酵的菌液添加到炼厂含油污泥中进行一次发酵处理.结果表明,菌株HJ-1对原油中的油降解率由78.6%提高到82.0%,对含油污泥中的油降解率由69.4%提高到77.4%.     

麦冬发酵工艺优化及保湿性能研究

采用单因素实验,以麦冬发酵液的保湿性为指标,优化发酵底物制备方式,麦冬浓度,嗜酸乳杆菌接种量,发酵温度,发酵时间及摇床转速等发酵工艺参数;基于响应曲面法,获得的麦冬液体发酵工艺为:发酵温度为30℃、发酵时间为2.18d、摇床转速为0r/min.研究得到的麦冬发酵液具有良好保湿性能,可作为化妆品原料开发.     

萘降解菌TN培养基组成及条件优化

从大庆油田石油污染的土壤中筛选得到一株萘降解菌株TN,经初步鉴定为伯克霍尔德氏菌属(Burkholderiasp.),采用单因素试验设计优化了菌株TN降解萘的培养基组成及培养条件.结果表明,菌株TN的最适培养条件为:碳源(萘)浓度为0.5%、氮源选择(NH4)2SO4浓度为2.64g/L、磷源为KH2PO4∶Na2HPO4摩尔比为3∶1、酵母粉浓度为0.03g/L、MgSO4浓度为0.7g/L、培养时间为3d、培养温度为30℃、pH=9、装液量为30mL、接种量为2%、摇床转速为200rpm.验证实验和预期一致,优化前萘的降解率为62.03%,优化后萘的降解率可达到97.95%,整体提高了35.92%.     

阿魏酸酯酶产生菌的培养条件优化

通过均匀设计法和二次多项式逐步回归,对产阿魏酸酯酶的培养基配方进行优化,得出优化的培养基配方(质量分数):0.30%KH2PO4,0.60%Na2HPO4.7H2O,0.01%NaCl,0.80%酵母粉,1.33%麦糟.在此基础上,用单因素法考察发酵条件对产酶的影响,确定最佳条件:初始pH值为6.0,培养温度为28℃,摇床转速为210 r.min-1,发酵时间为68 h,装液量为75 mL,接种量为5%,麦糟粒径为0.054 mm.采用优化的培养基组分进行最优发酵培养,优化后的阿魏酸酯酶酶活达到119.36μkat.L-1,比优化前提高了32倍.     

枯草芽孢杆菌发酵鱼蛋白制备抗氧化型发酵液工艺的初步研究

利用食用级枯草芽孢杆菌发酵鱼蛋白制备抗氧化型发酵液,以发酵液的DPPH清除率为抗氧化性指标,分别研究了接种量、发酵时间、料液比、葡萄糖添加量、装液量和摇床转速对产物抗氧化性的影响。结果表明:接种量2%、发酵时间24 h、水:鱼肉比例2:1、葡萄糖添加量2%、(50~100)mL/250 mL三角瓶的装液量和摇床转速150 r/min分别是各单因素下的最佳水平。发酵液经蛋白质、肽类和游离氨基酸定性检测均呈阳性,表明是具有抗氧化作用的肽类混合物。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that