差压 浓度法测量气/固两相流质量流量

提出了一种通过使用文丘里管和电容传感器测量气／固两相混合物的差压和固相浓度来推导固相速度和质量流量的新方法,分别建立了均相流模型和分相流模型,使文丘里管既适用于稀相,也适用于浓相流动情况,扩大了其适用范围·不需测量气体单独流经文丘里管时产生的差压,适于工业上在线实时应用·     

单支管中气固两相流质量流量测量的新方法

提出了一种采用电容传感器与文丘里管相结合测量单支管中气固两相流质量流量的新方法·通过电容传感器对固相浓度的测量,可以求出气固两相流的固气比,结合文丘里管上的差压信号,可以计算出相应气体单独流经文丘里管时所产生的差压,由此可以求得气体的质量流量,进而得出固相的质量流量·实测结果显示,测量误差小于３３％·此方法不直接测量管道中气体的质量流量,而是通过测量浓度和差压信号来求得气固两相的流量值·此方法特别适用于不能直接测量气体流量的场合支管流量的测量·     

基于长喉径文丘里管的双差压湿气流量测量

为实现湿气气液两相流量的在线非分离测量,提出一种基于长喉径单文丘里管的双差压湿气流量测量方法．通过理论分析和实验研究,揭示了湿气液气质量比和气相流速与长喉径文丘里管收缩段差压、扩张段差压之间存在一定的内在变化规律及物理本质．为有效提高测量精度,针对传统虚高模型的缺陷,提出了虚高模型的优化原则．建立了基于单文丘里管的气液两相测量模型,并通过迭代运算实现了气液两相流量的分相测量,对于压力P为0．10—0．16MPa,气相弗劳德数0．4～0．7,液气质量比0～1范围内,气相流量测量的相对误差优于±3％,液相流量测量的满度误差小于±10％．     

文丘里计测量气—固两相流测量的实验和数值计算

给出可用文丘里计测量气-固两相流流量的实验和数值计算的结果,发现了进口与喉口以及喉口与扩张段之间的压差灵敏度是确定载荷比和气体流量的主要参数,压降可被守恒变量和源项模型预测,并与实验值相吻合,文丘里计有可能作为测量气-固混合物在一相流量的一种手段,     

利用孔板差压噪声测量汽水两相流

为实现稠油热采过程注井蒸汽的在线计量，通过对两相流孔板差压噪声的深入研究，建立了测量汽水两相流质量流量和干度的理论模型。在此基础上，采用８０９８单片机研制的“汽水两相流双参数测量仪”，只需用一块标准锐边孔板，配以合适的差压变送器和压力变送器，即可实现汽水两相流质量流量和干度的双参数测量，其相对均方偏差分别为±９．０％和±６．５％。     

文丘里法管道煤粉流量测量的实验研究

通过实验确定了用文丘里(Venturi)法测量煤粉流量的可行性。根据实验数据,得出了3种不同管型参数、固气比Z和气体速度u与差压Δp1m、Δp2m的关系,从物理意义上分析了上述关系的合理性,并进一步分析了气固两相流流经文丘里管产生压力损失的机理。从测量精度、重复性和压力损失等方面对3种不同的文丘里管进行了比较研究,得到了设计文丘里流量计的基本方法。在实验的基础上,标定了3种文丘里流量计的系数。实验表明,管径比为0.71的文丘里管测量煤粉流量的最大误差不超过5%。     

文丘里法管道煤粉流量测量的实验研究

通过实验确定了文丘里法测量煤粉流量的可行性。首先根据实验数据,得出了3种不同管型参数、固气比Z和气体速度u与差压Δp1m、Δp2m的关系,从物理意义上分析了上述关系的合理性,并进一步分析了气固两相流流经文丘里管产生压力损失的机理。然后从测量精度、重复性和压力损失等方面对3种不同的文丘里管进行了比较研究,得到了设计文丘里流量计的基本方法。最后,在实验基础上,标定了3种文丘里流量计的系数。实验表明,管径比为0.71的文丘里管测量煤粉流量的最大误差不超过5%。     

孔板在两相流中的相分离效应与两相流湿度测量

两相流流过孔板产生相分离。文中用假设的理想化相分离模型和孔板两相流分相模型，论证了孔板的相分离效应产生两相流测量中的孔板差压脉动噪音，孔板差压方根的脉动幅度正比于液相流量。根据这一论证推导了孔板差压噪音法测量两相流质量含液量（湿度）的理论公式。在相比份（干度或湿度）已知的条件下，使用孔板测量两相流的流量已进行了广泛的研究。文中论述的用孔板差压噪音测量湿度的方法与孔板测量两相流量的方法相结合就有可能用单一孔板实现两相流的测量。     

一种计量稠油中油气水三相流的方法和装置研究

油田现场稠油井黏度大、流动性差,传统的分离计量方法很难对其准确计量;另外,稠油油井的流量范围较宽,每天产油量可以从几桶到1 000多桶,可以从不含气到含气率高达80%,一般计量设备难以覆盖这样的井况条件。为了解决这些难题,研究了一种计量稠油中油气水三相流的方法,可以适应较宽的油井产量范围,该方法包含一个文丘里流量计、双能伽马传感器和配备差压传感器的小型分离器。当稠油多相流流量较高处于文丘里流量计的计量范围内时,采用文丘里流量计和双能伽马传感器来测量稠油中的油气水流量,同时考虑低雷诺数流动条件下对文丘里流出系数的实时动态计算,建立了适当的模型。当稠油多相流流量处于文丘里流量计的下限或呈间歇流时,利用小型分离器内累积的液相差压对液相进行称重式计量,结合伽马传感器测得的相分率,可得油气水流量。该方法利用伽马射线技术测量稠油的相分率,使得稠油的相分率计量更精确,不受稠油形态的影响;同时,结合准确的称重计量原理,真正实现了对稠油进行油气水三相的在线实时计量。实验结果表明,液相流量、含水率、气流量标准偏差分别为4.2%、1.5%、6.3%。     

利用节流装置噪音测量两相流流量的理论模型

两相流流过节流装置时产生的差压测量噪音是人们熟知的现象。这一噪音是由于相浓度在空间的随机分布所引起的。当流动遇有阻挡体（例如孔板）造成扰动时，噪音的临度将进一步增强。假设分散相浓度分布的方差正比于其平均相浓度，在不考虑阻挡体扰动的条件下，应用两相流分离流理论模型论证了节流装置差压方根噪音的方差近似正比于分散相流量。进而推导出利用噪音测量两相流流量的理论模型。这一论证预示了可以根据简单的理论模型用单一节流装置实现两相流流量的测量。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.